Color Tone Research Articles

MM-NeRF: Multimodal-Guided 3D Multi-Style Transfer of Neural Radiance Field.

3D style transfer aims to generate stylized views of 3D scenes with specified styles, which requires high-quality generating and keeping multi-view consistency. Existing methods still suffer the challenges of high-quality stylization with texture details and stylization with multimodal guidance. In this paper, we reveal that the common training method of stylization with NeRF, which generates stylized multi-view supervision by 2D style transfer models, causes the same object in supervision to show various states (color tone, details, etc.) in different views, leading NeRF to tend to smooth the texture details, further resulting in low-quality rendering for 3D multi-style transfer. To tackle these problems, we propose a novel Multimodal-guided 3D Multi-style transfer of NeRF, termed MM-NeRF. First, MM-NeRF projects multimodal guidance into a unified space to keep the multimodal styles consistency and extracts multimodal features to guide the 3D stylization. Second, a novel multi-head learning scheme is proposed to relieve the difficulty of learning multi-style transfer, and a multi-view style consistent loss is proposed to track the inconsistency of multi-view supervision data. Finally, a novel incremental learning mechanism is proposed to generalize MM-NeRF to any new style with small costs. Extensive experiments on several real-world datasets show that MM-NeRF achieves high-quality 3D multi-style stylization with multimodal guidance, and keeps multi-view consistency and style consistency between multimodal guidance.

Tropical Wooded Peatland in Delta Amacuro State, Venezuela

Reconnaissance on edaphological and biological aspects was carried out in a peatland forest near the town of Piacoa in Delta Amacuro State, southeastern Venezuela. Thirteen peat samples were taken in a stratigraphic transect, using Ramsar peat extraction and analysis protocol to study tropical peatlands. Physicochemical parameters were characterized with basic laboratory analysis: color according to the Munsell scale, relative humidity, solubility in water, specific density, pH, conductivity, percentage of organic carbon and percentage of organic matter. Rapid ecological evaluation of vegetation and ichthyofauna associated with aquatic bodies was carried out. Part of a large extension of Orinoco peatlands in delta region, the study area is a marshy wetland which, according to the Ramsar classification, qualifies as forested peatlands (Xp category). Paleoclimatic, palynological and edaphological information in the literature indicates that the peatlands were formed during Holocene processes of marine transgression that occupied settling basins and lowlands where the vegetation was not very different from the current one. Samples collected at different depths (0 to 220cm) clearly show horizons with two color tones: one dark or black (associated with a good surface aeration), and a yellowish brown or brown, associated with an absence or little amount of oxygen as it goes deeper. The pH values decrease with depth (4.25 at the top and 3.9 or 3.5 at depth). The peat has a high water retention that ranges between 60% and 83%. Vegetation in the wetland is diverse: 31 species of plants within 14 families that include tree, shrub and hydrophilic grassland vegetation were identified. In associated water bodies, 41 species of fish grouped within 27 families were found

Utility of intraoral scanner imaging for dental plaque detection.

Oral hygiene, maintained through plaque control, helps prevent periodontal disease and dental caries. This study was conducted to examine the accuracy of plaque detection with an intraoral scanner (IOS) compared to images captured with an optical camera. To examine the effect of color tone, artificial tooth resin samples were stained red, blue, and green, after which images were acquired with a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera and an IOS device. Stained surface ratios were then determined and compared. Additionally, the deviation rate of the IOS relative to the DSLR camera was computed for each color. In the clinical study, following plaque staining with red disclosing solution, the staining was captured by the DSLR and IOS devices, and the stained area on each image was measured. The stained surface ratios did not differ significantly between DSLR and IOS images for any color group. Additionally, the deviation rate did not vary significantly across colors. In the clinical test, the stained plaque appeared slightly lighter in color, and the delineation of the stained areas less distinct, on the IOS compared to the DSLR images. However, the stained surface ratio was significantly higher in the IOS than in the DSLR group. When employing IOS with dental plaque staining, the impact of color was minimal, suggesting that the traditional red stain remains suitable for plaque detection. IOS images appeared relatively blurred and enlarged relative to the true state of the teeth, due to inferior sharpness compared to camera images.

Adsorption of oral antibacterial agents on zirconia surfaces with different crystal systems.

