Color Combinations Research Articles

Fingerprint Metabolite of Miana (Coleus sp.) Leaf Infusion and Juice: Authentication Based on FTIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis

Miana (Coleus sp.) is a plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family and has been widely used in traditional medicine. Despite the potential of the plant, the quality and quantity of chemical components that can be extracted are dependent on various factors, such as varieties and extraction techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to discriminate miana based on varieties and extraction techniques as well as identify its marker functional groups. The 4 different leaf varieties of the plant, including purple, green, batik, and color combination were extracted using the infusion method, both with and without the addition of water. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) fingerprint metabolite of each extract was then analyzed with IRPal 2.0 software for functional group interpretation and multivariate data analysis (PCA and PLS-DA) using MetaboAnalyst 5.0. The results showed that the chromatogram profile of all varieties and extraction techniques had similar patterns. The PCA (principal component analysis) score plot yielded a total PC value of 98.5%, which could effectively discriminate the samples. In addition, the O–H group’s VIP score value (greater than 1) was a significant functional group that characterized the samples. Based on these results, the combination of FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis could be used to discriminate miana based on varieties and extraction techniques, as well as identify functional groups serving as marker.

Evergreen or seasonal? Quantitative research on the color of urban scenic forests based on stress—attention electroencephalogram feedback

Urban scenic forests provide urban residents with various physical and mental health and wellbeing services. However, in the research on the color quantification and health services of scenic forests, it is still unclear how their color quantification characteristics feedback on the stress - attention of the adolescent group. In this study, visual color elements (green, red and yellow) of three landscape forests were used to generate 48 images of four groups of urban landscape forests according to color combinations and proportions. Virtual images were used to assess the stress indicators and attention indicators of participants before and after viewing. The results showed that the four groups of experimental groups showed varying degrees of α wave reduction and β/α ratio increase after viewing, G1 group showed an extremely significant increase in β wave after image stimulation, G1 and G3 group significantly decreased θ/β power, G4 group and G5 control group had no significant change. Among the 16 channels of absolute α wave and absolute β wave in the brain, the F3 and F4 channels corresponding to the frontal lobe of the G3 group showed the most prominent consistency of β wave in the frontal cortex during highly concentrated mental activities. Our study shows that positive EEG (Electroencephalogram) feedback of arousal and attention recovery can be obtained by using monochromatic or two-color changing color features in urban landscape forest. This study can provide references and methods for urban forest planning, design and visual evaluation.

Automated Weld Path Generation in Cluttered Environments Using Segmentation and Iterative Closest Point Workpiece Localization

Abstract A significant amount of manufacturing is performed by small to medium enterprises (SMEs), but these manufacturers often have lower adoption rates of automation. The cost and complexity associated with traditional robot systems slow the adoption of robotic welding operations for SMEs. The recent increase in collaborative robotic welding systems is bridging the gap, however, by reducing the complexity of installing, maintaining, and training operators to perform weld operations with collaborative robotics. These systems add flexibility in the range of operator use and ease of deployment. These systems however still rely on kinematic registration between the robot-mounted torch and workpiece on any open-loop weld. This requires precise placement of the workpiece prior to performing a weld. This work will discuss a method for part identification and registration in a welding task as a step toward automated weld path generation. The method is based on lower-resolution 3D cameras (RGBD cameras) using a combination of color and depth information. This information is used to both identify the workpiece within a workspace that may have other, non-workpiece items, and then provide registration or localization information of the workpiece within a resolution that could allow follow-on near-position strategies to achieve final weld path identification.

Into the Revolution of NanoFusion: Merging High Performance and Aesthetics by Nanomaterials in Textile Finishes

AbstractThe field of technical textiles has grown significantly during the last two decades, with a focus on functionality rather than aesthetics. However, the advancement of NanoFusion technology provides a novel potential to combine better functionality and aesthetic value in textile finishes. NanoFusion incorporates nanoparticles into textile treatments to improve waterproofing, stain resistance, durability, and breathability. This is performed without affecting the textile's visual appeal or aesthetics and may even improve them. This textile finishing revolution is expected to impact industries such as athletics, outdoor clothing, car upholstery, and luxury fashion. It offers cutting‐edge functionality while maintaining style and design integrity. Furthermore, the use of nanoparticle textile coatings opens up new opportunities for personalization and modification. Manufacturers and designers can now experiment with different color combinations, patterns, and textured finishes while maintaining performance characteristics. NanoFusion technology has the potential to transform the textile industry by providing hitherto unattainable levels of performance and aesthetics. This study reviews the current state of the art in nanofinishes for garment textiles, focusing on their many varieties, techniques, mechanisms, and applications. In addition, it addresses significant concerns such as sustainability and the environmental footprint, paving the way for a new era in textile manufacturing.

