Color Stability Test Research Articles

Effect of Immersion of Denture Base Thermoplastic Nylon in Alkaline Peroxide and 10% Castor Oil (Ricinus Communis Oil) on Color Stability and Flexural Strength

Discoloration and flexural strength of denture bases are important factors affecting the comfort and durability of denture users. This study aims to determine the effect of immersion of nylon thermoplastic denture base in alkaline peroxide solution and 10% castor oil (Ricinus Communis Oil) on color stability and flexural strength. This study used a laboratory experimental design with samples of cylindrical (20 x 2 mm) thermoplastic nylon resin for color stability test and rectangular (65 x 10 x 3 mm) for flexural strength test. There were two study groups: one control group and two treatment groups immersed in alkaline peroxide and 10% castor oil solution, with two time variables, 8 days and 12 days. The total number of samples was 60, with each group having 10 samples. The color stability test used a colorimeter, and the flexural strength test used a universal testing machine. The results showed that there was no effect of soaking the nylon thermoplastic denture base in alkaline peroxide on color stability, with a value of p = 0.412 for 8 days and p = 0.179 for 12 days. In addition, there was no effect of immersion in alkaline peroxide and 10% castor oil on flexural strength, with p value = 0.076 for 8 days and p = 0.917 for 12 days. The implication of this study is that immersion in alkaline peroxide and castor oil solution does not affect the color stability or flexural strength of nylon thermoplastic denture bases, making them safe for long-term use.

Denture base materials: An in vitro evaluation of the mechanical and color properties

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the physical and mechanical properties of four denture base materials: Polyan IC (PA), milled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), three-dimensional (3D)-printed resin (3DP), and SR Ivocap (SR). MethodsNinety-six samples were prepared and divided into four groups as follows. Group A consisted of 3DP (Asiga DentaBASE, Asiga) fabricated using a manufacturer-recommended 3D printer (Asiga Pro 4k, Asiga). Group B comprised milled PMMA (MP) (Ivotion Base, Ivoclar Vivadent). Group C included PA (BredentSenden), meanwhile, group D involved SR (Ivoclar VivadentSchaan). Cuboid samples (65 mm x 10 mm x 2.5 mm) were used for biaxial flexure strength testing in a universal testing machine (UTM). Cylindrical samples of 20 mm x 40 mm were used for compressive strength testing in a UTM. Additionally, cuboid samples (65 mm x 10 mm x 2.5 mm) were used for Vickers surface hardness testing in a microhardness tester. disk samples (10 mm x 2.5 mm) were employed for color stability testing both in a coffee solution and Coca-Cola, using a digital spectrophotometer. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc analysis (α=0.05). ResultsMP demonstrated superior compressive strength (p = 0.002) and color stability compared to that exhibited by 3DP (p < 0.001) while displaying similar flexure strength (p = 0.336) and hardness (p = 0.708). MP and PA displayed similar compressive strength (p = 0.081), flexure strength (p = 0.159), and color stability in coke (p = 0.071). However, MP had reduced hardness (p < 0.001) and color stability in coffee (p < 0.001). Moreover, MP demonstrated a higher compressive strength (p < 0.001) than that displayed by SR. However, the flexure strength, hardness, and color stability were similar (p > 0.05). Furthermore, 3DP exhibited comparable compressive strength (p = 0.334) to that of PA but demonstrated significantly lower flexure strength (p = 0.005), hardness (p < 0.001), and color stability (p < 0.001) compared to PA. In comparison to SR, PA had a higher compressive strength (p < 0.001), hardness (p = 0.001), and color stability in coffee (p < 0.001), although they demonstrated similar (p > 0.05) flexure strength and color stability in coke. ConclusionsThe MP and PA demonstrated superior compressive strength than that exhibited by the other materials tested. The tested materials had similar flexure strengths, except for PA which demonstrated superiority over the 3DP. Among all tested materials, PA exhibited the highest hardness, while the 3DP was the least color-stable. Clinical SignificanceConsidering the mechanical properties and color stability, Polyan and milled polymethylmethacrylate are preferred for complete denture fabrication. However, the limited repairability and complex handling of Polyan should be considered.