Zirconia ceramics are widely used as dental prosthetics owing to their high biocompatibility, excellent mechanical strength, and aesthetic properties similar to color tones of natural teeth. However, there exists a growing demand for the facile attachment of antibacterial properties in long-term dental restoration. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the adsorption ability of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and benzalkonium chloride (BKC)-quaternary amines widely used as antibacterial substances in commercial toothpaste and other oral care products-onto zirconia surfaces with tetragonal and monoclinic crystal structures. Although tetragonal zirconia has been widely used in dental prosthetic materials such as crowns etc., monoclinic zirconia has also been used under oral conditions because of long-term implantation. When antibacterial molecule loading on zirconia powders under simulated oral conditions, it was revealed that monoclinic zirconia adsorbed approximately five times more CPC and BKC per unit area compared with that of tetragonal zirconia. Moreover, in tetragonal zirconia, the adsorption amounts of both CPC and BKC increased slightly with growing Y2O3 content as a stabilizer. This phenomenon was attributable to the formation of complexes between rare earth elements (REE) such as Y2O3 in zirconia and quaternary amines such as CPC and BKC. In this study, the antibacterial molecular adsorption ability of dental zirconia was observed, and new advantages of zirconia in dental applications were discovered.

An uncommon early gastric cancer with enteroblastic differentiation.

A 73-year-old man with a 25-year history of liver cirrhosis has been treated for liver cancer for 13 years. His cancer is currently well-controlled, and his AFP is normal. The gastroscopy revealed a clearly-border whitish mucosa with a frost-like coating in the greater curvature of gastric body. Under magnification, the lesion revealed that the micro-structure(MS) of the mucosal surface are faintly discernible, with the marginal crypt epithelium(MCE) showing irregular and closely spaced villous projections. The color tone of the IIb region appears the same with the surrounding mucosa. The micro-vascular(MV) structure is invisible. The crystal violet staining reveals the presence of micro-structures. Considering early-stage lesions, we successfully performed ESD treatment. The final diagnosis was gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (tub2>por1). We did the mapping to better evaluate the lesion. The main lesion is located in the mucosal layer, with small foci-infiltrating into the submucosal layer to a depth of 196um. Pathology about specimen No.A7 showed biopsy position. The epithelial cells were cubic, the atypia was significant, and the cytoplasm was transparent and vacuole-like. Immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis of GAED. The additional surgery was recommended to reduce the risk of lymph node metastasis. However, the patient and their family refused it because of the complexity of the patient's condition. 14months after endoscopic treatment, there has been no recurrence of the lesion, and the patient is living well without any digestive discomfort.

Анализ эффективности нового способа выявления ахроматопсии

Aim: to assess the efficacy of a novel method for diagnosing achromatopsia. Patients and Methods: twenty patients with congenital achromatopsia established by genetic testing were enrolled. Sixteen (80%) patients were diagnosed with mutations in the CNGB3 gene and 4 (20%) patients were diagnosed with mutations in the CNGA3 gene. The control group 1 (with eye diseases) included 37 patients with congenital optic atrophy and 5 patients with oculocutaneous albinism. The control group 2 (without eye diseases) included 40 individuals. At the initial stage of the study, we compared the perception of brightness of chromatic and achromatic images in patients with achromatopsia. To this end, we employed our own images with specific characteristics of color tone, lightness (brightness), and saturation. The results of the first phase have demonstrated that for most patients with achromatop-sia, the lightest and least distinguishable images on a white background are blue. In light of this, we developed tests to detect achromatopsia (tests #1 and #2). Each test comprises four gray silhouette images (with a lightness of 80% for test #1 and 50% for test #2) and four blue images (R0/ G255/B255). For the blue images, saturation is maximal (S 100%) in both tests, while luminosity is L 80% for test #1 and L 50% for test #2. Results: all individuals in the control group 2, patients with optic atrophy and oculocutaneous albinism, were able to see all blue and gray images of both tests and easily identified the blue images corresponding to the gray (achromatic) ones. In the first test, 95% of patients with achromatopsia (n=19) were unable to see blue images or distinguish their shape from gray images. In contrast, all patients were able to distinguish the shape of gray images of the same lightness and specify them. In test #2 (L 50%), the majority of patients (n=13, 65%) exhibited difficulties with the shape of blue images. The remaining seven patients (35%) demonstrated the ability to name blue images and match them to gray images. Two of them were diagnosed with mutations in the CNGA3 gene, while five of them were diagnosed with mutations in the CNGB3 gene. Therefore, the cone system disorder in these patients was less severe than in the others. Conclusion: the achromatopsia test, developed on the basis of comparative analysis of perceived luminosity of chromatic and achromatic images, is simple and accessible. This test provides preliminary differential diagnosis with other eye diseases and determines the most appropriate strategy of further examinations to establish the diagnosis. KEYWORDS: achromatopsia, color vision, method to diagnose achromatopsia, color per-ception abnormality, monochromacy, color vision deficiency, color disfunction. FOR CITATION: Sukhanova N.V., Rychkova S.I., Likhvantseva V.G., Sandimirov R.I., Kadyshev V.V., Zinchenko R.A. Analyzing the efficacy of a novel method for detecting achromatopsia. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(2):49–54 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311- 7729-2024-24-2-1.