Flexible Inverse Opal Structural Color Films with High Strength and Harsh Environment Stability.

Flexible photonic crystals (PCs) constructed by PCs and special polymers are very promising to achieve a combination of vivid structural colors, mechanical robustness, and environment stability. However, PCs that incorporate polymer binders are still susceptible to destruction and subsequent loss of structural color when subjected to significant external forces or harsh environments. Besides, because most of these polymers are highly flammable, crucial fire safety is difficult to be guaranteed in the application of these materials. In this study, we report a poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide) inverse opal (PMIA IO) structural color film through a SiO2 PC template sacrificing method. Benefiting from the high rigid PMIA molecular structural configuration, the PMIA IO films are able to maintain their structural colors even in harsh conditions, such as large tensile stress, high and low temperatures, potent acids and bases, and ultraviolet radiation. More attractively, the PMIA IO films demonstrate excellent flame retardancy, with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and flame retardant rating reaching 28 vol % and V0, respectively. We believe that the flexible structural color films with high strength, harsh environment stability, and flame retardancy, which are difficult for other structural color materials to possess simultaneously, have great potential for special applications in fire protection, national defense, aviation, marine, and aerospace fields.

Font and background color combinations influence recognition efficiency: A novel method via primary color Euclidean distance and response surface analysis

The readability of human–computer interfaces impacts the users’ visual performance while using electronic devices, which gains inadequate attention. This situation is critical during high-stress conditions such as firefighting, where accurate and fast information processing is critical. This study addresses how font and background color combinations on Liquid Crystal displays (LCDs) affect recognition efficiency. A novel concept, primary color Euclidean distance (PCED), is introduced and testified under a repeated-measures experiment. Three factors were investigated: background color (black, white), font color (red, green, blue), and PCEDs. A total of 24 participants were recruited. Results demonstrate that color combinations with specific PCED values can substantially impact recognition efficiency. By using RSA, this study modelled the response time in a generalized mathematical model, which is response surface analysis. Results showed that blue font colors under a black background showed the longest response time. This study also explored the influence of physical stress on recognition efficiency, revealing a latency of about 100 ms across all color combinations. The findings offer a methodological advancement in understanding the effects of color combinations in digital displays, setting the stage for future research in diverse demographic and technological contexts, including mixed reality.

Strategies for constructing harmonious colour combinations by art students with autism spectrum disorders

Introduction. The survey discussed in the article represents the first experience of an empirical study of the peculiarities characterising the ways of construction and perception of colour harmony by students with autism spectrum disorders – professional art education learners. The relevance of the study is conditioned by new trends in education related to the need to create an inclusive and favourable environment for people with autism. This environment is necessary for their successful integration and professional training in art specialities that are considered a promising area for professional realisation of people with autism. Methods. The survey was carried out using the experimental method involving 21 participants with autism spectrum disorders (mean age = 20.4 years; SD = 2.4; 9 males, 12 females). The participants’ answers in the experimental group were compared with those of an age-, gender-, and education-matched control group (N=21). The participants’ task was to match two given shades with a third one in the palette, for the colour combination to be as harmonious as possible. The experimental palette allowed to change the hue, lightness and chroma of shades. Results. The participants with autism spectrum disorders were twice as likely to choose yellow (23.8% compared to 12.4% in the control group) and purple shades (16.2% compared to 9.5%); hardly used orange (1.9%) and blue (4.8%) and preferred lighter shades (the mean L value was 67.8 compared to the control group’s 63.0). The chroma of the selected shades correlated with their hue and lightness. The stimulus selection strategy depended on the distance (∆E*00) between the given (upper and lower) shades in the CIELAB colour space and was based on a specific “geometry” (a particular ratio of values characterising the angles and side lengths formed by the given and selected shades, as well as a preference for a particular triangle area and its type). Discussion. The experiment showed that the students with autism spectrum disorders differed markedly from neurotypical students in a number of indicators when constructing a colour harmony. The experimental group participants’ responses showed a “preference for sameness” characteristic of autism. The significant inter-group differences were applied more to the lightness and chroma of the chosen shades than to their hue. The shades preferred by the participants with autism spectrum disorders better matched the conditions of the habitual “chromatic diet” and the colour’s statistics in nature. The observed specificity may also reflect the reduced ability to generalise and average out colours in terms of holistic perception, specific to autism. Conclusion. The survey results make an important contribution to the improvement of the professional training methodology for art students, and for the development of scientifically based educational approaches to teaching people with autism spectrum disorders, primarily in the context of the formation of colour-related competencies; in addition, they may provide new impulses for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of cognitive processing of colour-related information.

