Colostrum Of Mares Research Articles

Triiodothyronine (T3), insulin and characteristics of 5'-monodeiodinase (5'-MD) in mare's milk from parturition to 21 days post-partum.

It is generally accepted that hormones and tissue growth factors are supplied from mother to neonate via mammary secretion. Among the protein hormones, insulin and prolactin are considered as the most important milk components for neonates. The significance of the thyroid hormones, namely triiodothyronine (T3) generated locally by 5'-monodeiodinase (5'-MD) in the mammary tissues, for the mammary gland itself and for suckling neonates is still under consideration. In the present study the activity of the 5'-MD and the concentrations of T3 and insulin in mare's colostrum and milk during the first 21 days of lactation were measured. Post partum, T3 increased to its highest concentration around day 4 (1.14+/-0.08 nmol/L), then progressively decreased until day 7, reaching a relatively stable concentration of 0.71+/-0.06 nmol/L (overall mean for days 7-21). The colostral insulin concentration, highest on the day of parturition (401.0 +/-24.9 microU/mL), decreased to a nadir value (25.0+/-3.4 microU/mL) on day 5, after which it tended to increase. The mare's milk showed the presence of PTU-sensitive (type I) and PTU-insensitive (type II) 5'-monodeiodinases (5'-MD). Contrary to the classical type II 5'-MD, the mare's milk isoenzyme was inhibited non-competitively by aurothioglucose. A significant relationship (r=0.962, P < 0.01 ) between T3 concentration and 5'-MD activity, from the I st to the 6th lactational day was found, which may indicate a dependence of T3 concentration on the milk 5'-MD activity. The presence of 5'-MD of type II suggests that intra-mammary T3 generation may play a paracrine role supporting lactogenesis. Estimating that 1.8 microg of colostral T3 (0.456 microg/L) is consumed daily by a suckling foal, the T3 hormone action within the intestinal tract cannot be ruled out. This is the first paper to provide evidence of T3 and insulin concentrations, and of T4-5'-monodeiodinases activity in colostrum and milk of the mare.

Rhodococcus equi: sorologia e avaliação da transferência passiva de anticorpos para potros

Objetivando esclarecer alguns aspectos relacionados à sorologia e a transferência passiva de anticorpos contra o Rhodococcus equi em potros, foram testadas pela técnica de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) amostras de soro e colostro de duas populações distintas de eqüinos. A primeira população era constituída por 59 potros e suas mães, de um haras onde não se efetuava a vacinação contra esta bactéria. Do total de potros. 32,2% (19/59) mostraram anticorpos contra este agente. No colostro foram detectados anticorpos em 30,5% (18/59) das amostras, entretanto, não se observou transferência passiva de anticorpos. A segunda população, constituída por 12 éguas prenhas, foi submetida à vacinação contra o Rhodococcus equi, sendo testados soro e colostro das éguas e soro de seus respectivos potros. Antes da vacinação todas as fêmeas mostraram-se soronegativas. Após, 91,6% (11/12) foram positivas ao teste de IDGA. Nas amostras de colostro e soro dos potros, os percentuais de positividade foram de 75% (9/12) e 66,7% (8/12), respectivamente. Observou-se a transferência passiva de anticorpos para os potros, tendo esta, relação com a ingestão de colostro positivo.

Effects of Rations and Age on Mineral Concentrations of Throughbred Mare's Colostrum.

Colostrum samples were collected from 12 Throughbred mares (6-15 years old) at 3 farms located in Hidaka district, Hokkaido, Japan, to clarify the effects of rations and age on calcium, copper and zinc concentrations in mare’s colostrum. Average concentrations of all colostral calcium, copper and zinc were 82.8 mg/dl, 0.82 ppm and 7.76 ppm, respectively. Calcium, copper and zinc contents of rations for mares before parturition varied with the farms. However colostral calcium, copper and zinc concentrations were not different among the farms. There were significant negative correlationships between age of mares and colostral copper or zinc concentrations. It is suggested that copper and zinc intakes of the newborn foals born from older dams may diminish.

Composition of mares' colostrum and milk. Protein content, amino acid composition and contents of macro and micro-elements

Changes in the protein content, protein fractions and amino acid composition of mare's colostrum and milk, and biological value of milk protein during the flrst 45 days of lactation were studied. Milk samples (averaging 300{800 cm 3 ) from 29 lactating mares were collected daily at the beginning of the lactation and weekly from the 5 th to 45 th days post-partum. Colostrum samples were obtained by hand milking without oxytocin administration, while the foals nursed and milk samples

Composition of mares' colostrum and milk. Fat content, fatty acid composition and vitamin content