AnimeDiffusion: Anime Diffusion Colorization.

Being essential in animation creation, colorizing anime line drawings is usually a tedious and time-consuming manual task. Reference-based line drawing colorization provides an intuitive way to automatically colorize target line drawings using reference images. The prevailing approaches are based on generative adversarial networks (GANs), yet these methods still cannot generate high-quality results comparable to manually-colored ones. In this article, a new AnimeDiffusion approach is proposed via hybrid diffusions for the automatic colorization of anime face line drawings. This is the first attempt to utilize the diffusion model for reference-based colorization, which demands a high level of control over the image synthesis process. To do so, a hybrid end-to-end training strategy is designed, including phase 1 for training diffusion model with classifier-free guidance and phase 2 for efficiently updating color tone with a target reference colored image. The model learns denoising and structure-capturing ability in phase 1, and in phase 2, the model learns more accurate color information. Utilizing our hybrid training strategy, the network convergence speed is accelerated, and the colorization performance is improved. Our AnimeDiffusion generates colorization results with semantic correspondence and color consistency. In addition, the model has a certain generalization performance for line drawings of different line styles. To train and evaluate colorization methods, an anime face line drawing colorization benchmark dataset, containing 31,696 training data and 579 testing data, is introduced and shared. Extensive experiments and user studies have demonstrated that our proposed AnimeDiffusion outperforms state-of-the-art GAN-based methods and another diffusion-based model, both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Barriers and Solution Suggestions for Colour Blind People in Sports and Recreation

Color blindness is a disability that negatively affects human life and people with this disability are confronted in every aspect of life. Since this disease does not manifest itself physically, it cannot be perceived by healthy individuals and there is not enough awareness in societies to prevent this disability. It is important that activity areas and the objects used in these areas are adapted to color tones that color blind people can perceive. This deficiency is noticeable in many areas such as sports halls, sports competitions, recreational activity areas, TV and computers with visual interaction. The aim of this study is to pave the way for new studies by revealing the obstacles that colorblind individuals may encounter in sports competitions, passive and active recreation activities. In this study, which adopted a qualitative research design, document analysis was used as the data collection technique. Current approaches that can be applied are discussed in the light of literature information, and common problems encountered by colour-blind people and suggestions for solutions are presented. As a result, this situation has started to be taken into consideration in sports organizations in recent years and some steps have been taken in this regard, although not enough. In recreational activity areas, however, it is noticeable that this awareness is at a very low level.

John Fiske's Semiotic Analysis of Moral Education in “Budi Pekerti” Film

This study used qualitative research with John Fiske's semiotic approach. This research aimed to reveal the reality, representation, and ideology regarding moral education in the film by Wregas Bhanuteja entitled “Budi Pekerti”. The film had a high artistic aesthetic and was full of meaning. Film is an audio-visual media that combines both elements, namely narrative and cinematic. This study employed the semiotic method by John Fiske as the research method. The signs shown in this film pointed to moral education which was currently a crisis in Indonesia. Reality, representation, and ideology regarding moral education were conveyed through conversations, choice of color tones, settings, soundtracks, and scenes. The results of the study showed that the film depicted current reality especially regarding the moral values in the society in Indonesia context. This also showed how current development of information and technology has strong correlation with people’s behavior especially related to moral values.

Studi Aspek Healing Environment Dalam Desain Interior Kafe

Currently, the cafe is a place to relieve stress through a healing concept in its interior design. So, the cafe design must be as comfortable as possible to meet the concept goals. This research aims to determine user perception of the healing environment in a cafe environment based on three aspects (the five basic senses, user psychology, and indoor and outdoor natural elements) and was conducted using quantitative research methodology. Data retrieval was carried out through Google Forms media using closed-ended questions. The results proved that three aspects of the healing environment, including sensory, psychological, and natural aspects described in lighting, color tone selection, air, a good level of privacy, and the presence of plants, could help the healing process. If there is one aspect that is lacking, then visitors cannot feel healing. If a café wants to create a healing environment, then the three aspects (senses, psychological, and natural) must be fulfilled.