Smart nano-inks based on natural food colorant for screen-printing of dynamic shelf life of shrimp

Intelligent packaging embedded with food freshness indicators can monitor food quality and be deployed for food safety and cutting food waste. The innovative nano-inks for dynamic shelf-life printing based on natural food colorant with application in real-time monitoring of shrimp freshness were prepared. Co-assembly of saffron petal anthocyanin (SPA) with hydrophobic curcumin (Cur) into chitin nano-scaffold (particle sizes around 26 ± 8 nm) could deliver hindering SPA leaching, confirmed by FT-IR, FE-SEM, AFM, and color stability test. The best response to pH-sensitivity was found in a ratio of (1:4) Cur/SPA (30% (v/w) in ChNFs that was correlated with the chemical and microbial changes of shrimp during shrimp freshness. However, smart screen-printed inks signified higher responsiveness to pH changes than FFI films. Therefore, smart-printed indicators introduced the excellent potential for a short response time, easy, cost-effective, eco-friendly, co-assembly, great color stabilities, and lifetime for nondestructively freshness monitoring foods and supplements.

Tannin Extraction from Bark of Cinnamomum burmannii and Its Application for use as Natural Dye and as Antioxidant

Cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) contains tannins which have the potential to act as natural dyes. This research to synthesis natural dye from cinnamon bark extract (Cinnamomum burmannii). The research was carried out by making cinnamon bark extract with comparing the amount of solvent by maceration using 96% ethanol, calculating the yield, tannin analysis, FTIR analysis, and stability test color. The comparison of the amount of cinnamon bark extraction solvent affected the resulting yield. Testing the tannin compound with 1% gelatin reagent in 10% NaCl showed a white precipitate and 1% FeCl3 reagent produced a greenish-brown color so the extract was positive for tannin, analysis FTIR ratio 1:10 for the presence of O-H, C-H, C=C, C-O groups, ratio 1:15 for the presence of O-H, C-H, C=C, C-O group. The color stability test of cinnamon bark extract is more stable than Rhodamine-B. Based on the extraction results, it was concluded that cinnamon bark extract can be used as an alternative to natural dye in cosmetic products

A comparative evaluation of physical properties of CAD/CAM complete denture resins- an in vitro study

BackgroundIn dentistry, there is a growing preference for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems over traditional laboratory procedures. However, there is not much literature comparing various CAD/CAM materials. Thus, this study aimed to assess and compare the color stability and hardness of gingival and tooth colored milled and 3D-printed acrylic resins.Materials and methodsFour types of CAD/CAM materials were prepared: 3D-printed pink shade (PP), milled polymenthymethacrylate (PMMA) pink shade (MP), 3D-printed tooth shade (PT) and milled PMMA tooth shade (MT) (n = 6). For hardness, disc shaped samples of 15 mm × 2 mm and for color stability, bar shaped samples of 65mmx10mmx2.5 mm were prepared and polished. Vickers hardness test was performed in a microhardness tester. Color stability test was done by immersing in coffee solution and coca cola for 7 days. Day 0 and day 7 measurements were recorded using a digital spectrophotometer and the change in color was calculated. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests were done.ResultsFor color stability, milled PMMA was superior to 3D-printed resin samples. Milled pink and tooth shade samples had similar color stability, whereas 3D-printed tooth shade samples were more color stable as compared to pink shade 3D-printed samples. For hardness, milled tooth shade PMMA was the most superior one, followed by 3D-printed tooth shade, whereas pink shade milled PMMA and 3D-printed resin samples had similar hardness values and were inferior to the tooth shade CAD/CAM materials.ConclusionColor stability of milled PMMA is superior to that of 3D-printed resins. Hardness of tooth shade milled and 3D-printed resins is more than that of pink shade milled and 3D-printed resins.

Color Stability of Re-Injection Acetal Resin with Different Percentages or Several Times

Studies in a variety of scientific disciplines have experimented with various techniques for recycling and reusing the materials they utilize on a regular basis, in this study suggest to re cycling waste of acetal resin.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the color change of re-injection acetal resin with different percentages or several times.Material and Methods: Specimens were prepared with dimensions (20±1 mm in diameter x 0.5 mm in thickness) for color stability test and injection according to the manufacture’s instruction for acetal resin as denture base materials and aesthetic clasp. The first group represent control group with (100% New) and other five groups as experimental groups (group II, group III, and group III) with different percentages between new acetal materials and old acetal materials, while two last groups with several times (group IV and group V) only used old acetal materials. Preparation the ratio between the new material with the old material according to pilot study and the best ratio in this study is 25% new acetal material and 75% old acetal material (group II). The old material is preparation by acetal sprue is collected and cutting by cutter and re-injection with new acetal resin.Results: Statistically non-significant difference in color change in re-injection acetal resin, when comparing the control group with mean (1.046±0.094) and re-injection groups with means respectively (1.040 ±0.076,0.942±0.115,0.993±0.137, 0.978±0.060, and 0.970±0.098).Conclusion: Color change was statistically non-significant differences between all studied groups.

