Colorimetric Detection Of Hydrogen Peroxide Research Articles

Integrating Bimetallic Nanoparticles with Covalent Organic Frameworks as Multifunctional Nanozyme for Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glutathione

Integrating Bimetallic Nanoparticles with Covalent Organic Frameworks as Multifunctional Nanozyme for Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glutathione

Microwave-assisted synthesis of Limonia acidissima Groff gum stabilized palladium nanoparticles for colorimetric glucose sensing

Herein, we present a novel microwave-assisted method for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) supported by Limonia acidissima Groff tree extract gum. The synthesized PdNPs were characterized using various analytical techniques, including FTIR, SEM, TEM, UV–visible, and powder XRD analyses. TEM and XRD analysis confirmed that the synthesized LAG-PdNPs are highly crystalline nature spherical shapes with an average size diameter of 7–9 nm. We employed these gum-capped PdNPs to investigate their peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glucose. The oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2, catalyzed by PdNPs, produces oxidation products quantified at 652 nm using spectrophotometry. The catalytic activity of PdNPs was optimized with respect to temperature and pH. The developed method exhibited a linear range of detection from 1 to 50 µm, with detection limits of 0.35 µm for H2O2 and 0.60 µm for glucose.

Nanozyme-immobilized cellulose membranes designed by a simple hydrogen bond-dominated for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and uric acid

Nanozymes are considered promising replacement materials for natural enzymes. The application limitations of nanozymes in separation and purification, quantitative utilization, and recycling can be solved by immobilization technology. Herein, a cellulose membrane-based nanozyme immobilization platform was designed and successfully applied for the colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and uric acid (UA). Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), which can mimic peroxidase and catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2, were immobilized on cellulose membranes (CMs) by hydrogen bonding to prepare AuNCs functionalized CMs (Au@CMs) with firm immobilization and uniform dispersion. TMB (colorless) in solution was oxidized to oxTMB (blue) after collision with hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) formed by H2O2 decomposition on the surface of Au@CMs. The oxTMB generated on Au@CMs was immediately in-situ immobilized under the combined action of cellulose hydroxyl groups and AuNCs. This enabled the dispersion of the colored molecules on the Au@CMs without diffusing into the solution, therefore the colorimetric response was retained to the maximum. Au@CMs were used to effectively colorimetric H2O2 with high selectivity and sensitivity, its visual limit of detection (VLOD) was 7 μM. Experiment results proved that Au@CMs were stable, convenient, and recyclable. It was worth noting that in the presence of uricase, the sensor could also be used for the colorimetric detection of UA, which had a gradient colorimetric response to UA in the concentration range of 50–500 μM. The design and preparation of Au@CMs provided an effective method for immobilizing nanozymes, promising for early-warning and semi-quantitative analysis.

Copper-based nanomaterials as peroxidase candidates for intelligent colorimetric detection and antibacterial applications

With natural polyphenol compound tannic acid (TA) as the ingredient, copper tannate (CuTA) nanolayer material was formed by self-assembly under the conditions of heating and copper ion. Copper ion and tannic acid could coordinate to form Cu–O–C structure which was similar to the Fe–N–C structure of natural heme enzymes. In addition, the obtained CuTA nanomaterial possessed excellent peroxidase-like catalytic activity and stability. Based on this excellent enzymatic activity, CuTA nanomaterials could be used for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide with a smartphone and decomposition of organic dyes. Based on the structural characteristics and catalytic activity, the copper tannate nanozymes could also serve as potential antibacterial reagents to effectively inhibit the growth of gram-negative and positive bacteria in a low hydrogen peroxide level. This work may promote the exploration of novel peroxidase mimetics and broaden the applications of nanozymes.