Sensitising natural wool with green and brown coffee using a facile extraction method to optimise dye process parameters

Green coffee powder is the raw powder of coffee cherries and all coffee’s potential components are held within this green powder. A new natural colourant was extracted from Green Coffee using water as an extractant. To obtain a green-colored solution, a specific amount of green coffee was mixed with distilled water and left for 24 h at room temperature. Furthermore, the colouring performance of extracted colour has been studied using the conventional exhaust dyeing method on wool fabric. Different parameters viz. concentration of Green coffee powder, the temperature of the dye bath, the period for immersion, and solution pH were made to set to obtain a fine tone of green colour. The dyeing parameters (amount of the coffee: 2 g, 100 °C, 70 min & 6.7 pH) were optimised and selected to draw a comparison with the conventional Brown coffee powder. In experiments on wool, this potential solution of Green coffee offered rich green hues with good tonal variation. In addition, the colour fastness to washing was found superior in the case of both Green and Brown coffee and colour fastness to light, rubbing as well as perspiration also showed good performance. In this study, our main focus was to obtain the true and fast green tone of the fabric using Green Coffee and compare it with brown coffee using the same conditions used for dyeing with green coffee. The application of these dyes as natural dyes results in obtaining innovative natural fast colour with remarkable dyeing properties and a new inclusion to the existing commercial spectra of natural dyes.

Core-attributes enhanced generative adversarial networks for robust image enhancement

Automated image enhancement algorithms have a profound impact on human life today. To solve the problems of luminance, lack of detail information, and overall color tone bias of images taken by mobile devices, a novel framework of core-attributes enhanced generative adversarial network (CAE-GAN) is designed to improve these core attributes of enhanced images. The generator in CAE-GAN mainly consists of a luminance correction encoder (LCE) and a high-frequency supplementary decoder (HFSD). To target the adaptive luminance improvement for each location, the encoder based on LCE is designed by combining the extracted prior knowledge of luminance. Meanwhile, a decoder based on HFSD is proposed to fill in missing edge details during the image reconstruction process. In addition, a multi-scale statistical characteristics distinction branch (MSCDB) is proposed to correct the overall tone. Moreover, an upgrade adversarial loss function is designed to focus on the discrimination of both multi-scale and multi-perspective. The generator and discriminator are iteratively trained under the constraints of the total loss function, resulting in the generator that automatically improves the visualization of the images. Extensive experiments have shown that our CAE-GAN is capable of achieving excellent results in several evaluation metrics and subjective results. The source code of the proposed CAE-GAN is available at https://github.com/SWU-CS-MediaLab/CAE-GAN.

(Digital Presentation) Synthesis and Characterization of Dispersed Zinc Oxide

Zinc oxide has the subject of numerous studies in recent years. Nearly half of the world's annual production of zinc oxide is used as an activator to speed up vulcanization in the rubber industry. It is also widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. It is most widely used in the chemical industry not only as a starting material, but also as a catalyst and chemisorbent. Recently, zinc oxide has been very often studied as an efficient photocatalyst in advanced oxidation processes. The cheapness and availability of zinc oxide makes it possible to use it also as a white pigment. White pigments make up more than 60% of all modern dyes. They are used for the manufacture of paints and varnishes not only white, but also other colors, as well as in the production of plastics, paper, building materials, ceramics, etc.Obtaining nanodispersed ZnO opens up additional possibilities for controlling its chemical and physical properties. Today, to obtain nanostructured ZnO, chemical deposition, synthesis in colloidal solutions, hydrothermal synthesis, laser vapor deposition, electrochemical deposition, thermal methods, electrochemical deposition, etc. are used. Promising technologies that make it possible to obtain disperse products are physicochemical methods, including those using contact nonequilibrium plasma (CNP).To form nanodispersed ZnO nanoparticles, we used CNP. This method is economically attractive due to the simplicity of the synthesis process (the temperature varies from room temperature to 50°C, the low cost of equipment and consumables) and the possibility of influencing the structural and morphological characteristics of NPs.Theoretical (Pourbaix diagrams) and experimental studies (cyclic voltammograms, potentiometry, kinetic dependences, X-ray phase analysis, derivatography, electron microscopy, spectroscopy) were carried out, which made it possible to establish the possibility of obtaining zinc oxide using CNP and investigate its properties.The results of X-ray diffraction analysis show that under these conditions, a precipitate of ZnO is formed. It was found that with an increase in rarefaction in the plasma-chemical reactor and a decrease in the interelectrode distance, an increase in the degree of conversion of zinc cations into insoluble compounds is observed. To increase the degree of conversion, the effect of organic compounds on the degree of conversion was also investigated. The addition of ethanol in the ratio 50-100 mmol/mol increases the product yield to 99.8% even in dilute solutions. Studies of color characteristics showed that the resulting precipitate has a CRC of 95%, a color purity value of 6%, and a color tone corresponding to a wavelength of 584 nm. The band gap was 3.1 eV.

