Color System Research Articles

Identifying the color and absorption band properties of Fe oxides in Danxia red beds by the visible diffuse reflectance spectrum

This study investigates the Danxia Basin, the place where Danxia landforms were first named, by employing diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to analyze samples from various hue sequences of red beds. The colors of the Danxia red beds were precisely and quantitatively analyzed using the CIE color space and the Munsell color system. The raw spectra of the samples were then transformed using the second derivative of the Kubelka–Munk function and continuum removal techniques to perform spectral analysis, aiming to elucidate the absorption characteristics of Fe oxides and their influence on the coloration of the Danxia red beds. The results show that the Munsell hues of the Danxia red beds span from 6.5R to 9YR, while powdered samples exhibit a slight yellow shift, ranging from 2.5YR to 0.1Y, with increased chroma and significantly higher lightness. Fe oxides display three main absorption bands in the visible spectrum: (4E; 4A1) ← 6A1, 4T2 ← 6A1, and 2(4T1) ← 2(6A1) (EPT). Among these, the EPT band plays a pivotal role in determining the color. Since the Fe oxides in the Danxia red beds are predominantly composed of hematite with minor goethite, the EPT (Hem) absorption band is the most prominent, occurring between 526 and 544 nm. While the CIE color space offers superior precision for color measurement and analysis, the Munsell system provides ease of description. Therefore, a combination of both systems is recommended for practical applications.

Evaluating goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) quality change during storage using color and fluorescence imaging systems

Evaluating goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) quality change during storage using color and fluorescence imaging systems

Enhancing preservation of ancient buildings through color imagery analysis and activation: take yuelu academy as an example

ABSTRACT The pivotal role of color imagery analysis and activation has been insufficiently explored in the realm of historic heritage conservation. This study addresses this issue by introducing a comprehensive methodological framework that encompasses acquisition, analysis, activation, and application of color information based on the NCD (Nippon Color & Design) color system, an innovative color semantic quantification theory. Utilizing the venerable Yuelu Academy (from A.D. 976) as a case study, color imagery analysis methods across diverse spatial scales have been summarized. Subsequently, these results are applied to activate the surrounding environment color, as well as its cultural souvenirs. The methodologies outlined herein hold profound significance in addressing challenges concerning visual color continuity in the preservation of historic architectural landscapes, offering innovative perspectives.

Classical and machine learning tools for identifying yellow-seeded Brassica napus by fusion of hyperspectral features.

Due to its favorable traits-such as lower lignin content, higher oil concentration, and increased protein levels-the genetic improvement of yellow-seeded rapeseed has attracted more attention than other rapeseed color variations. Traditionally, yellow-seeded rapeseed has been identified visually, but the complex variability in the seed coat color of Brassica napus has made manual identification challenging and often inaccurate. Another method, using the RGB color system, is frequently employed but is sensitive to photographic conditions, including lighting and camera settings. We present four data-driven models to identify yellow-seeded B. napus using hyperspectral features combined with simple yet intelligent techniques. One model employs partial least squares regression (PLSR) to predict the R, G, and B color channels, effectively distinguishing yellow-seeded varieties from others according to globally accepted yellow-seed classification protocols. Another model uses logistic regression (Logit-R) to produce a probability-based assessment of yellow-seeded status. Additionally, we implement two intelligent models, random forest and support vector classifier to evaluate features selected through lasso-penalized logistic regression. Our findings indicate significant recognition accuracies of 96.55% and 98% for the PLSR and Logit-R models, respectively, aligning closely with the accuracy of previous methods. This approach represents a meaningful advancement in identifying yellow-seeded rapeseed, with high recognition accuracy demonstrating the practical applicability of these models.