Changes in the fat content, fatty acid composition and vitamin contents of mare's colostrum and milk during the flrst 45 days of lactation were studied. Milk samples (300{800 ml) from 29 lactat- ing mares, were collected daily at the beginning of the lactation and weekly from 5 to 45 days postpartum. Colostrum and early milk samples were obtained by hand, without oxytocin administration, while the foal nursed. Later milk samples were from mixed milk of the totally-milked udder. Each sample was analysed for total solids, fat content, fatty acid

Relationships of total protein, specific gravity, viscosity, refractive index and latex agglutination to immunoglobulin G concentration in mare colostrum

A colostrum sample was collected within 24 h after foaling from 27 mares and from 10 other mares a milk sample was collected several weeks post partum. Immunoglobulin G concentrations were determined quantitatively by radial immunodiffusion and semi-quantitatively using a commercial latex agglutination test. Total protein, specific gravity, viscosity and refractive index were determined and their relationships to the immunoglobulin G concentration analysed. All parameters correlated with the immunoglobulin G concentration. The latex agglutination test divided the colostrum samples into three groups with different means for immunoglobulin G and total protein concentrations. Specific gravity and the latex agglutination test were found to be the methods best suited for on-farm evaluation of colostrum quality.

Sequential changes of IgG and antitrypsin in different compartments during the colostral-intestinal transfusion of immunity to the newborn foal.

IgG levels and tryptic inhibition were investigated in sequentially collected mare's colostrum and milk, foal serum and urine. The colostral trypsin-inhibitor was "transfused" to the newborn foal by the colostral intestinal route in parallel with IgG. However, the trypsin-inhibitor as a small molecular weight inhibitor became excreted into urine peaking at about 20 hours. The physiological proteinuria in foals during the first 2 days is mostly due to immunoglobulin fragments and colostral-derived trypsin-inhibitor. Analysis of urine for IgG light chains or trypsin inhibitor will therefore reveal ingestion of colostrum.

Endocrinology: Use of modified hydrometer to assess immunoglobulins content in mare colostrum

Equine Veterinary JournalVolume 19, Issue 6 p. 519-519 Endocrinology: Use of modified hydrometer to assess immunoglobulins content in mare colostrum J. C. Ousey, J. C. OuseySearch for more papers by this author J. C. Ousey, J. C. OuseySearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1987.tb02663.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume19, Issue6November 1987Pages 519-519 RelatedInformation

Transfer of gamma-glutamyltransferase from mother colostrum to newborn goat and foal.

In goat and mare colostrum, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is relatively low (mean values are, respectively, 900 and 350 U/l). In the serum of newborns before suckling, GGT is also low (less than or equal to 28 U/l in goats and less than or equal to U/l in foals); then in goats GGT is much increased on the 1st day (mean = 127 U/l), and it decreases during the following days. In foals, serum GGT slowly but regularly increases for the first 5 days, then decreases. Such differences can be attributed to intestinal protein absorption capabilities which are selective in newborn foals and unselective in goats. Therefore, serum GGT measurement can be a good test of colostrum intake in newborn goats, but not in foals.

Preliminary observations on the use of colostrum as an uterine infusion in thoroughbred mares.

Abstract Between 1977 and 1979, twenty thoroughbred mares each received an uterine infusion of 120 mls of mare colostrum in 380 mls of normal saline during mating heats. In 2 of the 20 mares the infusion was repeated after they had foaled normally in 1978. The mares ranged from 7 to 24 years old. In 1977, four of the six mares treated at two studs (A and B) produced live foals. During the current season (1978–79), 16 were irrigated, 6 at Stud A and 10 at Stud B. Ten were manually tested in-foal 45 days after last covering. All mares had undergone corrective surgery for penumovagina, and had either cycled irregularly several times or had not settled at an advanced stage in the breeding season. The majority were old and were presented with histories of previous reproductive failure.

The Thiamine, Riboflavin, Nicotinic Acid and Pantothenic Acid Contents of Mare's Colostrum and Milk and Ascorbic Acid Content of the Milk

Summary Studies were made of the thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, and pantothenic acid contents of mare's colostrum and milk and of the reduced ascorbic acid content of mare's milk. Mare's colostrum was found to contain an average of 38 μg. of thiamine, 138 μg. of riboflavin, 160 μg. of nicotinic acid and 747 μg. of pantothenic acid per 100 ml. The corresponding values for mare's milk are 16 μg. of thiamine, 40 pig. of riboflavin, 50 μg. of nicotinic acid, and 331 μg. of pantothenic acid per 100 ml. Mare's colostrum contains significantly less thiamine and riboflavin and more pantothenic acid than cow's colostrum. Cow's milk is richer in each of the four vitamins than mare's milk. The average value for reduced ascorbic acid for mare's milk was 11.8 mg. per 100 ml. This is approximately five times greater than the ascorbic acid values found in this laboratory and reported in the literature for cow's milk. Acknowledgment is made to Prances Panzer for assistance with some of the analytical work.