Nail Designs Research with Camouflage Patterns

This study aims to analyze the design characteristics of camouflage patterns and apply them to nail art to propose original and stylish designs. In line with the trend of modern women expressing their individuality through nail art, this research explores the concept of camouflage, its historical development, and other characteristics based on previous studies, and proposes nail art designs incorporating camouflage patterns. By utilizing various colors and materials, this study presents camouflage nail designs that add a unique touch to everyday life. The research results include five distinct nail art designs: First, a classic camouflage design using colors and patterns similar to natural environments; second, a geometric camouflage design utilizing geometric patterns; third, a unique camouflage design using mix-and-match patterns; fourth, an abstract camouflage design based on geometric patterns; and fifth, a minimalist camouflage design using black and white. By integrating camouflage patterns that have influenced numerous artists and designers, this study presents unique and character-filled nail art designs through a combination of various colors and patterns. The study explores the contemporary significance of camouflage patterns and their diversity, proposing new nail art designs that extend the scope of materials and techniques. It aims to expand the artistic domain of nail art, contributing to both academic development and the advancement of the nail industry. This study holds significance as a resource for expanding the practical and popular design domain of nail art, aiding in the development of new nail art designs.

3D Micropatterning With Thermochromic Polymer Microfiber

AbstractAlthough 3D micropattern has received considerable attention due to their remarkable usability, the introduction of specific functions, such as “chromism”, is still a challenge mainly due to the lack of adequate functional materials that can be introduced into 3D printing system. In this study, 3D micropatterns with temperature‐responsive properties are created by elaborately aligned thermochromic polymer microfibers using charge reversal electro‐jet writing (CREW) method with a 3D printer. A reversible color change in response to the temperature change is exhibited in the micropattern, displaying various chromic colors, such as red, blue, and black, at their own thermochromic temperatures. Multiple‐color phases can be sequentially expressed in a single structure by incorporating pigments of different colors with distinguishable color shift ranges. Various patterning methods are proposed for manufacturing diverse patterns and demonstrating applications using combinations of color. In addition to directly increasing temperature, the thermochromic process of micropatterns can be induced by heat generated from external factors using electrical energy. These 3D thermochromic micropatterns using the CREW method can be extended to various fields, including sensors, clothing, and anti‐counterfeiting.

Color perception and its relation to dental anxiety in children.

One of the major causes of dental anxiety in children is their first impression of the dental environment. Even minor details, such as the choice of color in a dental setting and the color of dental equipment, can positively influence a child's behavior. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the emotions in children and color combinations in a pediatric setting. The study involved 200 children (99 boys and 101 girls) aged between 6 and 12 years who visited the dental clinics at the College of Dentistry, Jazan University, for the first time between November 2017 and January 2018. The participants were divided into 2 groups based on age. The younger children group included participants aged from 6 to 9 years, while the older children group included participants aged from 10 to 12 years. Anxiety levels were recorded using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Colored pencils and images of emoticons were provided to all children, who were instructed to color the negative and positive emoticons with their preferred colors. The analysis of anxiety levels among children in both groups revealed statistically significant differences across sexes in the younger age group, with girls being more anxious than boys (p = 0.003). Additionally, a statistically significant difference was observed in the choice of colors by children of both sexes in 2 age groups (p = 0.001). Most children were inclined towards bright colors and used them to express their emotions. The incorporation of colors in a dental setting could invoke positive emotions in children. Hence, the use of colors in the workplace has the potential to ease anxiety.

Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Lemon (Citrus limon) terhadap Karakteristik Minuman Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea)

With its distinctive flower color, the butterfly pea flower has excellent potential as a functional beverage ingredient. Its anthocyanin content provides natural color and high antioxidant activity. This study aims to improve the quality of butterfly pea flower drink by adding lemon extract, which is rich in vitamin C. Using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatment levels (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% lemon extract), this study evaluated the effect of adding lemon extract on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of butterfly pea flower drink. Antioxidant, pH, color, and sensory evaluations of taste, color, and scent were all included in the analysis. The outcomes demonstrated that adding lemon extract considerably impacted the butterfly pea flower drink's qualities. The best treatment was obtained at a concentration of 10% lemon extract (L1) with an antioxidant value of 0.28 ppm, pH 2.78, L*a*b* color value of 37.87, and received a good assessment in the organoleptic test, namely taste 3.48 (like), color 2.92 (like), and aroma 2.92 (like). * The combination of the natural blue color of butterfly pea flowers with the acidity of lemon produces a drink with an attractive appearance and fresh taste. In addition, adding lemon extract to butterfly pea flower drinks can improve product quality, especially at a concentration of 10%. With the addition of lemon extract, Butterfly pea flower drinks have great potential as functional drinks that are healthy and attractive to consumers.