Emotional State as a Key Driver of Public Preferences for Flower Color

Flowers, as integral elements of urban landscapes, are critical not only for aesthetic purposes but also for fostering human–nature interactions in green spaces. However, research on flower color preferences has largely been descriptive, and there is a lack of exploration of potential mechanisms influencing flower color preferences, such as economic and social factors. This study created visual samples through precise color adjustment techniques and introduced the L*, a*, and b* parameters from the CIELAB color system to quantify the flower colors of the survey samples, conducting an online survey with 354 Chinese residents. The complex aesthetic process’s driving factors were unveiled through a comprehensive analysis using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM), a piecewise Structural Equation Model (SEM), and linear regression models. The results show that the public’s flower color preference is primarily related to the a* and b* parameters, which represent color dimensions in the CIELAB color space, and it is not significantly related to L* (lightness). Factors such as age, annual household income level (AI), personal income sources (PI), nature experience, and emotional state (TMD) significantly influence color preferences, with emotional state identified as the most critical factor. Lastly, linear regression models further explain the potential mechanism of the influencing factors. This study proposes a framework to assist urban planners in selecting flower colors that resonate with diverse populations, enhancing both the attractiveness of urban green spaces and their potential to promote pro-environmental behavior. By aligning flower color design with public preferences, this study contributes to sustainable urban planning practices aimed at improving human well-being and fostering deeper connections with nature.

Research on the construction of an urban underground parking space color system from the perspective of psychological perception.

Color, an intuitive element affecting human senses, can adapt to the environment of a space, evoke emotional responses, trigger and accumulate visual experiences, and enhance the effectiveness of color in shaping spatial atmosphere and reinforcing spatial divisions. In the context of rapid urban underground space development, examining the rational application of color in underground parking spaces is crucial for improving guidance, comfort, and aesthetics. This exploration is essential for achieving high-quality development in urban underground parking environments. Based on color psychology and using typical cities in China as case studies, this paper develops a color analytical framework for urban underground parking spaces through the process of "color field investigation-analysis of color influencing factors-color system construction-color application and control" and proposes a detailed chromatographic scheme. Within this framework, color field investigation serves as the foundation for determining color usage. Key influencing factors for color selection include color elements and their relationships, the type of underground parking space, and public color perception demands. The color system has been constructed including safe colors, prohibited colors, and theme colors, which has been further divided into basic, auxiliary, and accent colors. This study provides a replicable and practical theoretical and applied framework for urban underground space management and urban color planning. The framework facilitates the establishment of a standardized color system and chromatographic scheme that aligns with urban aesthetics and public psychology, thereby improving development quality and supporting the high-quality development of urban underground spaces.

The production and characterization of PBT/PBS fiber dyeable with dispersed dye

The work aimed to study the color properties of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) modified with various contents of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). The PBT/PBS fibers were successfully prepared using a melt-spinning process. The PEO-g-MA, 2 wt%, was used as a coupling agent. A disperse dye: blue dye was applied as a dyeing material for PBT/PBS fibers. The fibers were dyed at the temperature of 98 °C (using the classic process for PBT fibers). The morphology, mechanical properties, thermal properties, crystal structure, and dyeability were also investigated. The fiber dyeing results are explored in CIELAB (position data of color coordinates L*, a*, b*) color systems. The results show the relationship between the dyeability of PBT/PBS fibers and the contents of PBS in the polymer matrix. The SEM image of the fiber of PBT100 and PBT:PBS blend after dyeing shows that the color dyeing on the fiber increased with PBS contents, supporting the result from spectroscopy.

Using Gaia and synthetic photometry for the absolute flux calibration of planetary cameras: The case of BepiColombo/SIMBIO-SYS

Context. The absolute flux calibration of a planetary camera is pivotal for a quantitative analysis of the brightness that is reflected by a celestial body to a) characterise its microphysical properties, b) analyse changes caused by exogenic or endogenic activity, and c) produce high-quality image mosaics to understand the geology of the body. This is usually done by observing a few standard stars. We propose an alternative method that relies on the Gaia catalogue and consider the Spectrometer and Imagers for Mpo Bepicolombo Integrated Observatory SYStem (SIMBIO-SYS) suite of imagers on board BepiColombo, which is currently flying towards planet Mercury, as a test case. We discuss the advantages of this method and its implications for the future exploration of Mercury, as well as the applicability to other cameras. Aims. We evaluate whether Gaia low-resolution spectra (XPSP) are suitable to supply a set of reference stars for an absolute calibration of a planetary camera. We assess the performances of this approach and discuss its advantages with respect to more traditional methods. While this was validated for common astronomical facilities, it has never been used for planetary cameras. Methods. We used synthetic photometry from Gaia low-resolution (BP/RP) spectra to produce magnitudes in all the passbands of SIMBIO-SYS. We used a set of very reliable spectrophotometric standard stars to correct small residual systematics that affect externally calibrated BP/RP spectra, and we thus defined the SIMBIO-SYS photometric system tied to the flux scale of the CALSPEC spectrophotometric library. We evaluated the uncertainties on the final calibration of this photometric system by assessing the accuracy (average of the residuals) and precision (standard deviation of the residuals) of the reproduced magnitudes of stars in the CALSPEC spectrophotometric library. Results. We find an accuracy better than 0.1% and a precision ranging from 0.4% to 1.0%, depending on the considered passband, in the magnitude and colour ranges that are relevant for stars that can be used as photometric standards for the SIMBIO-SYS instrument. Conclusions. Our results imply an improvement in the flux uncertainty through the absolute calibration of a factor 2–12 with respect to pre-existing imaging data of Mercury, and of a factor 2–7 with respect to the Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS), which is a similar camera with the same detector that orbits Mars, for which the absolute calibration details are available in the literature. In the context of the future exploration of Mercury, these improvements imply an unprecedented sensitivity of the SIMBIO-SYS instrument that will provide a novel view of the present-day surface activity on Mercury and of the photometric properties of the Hermean surface.