Does repeated autoclave sterilization cause changes in the color and fragility of fiberglass reinforced resin crowns?

BackgroundSince the effects of sterilization on the Fiberglass Reinforced Resin Crowns (FRRCs) is not well-known the aim of current study was to evaluate the effects of autoclave sterilization on the fracture resistance, color stability, and surface composition of FRRCs.MethodsA total of 48 crowns were used. The crowns were divided into three groups according to the sterilization number: no sterilization (Control Group), one sterilization (Group 1), and four sterilizations (Group 2). The microstructure of the three crowns from each group was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Thirteen FRRCs from each group were first used for color stability testing and then for the fracture resistance analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way repeated measures ANOVA, and paired t-tests were used in the statistical analysis.ResultsEDX results revealed that the weight% of surface silicon atoms in group 2 was significantly higher. Some crack lines could be observed on the SEM images. Statistically significant differences were found in color stability following the first and fourth sterilization cycles (p < .01). The increase in the sterilization cycle did not statistically decrease the fracture resistance of the FRRCs (p = .055); however, overall, a decreasing trend was observed in fracture resistance as the sterilization cycle increased.ConclusionsAutoclave sterilization caused some changes in the surface elemental composition and surface morphology of FRRCs. Avoiding unnecessary FRRC trials is important to reduce the number of sterilizations.

One Step Polishing System Difference on Bulk-Fill Composite Resin Microhardness, Surface Roughness, and Color Stability

Background: The polishing procedure was an important step in composite resin restoration as it reduces restoration surface roughness. Smooth and well-polished restoration surfaces can increase microhardness and minimize discoloration on the tooth surface. The study aims to examine the differences of one-step polishing systems on surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability of bulk-fill composite resin.&#x0D; Method: The samples were bulk-fill composite resin moulded with 4 mm of diameter and thickness (n=30) for microhardness (n=15) and surface roughness (n=15) test and moulded with 6 mm of diameter and 4 mm of thickness for color stability (n=15) test. The samples were divided into three groups consisting of 5 samples for each variable and were polished using PoGo, OptraPol, and OneGloss. Color stability test samples were immersed in tea solution for 7 days. Color stability measurement was done by comparing the results of color measurements using a spectrophotometer before and after immersion. Microhardness was tested using Vickers Microhardness Tester, while surface roughness was tested using the Stylus Profilometer Fowler Surfcorder SE1700.&#x0D; Result: The data analysis showed that PoGo produced the smoothest surface roughness significantly (p=0.006), the highest microhardness significantly (p=0.002), and the lowest color change significantly (p = 0.027)&#x0D; Conclusion: PoGo produced lowest surface roughness and color change, and highest microhardness compare with OptraPol and OneGloss.

Tribological, microhardness and color stability properties of a heat-cured acrylic resin denture base after reinforcement with different types of nanofiller particles.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is not an ideal material in all aspects, as it has poor mechanical and antimicrobial properties. The enhancement of the mechanical and physical features of PMMA-based material is highly required. The present study aimed to estimate the effect of adding different types of nanoparticle (NP) materials on the mechanical and physical features of heat-cured acrylic resin denture base material. A total of 120 samples were divided into 4 groups: the control group; the 5 wt% ZrO2 NPs group; the 5 wt% TiO2 NPs group; and the 5 wt% Ag NPs group. Each one was subdivided into 3 groups according to the test performed: the microhardness test; the abrasive wear test; and the color stability test. Then, the results of these tests were evaluated. The maximum mean value for the microhardness test was observed in the group treated with the addition of 5 wt% Ag NPs, followed by the 5 wt% ZrO2 NPs group, and finally the 5 wt% TiO2 NPs group. The lowest mean microhardness value was recorded for the control group. The maximum mean value for the abrasive wear test was attributed to the control group and the lowest mean value was related to the 5 wt% Ag NPs group. The maximum color change was noted in the 5 wt% Ag NPs group, followed by the 5 wt% ZrO2 NPs and 5 wt% TiO2 NPs groups. The lowest mean value for the color change was found in the control group. There was an increase in hardness and wear resistance in the group treated by adding 5 wt% Ag NPs, and the control group had the best color stability, followed by the 5 wt% TiO2 NPs group. However, a detrimental effect on color stability was observed when 5 wt% Ag NPs was added.