Monitoring the Amazon River plume from satellite observations

ABSTRACT Most of our knowledge about the Amazon River plume is limited from the field experiments or modeling due to various challenges for satellite remote sensing, i.e., constant cloud coverage, atmospheric correction, and difficulties to differentiate the Amazon River plume from normal Atlantic Ocean water. In this study, observations of ocean properties from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and sea surface salinity (SSS) from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) missions in 2021 are used as an example to demonstrate the capability to monitor the Amazon River plume on daily basis and characterize the change of the ocean environment driven by the offshoots and migration of the plume in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean. The start, development, evolvement, dispersion, and dissipation of the Amazon River plume in 2021 in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean were effectively monitored. The extensive influence of the Amazon River runoff mostly occurred between June and November. The water diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (K d (490)) and SSS were significantly impacted by the Amazon River plume in the vast region of the western tropical Atlantic Ocean. The routes of the Amazon River plume that flowed into the Atlantic Ocean were highly variable. High turbidity, low salinity plume water with K d (490) reaching ~1.0 m−1 and SSS ~25 practical salinity unit (psu) was found in a region over 500 km from the Amazon River Estuary. The comparison of the Amazon River plume in 2020 and 2022 further shows the complication of the driving forcing and inter-annual variability of the Amazon River plume. The combination of gap-free satellite ocean color and SSS observations provided a new tool to monitor the short-term variability of the Amazon River plume and assess its seasonal and interannual impact on the ocean environment in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean.

Can multiplexing Immunohistochemistry for PD-L1, CD68, and CD3 improve scoring for “Keytruda®” Indication?

Abstract Introduction/Objective FDA-approved companion diagnostics immunohistochemistry scoring for PD-L1 is essential for Keytruda ® treatment in patients with NSCLC. The challenge with PD-L1 testing alone is false positive PD-L1 expression score due to alveolar macrophage infiltration. Multiplexing with PD-L1, CD68, and CD3 could help alleviate this issue. By viewing PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, CD68 expression on macrophages, and the presence of CD3+ T cells on a single slide, pathologists will be able to see the presence of an immune microenvironment (high PD-L1 expression with abundant macrophages) and the potential for response to other types of Immunotherapies (presence of T cells). Methods/Case Report Positive NSCLC FFPE blocks were sectioned and stained using Agilent Dako Omnis. Two combinations of multiplex staining were prepared for each block by staining PD-L1 (brown) alone first followed by CD3 and CD68. First slide: CD3(Vina Green), CD68(Magenta); Second slide: CD3(Magenta), CD68(Vina Green). To prevent wash out, dehydration and clearing occurred with two changes of 100% alcohol and three changes of xylene for manual cover slipping. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Manual scoring of PD-L1 alone vs two different multiplex combinations was compared to Agilent Proscia digital AI scoring using a preliminary study set (9 positives, 2 negatives). CD68-green and CD3-magenta showed better discrimination than CD68-magenta and CD3-green at a glance. This could be due to the staining intensity and nonspecific background staining of CD68-magenta. Manual scoring was higher compared to digital scoring, which could be due to the human error of positive bias. Digital scoring was significantly lower for PD-L1 alone vs both multiplex stains. The digital scoring for the multiplex stains showed a higher scoring percentage by removing false positive macrophages. Conclusion Reflex scoring workflow is being developed to focus on difficult cases using the multiplex triple stain, i.e. clear negative and clear >50% with 3+ intensity. More cases will be collected and studied to further investigate the improved PD-L1 scoring with digital imaging assisted by artificial intelligence and to compare the multiplex color combinations.