A review of the application of CIELAB colour systems for the development of gold and silver nano-enabled colorimetric assays for the detection of chromium

A review of the application of CIELAB colour systems for the development of gold and silver nano-enabled colorimetric assays for the detection of chromium

Analyzing Color Difference of Digital Cameras Under Different Color Temperatures

Purpose : Dental clinics had a variety of lighting conditions, which could affect digital photography. Digital Single-Lens Reflex Camera (DSLR) was usually used to take intraoral photos. Recently, there has been a growing trend to use smart-phones with the advancement of technology. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences of photographs taken with digital and smartphone cameras under different color temperature conditions.Materials and Methods : Three types of camera equipment were used: a DSLR (EOS 800D; Canon, Tokyo, Japan) with a macro lens (EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM, Tokyo, Japan) and diffuser (Lumilab, Gimpo, Korea) and two types of smart-phones; Galaxy (Samsung, Suwon, Korea) and iPhone (Apple, California, USA) with Smile line MDP (Smile line SA, St-lmier, Switzerland). All photographs were taken 30 times for every 500°K color temperature from 3500°K to 6000°K. Color information was extracted from the central part of the tooth using image editing software (Adobe Photoshop CS4, Adobe, California, USA). ΔE value was calculated by this formula based on CIE L*a*b* color systems. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 23, SPSS, Chicago, USA), with a significance level of 0.05.Results : In this study, DSLR showed the highest ΔE value followed by iPhone and Galaxy. DSLR showed minimum ΔE value in 4O00°K, iPhone and Galaxy showed in 4500°K. The lowest L* value was DSLR, followed by iPhone and Galaxy. The highest a* value was DSLR, followed by iPhone and Galaxy, except for 4000°K. The lowest b* value was DSLR, followed by Galaxy and iPhone. So DSLR was the darkest, reddest, and bluest of the three equipment.Conclusion : Although there was a significant difference from the actual shade, Galaxy showed the most similar color. Because each device showed different results, it was essential to consider the characteristics of each imaging device.

Developing High-Coloring Natural Systems Using Double Emulsions with Daucus carota L. Extract to Meet High-Performance Requirements.

Daucus carota L. extract is attracting interest as a natural colorant alternative. However, the presence of anthocyanins (ACNs), which are sensitive to pH changes, limits its application. To tackle this issue, water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions are emerging as innovative solutions. Nevertheless, the problem of reaching robust colorant systems for industrial use still needs to be overcome. One important target is to reach a high coloring power, minimizing its impact on the final product. In this context, the effect of colorant concentration and the volume of the primary emulsion, two routes to increase the colorant power, on color attributes and stability, an important feature to reach a marketable product, was studied. The optimal experimental design was conducted to two optimal solutions, whether through heightened colorant concentration or primary emulsion volume: a 41/59 (W1/O)/W2 ratio with 11 wt.% colorant, and a 48/52 (W1/O)/W2 ratio with 6 wt.% colorant, respectively. A subsequent assessment of color and physical emulsion stability over 30 days pointed out the solution with the lower colorant concentration (6 wt.%) as the one with better performance (L*: 44.11 ± 0.03, a*: 25.79 ± 0.01, D4;3: 9.62 ± 0.1 µm, and CI: 14.55 ± 0.99%), also minimizing the permeability of the colorant to the outer aqueous phase. Overall, these optimized emulsions offer versatile coloring solutions suitable for various industrial applications, such as food matrices and functional cosmetics.