Karakteristik Uji Stabilitas Pigmen dan Antioksida Hasil Ekstraksi Pewarna Alami dari Kulit Buah Naga Merah

This article aims to determine the level of anthocyanins in natural colors derived from dragon fruit, especially on the skin. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with SPSS was used as the research method for this article, as well as two treatments, namely variations in solvent volume A and immersion time (B). Each treatment consisted of three levels and three repetitions, namely the first factor of variation in solvent volume (A) consisted of (A1) 0.29%, (A2) 0.432%, (A3) 0.576%. The second factor is the immersion time (B1) 42 hours, (B2) 48 hours, (B3) 72 hours. Extraction of anthocyanin pigment from red dragon fruit skin was carried out using maceration extraction. The test parameters in this study were the color stability test, anthocyanin content test and the yield of dragon fruit peel extract. The pH value was measured using a pocket pH meter. In this study, a spectrophotometer was used to determine the brightness level of anthocyanins. Measurement of the weight % yield of anthocyanin pigment was carried out using the yield formula below. The research results show; (1) the best treatment resulted in extraction using citric acid solvent: water which produced an absorbance of 0.479 – 0.439 at λmax 517 nm; (2) radar antioxidant activity in anthocyanins from dragon fruit peels of 76.71%; (3) the stability of anthocyanin dyes is stable at acidic pH from pH 2 – pH 5, at a temperature of 80˚C and the effect of long exposure to the lamp makes the anthocyanin dyes unstable; and (4) dragon fruit syrup was stable at almost the same pH of dragon fruit syrup without coloring and added dragon fruit syrup, namely 3.42 and 3.89.

Urang Aring (Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk) Leaf Extract as Natural Dyes for Making Pomade

Dyes have an important role in the industrial sector to increase consumer interest in a product. Urang aring is a plant with color pigments that can be used as natural dyes. This study aims to utilize urang aring leaf extract as a natural hair dye for the manufacture of pomade by producing the quality of pomade preparations according to standards. The research method was carried out experimentally including: determining the water content and ash content of urang aring leaves and optimizing the time of dye extraction and storage of urang aring leaf extract using a UV - Vis spectrophotometer, then making pomade based on the formulation of urang aring leaf extract and beeswax, namely: formulation I (3:3), II (5:3), and III (10:3). Pomade quality test includes: organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, freeze-thaw test, and color stability test against sunlight. Based on the results of the study, it was found that urang aring leaf extract can be used as a natural dye for the manufacture of pomade with formulation III which meets the standards in the pomade quality test because it has a soft dense texture, blackish green color, and has no odor with a pH of 6 which is ideal for hair. Pomade formulation III also has a texture that does not separate at extreme temperatures and good color stability under direct sunlight for 5 hours.

EFFECT OF MALTODEXTRIN CONCENTRATION ON ANTIOXIDANTS ACTIVITY AND STABILITY OF NATURAL COLORING POWDER OF SECANG WOOD (CAESALPINIA SAPPAN L) IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF PH AND TEMPERATURE

This research was aimed to determine the effect of different concentrations of maltodextrin on antioxidants and stability of the natural dye powder of sappan wood under various pH and temperature conditions. This study used a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and three replications. The treatments in this study were: A (addition maltodextrin 5%), B (addition maltodextrin 10%), C (addition maltodextrin 15%), D (addition maltodextrin 20%), and E (addition maltodextrin 25%). Before the drying process, maltodextrin was added to the sappan wood extract that had been created. Yield, color analysis, solubility test, color stability test based on pH and heating temperature fluctuations, water content, and antioxidant activity are among the observations made. The addition of maltodextrin had a substansial impact on yield, and color the addition of maltodextrin had a substantial impact on yield, color analysis, solubility, water content, and antioxidant activity, according to the findings. The best treatment in this study was treatment A (addition maltodextrin 5%) with the characteristics of yield 18.33,%, hue value in color analysis was 39,58%, with yellow red color, solubility 87,33%, water content 6,83, and 17,80 ppm antioxidant activity (strong category), as well as maltodextrin which was stable against various pH and temperature treatments.&#x0D; Keyword: sappan wood, maltodextrin, antioxidant activity, color stability.

The Effect of HPMC Concentration as a Gelling Agent on Color Stability of Copigmented Blush Gel Extract of Purple Sweet (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam.)