PERBANDINGAN JARAK EUCLIDEAN, CITYBLOCK, MINKOWSKI, CANBERRA, DAN CHEBYSHEV DALAM SISTEM TEMU KEMBALI CITRA BATIK

Batik is a highly valuable cultural heritage in Indonesia, showcasing a rich diversity of motifs with deep meaning and aesthetics. To enhance the accessibility and utilization of batik collections, an efficient image retrieval system is essential. This study compares distance measurement methods in a batik image retrieval system: Euclidean, Cityblock, Minkowski, Canberra, and Chebyshev, using a combination of color and texture features. The dataset comprises 50 types of batik images. The results show that the Cityblock method achieves the highest Mean Average Precision (MAP) of 97.71, followed by Canberra with MAP 96.87. The Euclidean method also performs well with a MAP of 94.56, while Minkowski and Chebyshev have lower MAP values of 92.93 and 90.89, respectively. Chebyshev experiences the largest MAP drop when images are rotated (5.98), while Cityblock demonstrates the best resistance to rotation with the smallest MAP drop (1.51). This research successfully developed a Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system with a GUI in MATLAB and suggests integrating the latest image processing and machine learning techniques for further enhancement.

Performance improvement of microLED‐to‐microLED visible light communication using reverse bias

AbstractLED‐to‐LED visible light communication (VLC), which uses LEDs not only for the transmitter but also for the receiver, is being studied as an efficient optical wireless communication technology that uses LED lighting infrastructure. In this paper, we investigate microLED‐to‐LED VLC, which uses microLEDs as both the transmitter and receiver. In particular, we conducted a study to improve the performance of microLED‐to‐microLED VLC. For this, we measured the performance depending on the transmitter and receiver LED color combination. In addition, the effects of zero bias and reverse bias at the receiver LED were investigated. We also investigated the improvement in the reverse bias when applying a transimpedance amplifier to the receiver LED. Finally, we experimentally demonstrated a data rate of 360 kbps in the microLED‐to‐microLED VLC.

Effects of simulated driving task screen background color combinations on visual performance and visual fatigue

ABSTRACT In-car smart devices, such as touchscreen control systems, internet interfaces and hands-free phone functions can cause problems affecting driver comfort, visual fatigue and performance, resulting in decreased reaction times, increasing the likelihood of accidents. This study utilizes a touchscreen display and driving simulator as the operational tools in experiments designed to investigate how changes in screen brightness and different color combinations affect the visual performance and the level of visual fatigue of the driver. Specifically, the aim is to explore the impact of changes in brightness and color combinations on visual fatigue and whether there are interactions between them. During the experimental process, relevant data, including the Critical Fusion Frequency (CFF), touchscreen offset, and the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), are collected and then analyzed using the SPSS statistical software to provide objective and reliable supporting data and valuable insights to related research fields. The experimental results show that the environmental illumination significantly affects the touchscreen offset, CFF and the NASA-TLX), while the color combination significantly affects touchscreen offset (movement and rotation) and the NASA-TLX.

Color-binding errors induced by modulating effects of the preceding stimulus on onset rivalry.

Onset rivalry can be modulated by a preceding stimulus with features similar to rivalrous test stimuli. In this study, we used this modulating effect to investigate the integration of color and orientation during onset rivalry using equiluminant chromatic gratings. Specifically, we explored whether this modulating effect leads to a decoupling of color and orientation in chromatic gratings, resulting in a percept distinct from either of the rivalrous gratings. The results demonstrated that color-binding errors can be observed in a form where rivalrous green-gray clockwise and red-gray counterclockwise gratings yield the percept of a bichromatic, red-green grating with either clockwise or counterclockwise orientation. These errors were observed under a brief test duration (30 ms), with both monocular and binocular presentations of the preceding stimulus. The specific color and orientation combination of the preceding stimulus was not critical for inducing color-binding errors, provided it was composed of the test color and orientation. We also found a notable covariant relationship between the perception of color-binding errors and exclusive dominance, where the perceived orientation in color-binding errors generally matched that in exclusive dominance. This finding suggests that the mechanisms underlying color-binding errors may be related to, or partially overlap with, those determining exclusive dominance. These errors can be explained by the decoupling of color and orientation in the representation of the suppressed grating, with the color binding to the dominant grating, resulting in an erroneously perceived bichromatic grating.