Evaluation of the color stability of resin composites subjected to artificial aging procedures: immersion in different solutions, brushing, and thermal cycling.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color change of resin composites with different filler contents subjected to immersion in different solutions, brushing, and thermal aging procedures. A total of 320 samples were prepared using 4 different flowable and 4 different conventional resin composites (n = 40). The samples were separated into 4 subgroups according to the solution to be used (wine, coffee, tea, or distilled water) and then immersed in the solutions for 12days. All samples were subjected to 10,000 cycles of brushing and 10,000 cycles of thermal cycling procedures. ∆E values were calculated according to CIEDE2000 and CIELab color systems. For statistical analysis, the 3-way analysis of variance, the Tukey test, and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used. The significance level was taken as P < 0.05. Mean color change values differed significantly according to the solution, type of resin composite, and their interactions (P < 0.001). The values of the highest color change were obtained in wine, according to solutions, and conventional according to type. The filler content, viscosity, solutions to which they are subjected and their interactions with each other are effective factors in the color stability of restorative materials. The most effective factor in the color change of resin composites was the solution.

The symbolism of red and blue colors as a reflection of the national mentality of Koreans (based on the material of Korean proverbs)

This article discusses two chromatic colors – red and blue, which are included in the system of basic colors according to the ancient Chinese theory of Yin – Yang and the five elements. The subject of our research is the above two colors in Korean traditional culture. The linguistic and cultural analysis of color meanings in Korean proverbs makes it possible to determine the universal and specific features of the linguistic picture of the world, representing the historical, cultural, and social experience of one people accumulated as a result of its development. The research centers on Proverbs, idioms with colors &amp;#48521;&amp;#45796; [bulkta] / &amp;#54861; [hong] (&amp;#32005;) (red), &amp;#54392;&amp;#47476;&amp;#45796;[p ureuda] / &amp;#52397; (&amp;#38737;) [cheong] (blue). In this article, we use the names of colors of Korean / Chinese origin, since there are different spellings of color meanings in proverbs. By studying color as an important category of cognition of the world, one can see how it affects people's social, religious, moral, emotional and interpersonal relationships. The work uses a descriptive method necessary for the classification and generalization of linguistic material, linguistic and cultural analysis to interpret the information obtained, revealing the mentality, traditions and customs of the people. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the systematic description and definition of the symbolism and meaning of color in culturally significant texts in the Korean language. The analysis of the color values "red" and "blue" in the Korean tradition, namely in the paremias, made it possible to identify their harmonious combination as one whole organism corresponding to the Yin –Yang system, as well as to highlight their contrasting position. This study reveals the peculiarities of the national linguistic picture in terms of reflecting the Korean people's ideas about color as a universal category, but having its own specifics. The results of this study will help to form a stable understanding of the mental beliefs that influence the scenario and mechanism of thinking, and as a result, the national culture, which determines the originality of the mental and linguistic organization of national consciousness.

The influence of anxiety on the structure of color associations

The subject of the study is the relationship between the level of anxiety and color associations with anthropologically significant concepts. The goal is an experimental test of the hypothesis that anxiety affects the structure, density and components of the color association system. The experiment involved 100 people (23 men and 77 women) aged 17 to 24 years (mean age 19.71, SD = 1.72). Their anxiety level was established using the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) as adapted by V. G. Norakidze. Depending on the total score on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, we formed 3 groups for participants with low, medium and high anxiety levels. The palette of the experiment included 9 color samples of the NCS natural color system, which were divided into "warm" and "cold". The participants compared the color samples of the palette with 26 anthropologically significant concepts. First, the experiment showed that the anxiety level related to the associative group of preferred colors: as the anxiety level increased, the number of "warm" colors significantly decreased, and "cold" ones increased. Second, in all three groups, "red" and "gray" associations dominated, the differences in the frequency of other selected hues, with the exception of red, blue-green and yellow-green, were quite weak. Third, a correlation between salient individual chromatic characteristics in the color association structure and the anxiety level was revealed: in groups with a higher anxiety level, we found a reduction in the number of connections and an increase in the dominance of individual associations. This study clarifies the relationship between the anxiety level and color cognition, primarily it concerns the color representation of a person’s own state and mood. The research can be continued through the study of other chromatic characteristics, cross-cultural and sociocultural specifics.

