Abstract Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer death in China since the 1990s and the disease burden likely will increase. The US National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) showed a 16-20% mortality reduction in a high-risk population that had undergone Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT). China would like to confirm the main result from the US NLST in the Chinese population. The aim of this study is to obtain necessary information on performance of the organizations involved in designing, conducting, monitoring and managing the study. Another goal is to test colorectal cancer screening strategies in China. This is a first randomized trial on lung and colorectal cancer screening in China. The feasibility study will aid in the development of a practical design for the Randomized Cancer Screening Trial in China. This study has been carried out in three cites (Changsha city, Hunan province; Lanzhou city, Gansu province; and Haining city, Zhejiang province) since August, 2014. Individuals at elevated risk of lung cancer were randomized into three arms: annual low-dose helical CT exams for three years (T0, T1, T2) and baseline colonoscopy (T0); two low-dose helical CT exams (T0, T2) plus annual faecal immunochemical test (OC-faecal immunochemical tests at T0, T1, T2); and annual InSure-faecal immunochemical tests combined with Septin 9 test (T0, T1, T2). All participants will be followed for at least three years from randomization to yield data relevant to answering the study objectives. As of March 31, 2015, a total of 2696 eligible participants were enrolled at 3 cancer hospitals and randomly assigned to three study arms (894 in arm 1, 902 in arm 2, and 900 in arm 3). The gender distribution is 53% male and 47% female. Baseline characteristics of the study population by age, gender and total pack-year exposure were balanced. The rate of adherence to LDCT screening at the first round (T0) was 89.0%. 1598 participants received LDCT in the first round. The rate of abnormality was 77.4% with LDCT and 6.5% and 6.1% with suspicious for lung cancer for arm 1 and arm 2 respectively at T0. 2150 participants received colorectal cancer screening. The positivity was 34.1% with colonoscopy screening, 8.0% with OC-FIT test, 4.5% with InsureFIT test, and 5.8% with Septin9 test. Citation Format: Ping Hu, Min Dai, Jufang Shi, Jiansong Ren, Jiang Li, Xianzhen Liao, Lingbin Du, Yuqing Liu, Zhaoli Chen, Ning Wu, Qian Liu, Paul Pinsky, Philip Prorok, Richard Fagerstrom, Martina Taylor, Barnett Kramer, Jie He. The feasibility study of a randomized cancer screening trial in China. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1795.