Can Consumers Judge the Freshness of Fish from Visual Cues? A Case Study of Japanese Consumers

In contemporary markets, fish are frequently wrapped in cling film, necessitating consumers’ reliance on visual cues to assess freshness. This study explores whether common Japanese consumers can accurately discern fish freshness based solely on visual information. We conducted an online experiment with 529 randomly selected participants in Japan by asking them to select the freshest fish from photographs of horse mackerel with varying freshness levels. In order to elucidate the mechanism of freshness detection, we conducted principal component analysis on the quantified body color and shape data. Additionally, we measured physical characteristics such as lipid contents, gloss, length, and weight of the fish. This study examines the correlation between these visual cues and consumers’ judgments, revealing the accuracy of visual indicators used by consumers in daily assessments of fish freshness. These findings suggest that a portion of Japanese consumers can correctly identify the freshness of fish based on appearance. They primarily rely on the brightness of the fish’s eyes and specific color combinations of the body to judge freshness, with the shape of the fish having less impact. Comparing the selection frequency between high- and low-accuracy participants, we observed that a low accuracy in freshness detection was not solely due to a lack of sensitivity to signals from photographs, but may also result from a misinterpretation of these signals by consumers.

Fostering Inclusivity and Creativity: A Card Game for Color Perception and Inclusion

The gaming industry has undergone a dramatic transformation in recent years, with inclusivity emerging as a core value in the development of new games. Despite these efforts, there remains a gap in the inclusivity of visually impaired individuals in gaming. This paper seeks to address this gap by asking: How can game design enhance colour perception and inclusivity for visually impaired players? The industry has recognized the importance of addressing the needs of individuals with diverse needs and abilities and has responded with innovative approaches aimed at creating games that are accessible to all. One such approach is the development of a card game that has been meticulously designed to stimulate color perception and promote the inclusion of visually impaired individuals. Chroma Harmony is a pioneering mobile application meticulously crafted to facilitate users' understanding of color concepts and the outcomes of different color combinations. Its primary aim is to promote inclusivity by offering features tailored to individuals with visual impairments. Leveraging the innovative ColorADD system, it revolutionizes the perception and communication of color, thereby paving the way for enhanced participation in gaming among those with vision impairments. Its main objective is to paint a cube by combining cards in the player's possession to achieve the closest or exact combination to the objective. With each move, a new card is presented, challenging players to choose the best one to achieve their goals and improve their color perception abilities. By the end of the game, players will have a better understanding of how colors are combined, preparing them for real-world scenarios. Furthermore, the game features a multiplayer mode to foster a sense of community and healthy competition among players. This multiplayer mode not only promotes inclusivity but also provides an opportunity for players to collaborate and challenge each other fostering community sense. In terms of competencies and skills, this game aims to develop several key abilities in its users such as the ability to identify colors, the ability to combine different colors effectively and the necessary motivation and drive for results. By focusing on these competencies and skills, Chroma Harmony strives to provide a comprehensive and engaging experience for all players, regardless of their abilities or background. This study highlights the ongoing challenge in the gaming industry to enhance accessibility and inclusivity, especially for visually impaired individuals, while also standing as a testament to the industry's commitment to inclusivity and innovation, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in gaming.

Reflectance spectrometry and multispectral data for mapping fractures and hydrothermal alterations in the northern edge of the eastern High Atlas, Morocco

The Marginal Folds, in the north-western axis of Moroccan eastern High Atlas, are mainly composed of the Infra-Cenomanian terrains. These latter contain continental detrital deposits (red beds) and are characterized by a network of fractures. These marginal folds host significant concentrations of metallic minerals, such as Cu, Pb, Ag, and Zn, particularly at the Merija (Cu) and Bou Sellam (Pb-Zn) sites.Several techniques were applied to the Landsat-8 Oli images to improve the clarity and visibility of the linear features. Radiometric and atmospheric corrections, color compositions, directional filters, and principal component analysis were adopted. The lineaments resulting from automatic extraction, as well as their statistical analysis were validated by visual interpretation and field investigations. Statistical analysis revealed three dominants fracture systems: N-S, NE-SW, and E-W; the first two systems show a high density in the study area.The mineral alteration of the outcropping rocks is well described by ASTER multispectral imaging techniques. In this work, the effectiveness of this techniques for mineral alteration mapping was demonstrated on the Merija area. Several occurrences of mineral alteration were highlighted, using a combination of false color and band ratios, the principal component analysis (PCA), and the band ratios. This research was completed by reflectance spectrometry, covering the visible, near-infrared (VNIR), and short-wave infrared (SWIR) domains, to identify mineral alteration.Hydrothermal alteration in the Merija region includes clay, phyllite, carbonate, and phyllosilicate alteration, such as kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, palygorskite, and vermiculite. Regarding to oxidation, as evidenced by the presence of goethite, jarosite, and hematite, it is widespread in most of the analyzed samples, resulting from the alteration of pyrite, followed by jarosite and goethite.