The feasibility study on the colorimetric measurement of pH under acidic conditions using pH indicator papers and image analysis

ABSTRACT This study investigates the colorimetric measurement of pH 1–3 using both RGB (red, green, and blue) and CMY (cyan, magenta, and yellow) color systems to address reliable pH measurement methods in aqueous solutions. The experiment utilized pH indicator papers to measure solutions with pH values ranging from 1 to 3. Six hundred measurements were taken for each pH level, and the resulting color changes were analyzed using a free image analysis software provided by the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. Key findings from the RGB analysis show that for pH 1, R values predominantly fell between 172 and 227, while at pH 3, R values significantly decreased to a range of 71 to 144. In the CMY analysis, cyan values were consistently zero across all pH levels, while magenta and yellow values exhibited varying distributions depending on the pH. The study revealed that the R value in the RGB system is particularly useful for distinguishing between pH 2 and 3, while the M value in the CMY system proved effective in differentiating between pH 1 and 2. These results demonstrate the potential of colorimetric analysis using both RGB and CMY systems as a simple, cost-effective, and reliable method for pH measurement.

The Effect of Hybrid Nano Addition on the Color Stability of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Silicone Material after Weathering

Abstract Background: Facial prostheses may get discolored and change color from intrinsic and extrinsic coloring due to external factors. This is related to the inherent color stability of elastomers and colorants. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of hybrid nano additives on the color stability of Tech-Sil25 room-temperature vulcanized silicones used for maxillofacial prosthesis after artificial weathering. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 samples were fabricated for fourteen groups. Seven groups contained 0.2 wt% burnt sienna, and another seven groups contained 0.2 wt% cobalt blue. The seven groups were the control groups. Each group consists of five samples. The samples were exposed to artificial weathering for 300 h. The CIELAB color system was used to record the color values. It aids in the numerical classification of color differences by describing the three color coordinates (or color values) x, y, and z in three unique corresponding values of L, a, and b, respectively. Results: Burnt sienna pigment samples with hybrid nano 1%NS+1%NA show the highest color stability, followed by 2% NS and 2% NA; the least color change was observed (ΔE* about = 1.1) by the visual system as the threshold was seen. The cobalt blue pigment shows the most significant color change. The color shift observed in all groups was within the clinically acceptable level. Conclusion: It can be concluded that a 2% hybrid nano additive can improve the color stability for both pigment groups (burnt sienna and cobalt blue). The variation in color in the burnt sienna group was less than that in the cobalt blue groups. The color change in each group came within an acceptable range for clinical purposes.

Environmental therapy: interface design strategies for color graphics to assist navigational tasks in patients with visuospatial disorders through an analytic hierarchy process based on CIE color perception.

Environmental therapy theory has been applied in the research of disease prevention, and the effectiveness of using color and graphic designs to assist patients with spatial orientation has been confirmed. Visual-spatial impairments are common symptoms associated with cognitive decline. However, the interaction and driving factors between these impairments and spatial color and graphic designs remain unclear. This paper first discusses the correlation between the characteristics of visual-spatial impairments and environmental factors and then investigates the color preferences of such patients based on the CIE 1976 color system and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Subsequently, the paper explores spatial design strategies conducive to spatial orientation from the perspective of adaptability to pathological characteristics, utilizing case study analysis. (1) Pathological characteristics of visual-spatial impairments (such as difficulties in spatial orientation and spatial neglect) are related to environmental factors; (2) Emotional attachment factors play a key role in patients' perception of satisfaction with environmental colors; (3) Color associations have the potential to strengthen spatial memory. Additionally, interface designs with high luminance, low saturation, and clear color differentiation facilitate patients' recognition of space. This paper posits that spatial interface design is a feasible approach to assist with spatial orientation, and it achieves this through a mediating process that progresses from influencing visual stimuli to cognitive memory and then to behavioral orientation. The article provides insights into the operational feasibility of this method.