Carboxymethyl cellulose-NiO nanoparticles as peroxidase mimic for sensitive colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide

Carboxymethyl cellulose-NiO nanoparticles as peroxidase mimic for sensitive colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide

One-pot synthesis of bimetallic Fe/Co incorporated silica hollow spheres with superior peroxidase-like activity

Mesoporous silica hollow spheres with a homogenous and high content distribution of Fe and Co were synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal process. The sub-nanometer bimetallic components inside the silica framework facilitate the stable fixation and the open accessibility to active sites. The co-doped Fe/Co in the spheres showed excellent peroxidase-like activity and much higher catalytic performance than their monometallic-supported spheres. The synergistic effect between Fe and Co promotes the continuous formation of functional radicals during the oxidation process and thus accelerates the reaction rate. When used for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the Fe/Co incorporated silica hollow spheres show the capability of detection of H2O2 in a wide range (10-250 µmol/L) and with the low detection limit of 0.012 ppm.

The peroxidase-like catalytic activity of in situ prepared cobalt carbonate and its applications in colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide, glucose and ascorbic acid

In this study, the cobalt carbonate (CoCO3) was in situ prepared using cobalt (Ⅱ) and carbonate at room temperature, and the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of CoCO3 was demonstrated for the first time through the oxidation of chromogenic substrate 3, 3', 5, 5' - tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The effects of pH, reaction temperature, and incubation time on the catalytic activity of CoCO3 were studied. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the Michaelis constant (Km) of CoCO3 to H2O2 is 0.443 mM, which is lower than that of natural horseradish peroxidase and the previously reported peroxidase mimics. Furthermore, the mechanism exploration experiments confirm that the catalytic activity of CoCO3 is mainly attributed to the hydroxyl radical (•OH). Finally, based on the outstanding peroxidase-like activity of CoCO3, a colorimetric sensor for the detection of H2O2, glucose, and ascorbic acid (AA) was developed, which shows satisfactory selectivity and recovery. In addition, the total antioxidant capacity of three types of tea, dried lemon, three kinds of fresh fruit juice, and vitamin C tablet were determined. In short, this study reports a novel in situ generated CoCO3, which can be prepared rapidly at room temperature, eliminating the harsh, cumbersome, and time-consuming synthesis and purification process. The developed sensor based on the newly found excellent peroxidase-like activity of in situ prepared CoCO3 for the determination of H2O2, glucose, and AA is fast, simple, low cost, and high sensitivity.

Synthesis of Cu-doped carbon dot/chitosan film composite as a catalyst for the colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose

The use of colloidal nanoparticles suffers from the drawbacks of potential color interference and substrate-induced aggregation. To overcome the limitations, a catalyst was developed by crosslinking Cu-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) with chitosan. Cu-CDs with high peroxidase activity were prepared by using a rapid microwave-assisted method. The Cu-CDs containing 6.88% of Cu had an average particle size of 2.25 nm and exhibited 9% of fluorescence quantum yield. The nanozyme/film composite was prepared by crosslinking between the amino groups of Cu-CDs and those of chitosan via a glutaraldehyde linker. A H2O2-mediated tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation reaction was use to evaluate the peroxidase activity of the film. Based on the TMB color changes, colorimetric assays were developed for the detection of H2O2 and glucose at an absorption wavelength 652 nm. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges for H2O2 and glucose were 0.625–40 µM and 1.9–125 µM, respectively, and the detection limits were 0.12 µM and 0.69 µM, respectively. The colorimetric assay was also applied to analyze diluted human serum samples spiked with glucose. Furthermore, this biodegradable, non-toxic, and easy-to-handle nanozyme composite could be stored for over 4 weeks without a significant decrease in activity.Graphical abstract

Investigation on the Peroxidase-like Activity of Vitamin B6 and Its Applications in Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Total Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation.