Data Augmentation for Semantic Segmentation Using a Real Image Dataset Captured Around the Tsukuba City Hall

We are exploring the use of semantic scene understanding in autonomous navigation for the Tsukuba Challenge. However, manually creating a comprehensive dataset that covers various outdoor scenes with time and weather variations to ensure high accuracy in semantic segmentation is onerous. Therefore, we propose modifications to the model and backbone of semantic segmentation, along with data augmentation techniques. The data augmentation techniques, including the addition of virtual shadows, histogram matching, and style transformations, aim to improve the representation of variations in shadow presence and color tones. In our evaluation using images from the Tsukuba Challenge course, we achieved the highest accuracy by switching the model to PSPNet and changing the backbone to ResNeXt. Furthermore, the adaptation of shadow and histogram proved effective for critical classes in robot navigation, such as road, sidewalk, and terrain. In particular, the combination of histogram matching and shadow application demonstrated effectiveness for data not included in the base training dataset.

Analysis of the Similarities and Differences between The Assassin Nie Yinniang and the New Taiwanese Films

Director Hou Hsiao-Hsien's film The Assassin Nie Yinniang diverges from the conventions of the New Taiwanese Cinema movement, blending black and white with color tones to reflect the emotional and thematic nuances of its protagonist, Nie Yinniang. stands apart from typical martial arts films by de-emphasizing elaborate combat scenes and instead focusing on ambiance and an exploration of loneliness. The film depicts a journey of conflicting ideologies between righteousness and personal emotions, as Nie Yinniang transitions from an assassin adhering to Taoist teachings to a woman entangled in familial affections and personal values. While the film maintains technical elements and filming techniques characteristic of the New Taiwanese Cinema, its thematic divergence focusing on individual subjective expression sets it apart. Unlike the movement's societal reflections, the film delves into personal narrative, exploring the internal conflict of its central character amidst cultural and familial ties. The Assassin Nie Yinniang thereby embodies a unique departure from the thematic trajectory of the New Taiwanese Cinema while maintaining some of its stylistic elements.

Clinical usefulness of linked color imaging in identifying Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Accurate diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status is a crucial premise for eradication therapy, as well as evaluation of risk for gastric cancer. Recent progress on imaging enhancement endoscopy (IEE) made it possible to not only detect precancerous lesions and early gastrointestinal cancers but also to predict H. pylori infection in real time. As a novel IEE modality, linked color imaging (LCI) has exhibited its value on diagnosis of lesions of gastric mucosa through emphasizing minor differences of color tone. To compare the efficacy of LCI for H. pylori active infection vs conventional white light imaging (WLI). PubMed, Embase, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched up to the end of April 11, 2022. The random-effects model was adopted to calculate the diagnostic efficacy of LCI and WLI. The calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were performed; symmetric receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curves and the areas under the SROC curves were computed. Quality of the included studies was chosen to assess using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2 tool. Seven original studies were included in this study. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood rate, and negative likelihood rate of LCI for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection of gastric mucosa were 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-0.92], 0.82 (95%CI: 0.78-0.85), 4.71 (95%CI: 3.7-5.9), and 0.18 (95%CI: 0.10-0.31) respectively, with diagnostic odds ratio = 26 (95%CI: 13-52), SROC = 0.87 (95%CI: 0.84-0.90), which showed superiority of diagnostic efficacy compared to WLI. Our results showed LCI can improve efficacy of diagnosis on H. pylori infection, which represents a useful endoscopic evaluation modality for clinical practice.