Application of nano-TiO2 and micro-ZnO on cementitious surfaces for self-cleaning façades by spray coating and dip coating: A comparative study

Building façades are constantly exposed to atmospheric pollution and various external agents that can degrade their aesthetic qualities and introduce degradation patterns that affect the durability and performance of the materials. Façades with self-cleaning properties are important in the modern construction industry and the conservation of historic buildings, as they reduce costs and allow the preservation of original surfaces without the need for invasive interventions that could compromise cultural heritage. This study does a comparative analysis of the application of photocatalytic coatings composed of aqueous dispersions of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂) and zinc oxide microparticles (ZnO) on cementitious substrates for use on façades by two functionalisation methods: spray coating and dip coating. A comprehensive characterisation was carried out using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to assess the morphology, crystal structure and light absorption properties of the photocatalyst particles while Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to evaluate the substrate. The self-cleaning performance was evaluated by monitoring the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under simulated sunlight. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to assess the colour coordinates using a standard colour system (CIELAB colour space). The results showed that the photocatalytic coatings improved the surfaces' self-cleaning properties while maintaining the substrate's original aesthetics. Spray-applied micro-ZnO-based coatings showed the most significant effectiveness in terms of self-cleaning.

A comparative study of shade-matching performance using intraoral scanner, spectrophotometer, and visual assessment

This study aimed to explore the clinical applicability of the shade-matching function in intraoral scanners. This study measured the tooth colors of maxillary anterior dentitions of 83 adults using visual matching, a spectrophotometer, and a scanner according to two color systems: VITA Classical (VC) and VITA 3D-Master (V3D). Agreement between each method was assessed by weighted Cohen’s kappa coefficient (KW, α = 0.05). For V3D, the overall agreement between the scanner and spectrophotometer (KW = 0.498) was higher than that between the scanner and visual matching (KW = 0.473). Similarly, the agreement between the scanner and spectrophotometer (KW = 0.283) was higher than that between a scanner and visual matching (KW = 0.140) for VC. Regarding tooth position, the highest agreement between the scanner and spectrophotometer was observed on the right central incisor (KW = 0.542) for V3D. Tooth color measurement with a scanner was comparable to that with a spectrophotometer, especially on the central incisors when using the VITA 3D-Master system. A scanner could serve as an alternative to a spectrophotometer for shade selection. However, color matching should still be visually verified.

Nosological Pattern of Diseases Accompanied by Chronic Cough in Dogs

Introduction. A practicing veterinarian usually faces difficulties in both diagnosing and treating coughing in dogs. The unsolved problem in diagnosing entails doubts in the efficacy of the prescribed therapy. This is especially relevant for small dog breeds of middle and old age that often suffer from the chronic respiratory diseases and mitral insufficiency due to endocardiosis, and each of these diseases can lead to chronic cough. The aim of the research is to reveal the nosological pattern of the diseases accompanied by chronic cough in dogs.Materials and Methods. The research was based on the analysis of the medical records of 145 dogs with chronic cough that have attended to the network of veterinary clinics “Vita” (Rostov region) in the period from September 1, 2021 to July 31, 2024. The research was carried out using the following equipment: Karl Storz video bronchoscope (PAL colour system, working channel 2.3 mm, gaze direction 0°, aperture angle 120°, up/down deviation 180°/100°, depth of field 3–50 mm, working length 61 cm, outer diameter 6.2 mm); premium ultrasound scanner with improved image quality on the ZST+Mindray Vetus 9 platform; Maxivet 400 veterinary X-ray digital DR system; Poli-Spectrum–8/B computerassisted electrocardiograph; automatic hematology analyzer Idexx ProCyte Dx; automatic biochemistry analyzer Idexx Catalyst One; digital microscope Celestron.Results. The conducted research allowed us to find out the main causes of coughing in dogs. The most common cause of chronic cough found in these animals was chronic bronchitis, including that occurring simultaneously with the collapse of the upper respiratory tract. The rarest revealed cause of chronic cough was endocardiosis.Discussion and Conclusion. Coughing in dogs is not a characteristic sign of endocardiosis: even when the disease was clinically evident, coughing was observed only in the cases of lung congestion and interstitial pulmonary edema. As a rule, dogs with endocardiosis that have a pronounced loud cough intensifying after exertion, have a concomitant disease of the upper respiratory tract. Coughing in dogs with endocardiosis and upper respiratory tract lesion does not go away upon getting merely a specific endocardiosis treatment.