The peroxidase-like activity of vitamin B6 (VB6) was firstly demonstrated by catalyzing the peroxidase chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) at the existence of H2O2. The influence of different factors on the catalytic property of VB6, including pH, temperature, VB6 concentration, and incubation time, were investigated. The steady-state kinetic study results indicate that VB6 possesses higher affinity to H2O2 than natural horseradish peroxidase and some other peroxidase mimics. Besides, the radical quenching experiment results confirm that hydroxyl radical (•OH) accounts for the catalytic process. Based on the excellent peroxidase-like catalytic activity of VB6, the colorimetric methods for H2O2 and gallic acid (GA) detection were developed by measuring the absorbance variance of the catalytic system. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges of the methods for H2O2 and GA determination with good selectivity are 50.0–600.0 μM and 10.0–50.0 μM, respectively. In addition, the developed method was applied in the detection of H2O2 in milk samples and evaluation of total antioxidant capacity of different tea infusions. This study may broaden the application prospect of VB6 in environmental and biomedical analysis fields, contribute to profound insight of the physiological functions of VB6, as well as lay foundation for further excavation of small-molecule peroxidase mimics.

Vitamin B3 as a high acid-alkali tolerant peroxidase mimic for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione

Small-molecule enzyme mimics as biocatalysts have been extensively applied in diverse colorimetric sensors fabrication. However, excavating potential organic enzyme mimics with high catalytic activity still remains challenging. In this study, the peroxidase mimicking activity of nicotinic acid (VB3) was demonstrated for the first time through chromogenic substrate 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) at the existence of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The catalytic activity of VB3 kept more than 80% of its optimum activity in a broad pH range of 3.0–9.0. In addition, the kinetic parameter (Michaelis constant, K m = 0.037 mM) of VB3 catalysis to H 2 O 2 is smaller than natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and previously reported peroxidase mimics. The catalytic mechanism of VB3 is mainly attributed to the active species of hydroxyl radical ( OH) and partially attributed to the superoxide free radicals ( O 2 − ). A convenient and sensitive colorimetric method based on VB3-H 2 O 2 -TMB chromogenic system for H 2 O 2 and glutathione detection was fabricated with the linear ranges of 5.0–100.0 μM and 5.0–50.0 μM, respectively. In short, this work will not only bring new enlightenment on the physiological functions and practical applications in the analytical field of VB3, but also provide a new type of structural reference for small-molecule enzyme mimics.

Fe[sbnd]N[sbnd]C single atom nanozymes with dual enzyme-mimicking activities for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione

H2O2 and glutathione (GSH) are critical redox molecules in the organism. Abnormal levels of cellular H2O2 and GSH are closely related to some diseases. Thus, it is imperative to detect H2O2 and GSH efficiently. In this work, FeNC single atom nanozymes (SANs) with both peroxidase and oxidase-mimicking activities were successfully prepared with the help of formamide condensation by one-step hydrothermal method. The FeNC SANs show excellent peroxidase-like activity, which possess a higher affinity for H2O2 and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) than horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Then, based on the chromogenic reaction of TMB, a colorimetric biosensor to detect H2O2 and GSH was developed. This biosensor has the linear ranges of 10–600 μmol/L for H2O2 with a low detection limit of 4.360 μmol/L and 100–400 μmol/L for GSH with a low detection limit of 78.33 μmol/L. Besides, this colorimetric biosensor exhibited a good recovery of H2O2 and GSH in diluted human serum. Finally, the FeNC SANs were encapsulated into agar gel to self-quantitatively detect GSH by naked eyes. This work provides a non-pyrolytic way to prepare SANs, which broadens the synthetic method of SANs and may promote the development of SANs for biosensor application.

Study on the peroxidase-like activity of cobalt phosphate and its application in colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide

The Co3(PO4)2.8 H2O nanozyme was in situ synthesized through direct reaction between cobalt (Ⅱ) and phosphate, and its peroxidase-like activity was studied in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using a chromogenic substrate 3, 3′, 5, 5′ - tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The effects of pH value, temperature, and incubation time on the conversion of TMB to oxidized TMB (oxTMB) catalyzed by Co3(PO4)2.8 H2O in the presence of H2O2 were optimized. The peroxidase-like activity of Co3(PO4)2.8 H2O conforms to the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and its Michaelis constant (Km) is 0.073 mM, showing a higher H2O2 affinity than natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and some other peroxidase nanozymes. The mechanism exploration experiment confirmed that the hydroxyl radical (•OH) is the main active species in the catalytic reaction of Co3(PO4)2.8 H2O. Finally, based on the inherent peroxidase-like activity of Co3(PO4)2.8 H2O, a simple colorimetric detection method for H2O2 was established, with a linear range of 15.0 − 100.0 μM and a detection limit of 4.385 μM. The method was applied to the determination of H2O2 in milk samples with the spiked recovery of 90.2%− 106.2%. This study reports a novel nanozyme that can be easily produced in situ, which is exempt from the harsh, cumbersome, and time-consuming synthesis and purification procedures. In addition, the H2O2 colorimetric detection method based on the nanozyme has the advantages of low cost, convenient, high sensitivity, and good selectivity.

Colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and cholesterol using Fe3O4-brominated graphene nanocomposite.

Fe3O4-brominated graphene (Fe3O4-GBR) nanocomposites were synthesized via an in situ method using the precursors FeSO4.7H2O and GBR in different (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, and 5:1) weight ratios at pH11.5. The Fe3O4-GBR (1:5) nanocomposite in combination with H2O2 and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) showed swift and superior intrinsic peroxidase mimetic enzyme activity compared with the other Fe3O4-GBR composites, GBR and Fe3O4, as observed by colorimetry. It was characterized using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Its catalytic activity was optimized by varying different parameters, and the optimum conditions for peroxidase mimetic activity were observed using 100μL Fe3O4-GBR (1mg/mL), 50μL TMB (1mg/mL), and 200μL H2O2(1mM) in 400μL of acetate buffer of pH2.3 at 30°C temperature. Kinetic analysis has revealed the Michaelis-Menten kinetic behavior of peroxidase activity with Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) and maximum initial velocities (Vmax) of 0.082mM and 14.1 nMs-1 respectively, for H2O2 and 0.086mM and 5.1 nMs-1, respectively for TMB. The limit of detection and linear range were found to be 49.6μM and 100-880μM, respectively, for H2O2 and 41.9μM and 47.6-952.3μM, respectively, for cholesterol. On this basis, a simple, swift, sensitive, selective, and reproducible colorimetric assay to detect cholesterol levels in blood serum samples using Fe3O4-GBR nanocomposite has been developed. Thus, Fe3O4-GBR composite as compared to Fe3O4 and GBR has shown better peroxidase mimicking activity for biosensing.

Pore-confined cobalt sulphide nanoparticles in a metal–organic framework as a catalyst for the colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide

Cobalt sulphide nanoparticles solely confined within the nanopores of a water-stable Zr-based MOF are synthesized by a two-step approach.

Facile preparation of MIL-88B-Fe metal–organic framework with high peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk and beer

Facile preparation of MIL-88B-Fe metal–organic framework with high peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk and beer

Self-assembled recombinant camel serum albumin nanoparticles-encapsulated hemin with peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose

The construction of enzyme mimics using protein protection layers possesses advantages of high biocompatibility and superior catalytic activity, which is desirable for biomedical applications including diseases diagnosis. Here, from E. coli expression system, recombinant protein of camel serum albumin (rCSA) from Camelus bactrianus was successfully obtained to encapsulate hemin via the self-assemble method without additional toxic organic reagents. As compared with that of horseradish peroxidase, the produced rCSA-hemin nanoparticles exhibited enhanced enzyme-mimicking activity and stability under harsh experimental conditions. Additionally, the steady-state kinetic analysis of rCSA-hemin in the solution revealed its higher affinity to the substrates. Therefore, a colorimetric detection method of H2O2 and glucose was constructed with a linear range of 2.5–500 μM with an LOD of 2.39 and 2.42 μM, respectively, which was also applied for the determination of glucose in the serum samples with satisfying recovery ratio ranging from 101.1% to 112.1%. The constructed camel protein-derived nanozyme system of remarkable stability holds promising potentials for the versatile biomedical uses.