Vidalı Sistem ile Fındık Yağı Ekstraksiyonunda Sıcaklığın Proses Verimi ve Yağ Rengi Üzerine Etkisi

This study was carried out in order to determine the color values of the oils obtained by the oil extraction machine at different temperatures, and the press and energy efficiency of the device. For this purpose, the oils were extracted from Giresun Quality (GQ) and Levant Quality (LQ) hazelnuts by pressing at 5 different temperatures (i.e. cold pressed, 50 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C and 200 °C). The color values of the obtained oils were measured with the HunterLab Color Flex EZ colorimeter device. According to the results, while the oil amount increased with an increase in temperature up to 100 °C in GQ, the extracting time decreased. For LQ, on the other hand, while the extracting time increased with the increase in temperature, the amount of oil obtained decreased. In terms of energy efficiency, the most suitable pressing temperature was determined as 100 oC for GQ and room temperature (20 0C) for LQ. Also, a significant decrease was observed in L* (brightness), b* (yellowness) and color intensity (C*) values with increasing temperature, and a serious color difference (ΔE) emerged in relation to this decrease. In addition, no significant change was observed in a* (redness) and H° (color tone) values (p>0.05). When the change of the efficiency of Giresun quality and Levant quality hazelnuts with temperature in the oil extraction process by the helix method was examined, different results were obtained. While the efficiency increased with higher temperature in Giresun quality hazelnuts, the efficiency increasement with temperature in Levant quality was not observed.

Identification of polymorphisms in TYRP1, DCT and RAB38 genes and their association with coat color in alpacas

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to characterize and investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or InDels in tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), and Ras-related protein 38 (RAB38) genes on coat color in South American camelids. TYRP1 is among one of the major regulators of pigmentation in mammals. DCT is a pigment cell-specific gene that plays an important role in the melanin synthesis pathway and the expression of skin color. RAB38 is involved in the transport of tyrosinase (TYR) and TYRP1, which are key enzymes in melanin production.MethodsFive fleece color tones from 327 alpacas (white, black, brown, gray and light fawn) were investigated to characterize and identify polymorphisms that play a role in coat color. Among the SNPs and Indels identified in the coding region, statistical analysis was performed to determine the association between the polymorphisms and fleece color in camelids, as well as the determination of allelic frequencies.ResultsTwenty two polymorphisms in the coding region, seven of them were nonsynonymous, eleven were synonymous, three located in the 5’UTR region and one deletion in the 3’UTR region were identified in the TYRP1 gene; in the DCT gene were identified twenty two polymorphisms, where five of them were non-synonymous, twelve were synonymous, one polymorphism in the 5’UTR region and four in the 3’UTR region; in adition, in the RAB38 gene six polymorphisms were identified, one was nonsynonymous, two were synonymous, in addition to three polymorphisms in the 3’UTR region were found in the RAB38 gene. There were low to moderate polymorphisms in the populations. Significant differences (P<0.001) were found with color fiber in the alpaca populations studied for TYRP1 and DCT genes.

A study on the demographic differences in visual impact assessments of the external space of electric vehicle battery swapping stations

The construction of electric vehicle (EV) battery swapping stations (BSS), which exerts an increasingly significant impact on urban landscapes. In addition, the external space of BSS is an important means to display corporate image and brand publicity. In this experiment, a sample of nine representative BSS in China, characterized by diverse architectural forms, was selected for the examination of their exterior spaces. The study focused on the physical factors of the BSS, specifically the exterior contour, number and position of entrances, façade material, height-width ratio of front elevation, logo area ratio, and hue as key factors under investigation. Meanwhile, five demographic features, namely, gender, age, education level, EV owner or potential owner, and income level, were set as variables to study the influence of the six physical factors of external space on people's visual impact assessment. The photo stimulation method was used in this experiment. The results show that the above six physical factors affect people's visual impact assessment of the external space of BSS, and people with different demographic features render different visual impact assessments. Therefore, we propose several design recommendations for BSS exterior spaces. In BSS exterior space design, greater consideration should be given to using vertical facade aspect ratios between 1/3 and 1/2, facades combining metal and glass, smaller logo area proportions, and designs combining warm and neutral color tones to meet the visual preferences of a broader audience. Different exterior design schemes should also be adopted when BSSs are targeted at different primary user groups.

Colour tone of retinal arterioles imaged with a colour scanning laser ophthalmoscope can be an indicator of systemic arterial stiffness

ObjectiveColour scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) offers several advantages, including improved image quality and better visualisation of the retinal structures compared with colour fundus photograph (CFP). This study aimed to identify...