NiFe2O4/CNTs fabricated by atomic layer deposition as highly stable peroxidase mimics for sensitive colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose

Developing peroxidase mimics with high sensitivity and good stability is highly desired to meet broad practical requirements. In this work, the ultrathin NiFe2O4 coating on carbon nanotubes (NiFe2O4/CNTs) was obtained using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. The investigation on peroxidase-like performance indicated that the prepared 100NiFe2O4/CNTs nanocomposites exhibited highly efficient peroxidase-like activity. In particular, the peroxidase-like activity of 100NiFe2O4/CNTs was maintained well over a wide range of temperature. On the basis of its high peroxidase-like activity, a simple and effective approach was developed for the colorimetric detection of glucose with a detection limit of 2.2 μM and a linear detection range from 5 to 60 μM. The established method was successfully applied to the determination of glucose in juice samples with satisfactory results.

Cr2O3-TiO2-Modified Filter Paper-Based Portable Nanosensors for Optical and Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide.

In the present approach, a Cr2O3–TiO2-modified, portable, and biomimetic nanosensor was designed to meet the requirement of a robust and colorimetric sensing of hydrogen peroxide. Cr2O3–TiO2 nanocomposites prepared via the hydrothermal method were fabricated as a transducer surface on the filter paper using the sol–gel matrix. The color on the filter paper sensor changed from green to blue upon the addition of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of TMB. This change in the color intensity was linear with the concentration of H2O2. RGB software was used as a color analyzing model to evaluate the optical signals. This paper-based colorimetric platform provided us with an improved analytical figure of merit with a linear range of 0.005–100 μM with 0.003 μM limit of detection. The real sample analysis and excellent anti-interference potential results proved the good analytical performance of the proposed design, providing a more promising tool for colorimetric H2O2 detection. Introducing Cr2O3–TiO2 nanocomposite-based paper sensors, being a novel method for optical and colorimetric detection, can pave the way for the development of other sensing devices for the detection of different analytes.

Ce-MOF with Intrinsic Haloperoxidase-Like Activity for Ratiometric Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide.

Metal–organic framework (MOF) nanozymes, as emerging members of the nanozymes, have received more and more attention due to their composition and structural characteristics. In this work, we report that mixed-valence state Ce-MOF (MVCM) has intrinsic haloperoxidase-mimicking activity. MVCM was synthesized by partial oxidation method using Ce-MOF as a precursor. In the presence of H2O2 and Br−, MVCM can catalyze oxidative bromination of chromogenic substrate phenol red (PR) to produce the blue product bromophenol blue (Br4PR), showing good haloperoxidase-like activity. Because of the special chromogenic substrate, we constructed a ratiometric colorimetric-sensing platform by detecting the absorbance of the MVCM-(PR, Br−) system at wavelengths of 590 and 430, for quantifying H2O2, where the detection limit of the H2O2 is 3.25 μM. In addition, the haloperoxidase-mimicking mechanism of the MVCM is proposed. Moreover, through enzyme kinetics monitoring, the Km (H2O2 and NH4Br) of the MVCM is lower than that of cerium oxide nanomaterials, indicating that the MVCM has a stronger binding affinity for H2O2 and NH4Br than other materials. This work provides more application prospects for the development of nanozymes in the field of biosensors in the future.

Enhanced peroxidase-like activity of copper phosphate modified by hydrophilic phytic-acid and its application in colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide

The Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O was modified by hydrophilic phytic-acid (PA/Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O) using a facile co-precipitation method. The peroxidase-like activities of Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O and PA/Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O were demonstrated by catalyzing the peroxidase substrate 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic activity of PA/Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O is about four times than that of Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O, indicating that the peroxidase activity can be enhanced by the introduction of PA. Then, the as-prepared PA/Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O was used to develop a colorimetric method for hydrogen peroxide detection with linear range of 0.1–5.0 mM and detection limit of 0.079 mM. Finally, the applicability of PA/Cu3(PO4)2·3H2O-based assay was validated by the detection of hydrogen peroxide in milk samples, and the recoveries were 92.4%-101.7%. The developed strategy highlights opportunity for the design of inorganic materials with enhanced inherently peroxidase-mimicking performance using PA.