Purple sweet potato contains anthocyanin pigments that can be used as natural dyes. However, the use of anthocyanins as dyes has less stable properties. Anthocyanin stability can be increased by the addition of copigments. Copigment that can be used is apple extract at pH 4.6. In this study, a blush was made. One of the blush dosage forms that can be made is gel. Blush gel can provide a cool feeling, easy to wash, soft, and not sticky on the skin. In the creation of gels, the gelling agent is one of the components that affect the characteristics of gel preparations. HPMC is a gelling agent used in the manufacture of blush gel preparations. This study aims to determine the effect of increasing the concentration of HPMC as a gelling agent on the color stability of the copigmented purple sweet potato extract blush gel. The preparations were made in 3 formulas with varying concentrations of gelling agent (F1) 1%, (F2) 1.5%, and (F3) 2%. The evaluation carried out included testing the physical characteristics of the gel, namely organoleptic test, pH test, dispersion test, phase separation test, color stability test, and preference test. The results showed that the evaluation of blush gel preparations met the requirements of pharmaceutical standards with the pH test value of blush gel preparations being 4.72 to 5.84 and the spreadability test value being 5.26 cm to 6.48 cm. The results of the color stability test on the three formulas showed that there were significant differences. The increase in the concentration of HPMC as a gelling agent on the color stability of the copigmented purple sweet potato extract blush gel was unstable during 28 days of storage.

Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Krim Pewarna Rambut Dari Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Bit (Beta vulgaris L.)

The use of natural hair dyes is a solution to the problem of synthetic hair dyes. one of the plants such as beetroot contains a lot of secondary metabolites, one of which is flavonoids which can provide specific dyes. The natural color found in beetroot can be used as a natural dye in cosmetics. To find out at what concentration the beetroot produces the most optimal quality physical color of the hair dye preparation. This research method was carried out including making beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) ethanol extract by maceration for 5 days with 95% ethanol solvent and continued remeseration with the same solvent. The extract formula used was 10%, 15%, and 20% physical evaluation carried out included organoleptic test, irritation test, pH test, homogeneity test, stability test for washing, stability test for sunlight. As a result of inspection of the three hair dye cream formulations, the formulations met the requirements of the test formulations. The results of the hair tack test showed that it gave a good color at a density of 20% time. In the color stability test of the wash after 15 shampoo washes, all three formulations have a fixed color up to 9 washes. Also, in terms of color stability to sunlight, after exposure to direct sunlight, the color appears to change slightly, making the hair darker than before. The result of the concentration of beetroot ethanol extract that gives the best color is a concentration of 20%.

Effect of extraoral aging conditions on the color stability of high temperature vulcanizing and room temperature vulcanizing maxillofacial silicone elastomers: An in vitro study

Maxillofacial prostheses require enhancement or replacement due to deterioration in their color during their use. The major factors that affect the color of the prostheses are ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, temperature changes, and cleaning and handling by the patient. The aim of the study was to find the effect of extraoral aging conditions on the color stability of high temperature vulcanizing (HTV) and room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) maxillofacial silicone elastomers. Specimens of 25mm x3mm dimensions were fabricated in Techsil S25 HTV silicone and Factor II RTV silicones and processed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Eight groups with eleven specimens each were made. The color stability test was conducted with a Ultraviolet- visible (UV-VIS) spectrometer (Shimadzu) before and after exposure to outdoor weathering and disinfection. The results of the two groups were compared using independent t test. The results of the subgroups were compared with One way ANOVA test followed by Scheffe multiple comparison test. The average color change was found highest in subgroup 4(3.90) and least in subgroup 3(2.3) in HTV samples. The average color change was found highest in subgroup 1(2.70) and least in subgroup 2(1.78) in RTV samples. Color changes caused by HTV samples were significantly greater than that caused by RTV samples. Color changes caused in subgroups 2 and 4 between HTV and RTV samples were significantly greater than in the other groups. There were no significant differences in color change in other subgroups.

Copigmentation of Flavonoids of the Gadung Mango Bark (Mangifera Sp) as a Coloring Substance

Flavonoids are pigments in the gadung mango bark that produce a yellow color. The research on copigmentation of flavonoids from gadung mango bark (Mangifera sp) as coloring agents was carried out by the maceration method using 96% ethanol. The extract obtained was concentrated using a vacuum rotary evaporator at 40 oC. The study aimed to determine levels of flavonoids and stability of color gadung mango bark on the inner and outer of the result copigmentation as a coloring agent. Measurement of total flavonoid levels at a wavelength of 520 nm and 700 nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results of this study indicate that the total flavonoids levels in the inner and outer gadung mango bark samples were 0.162 mg/g and 0.359 mg/g, respectively. The color stability of flavonoids of the gadung mango bark inside and outside as the results of copigmentation was stable at the temperature 35 oC and the results obtained in the color stability test of the hero cloth through washing soap water was with a 0 day in 5 hours.

Optimization of Time, Temperature, and pH for the Extraction of Anthocyanin from Buni (Antidesma bunius) Fruit

The Box-Behnken design to find the optimum condition for anthocyanin extraction of Buni (Antidesma bunius) fruit powder was applied. Color intensity (CI), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA), total phenolic content (PC), and antioxidant activity (AA) were the parameters selected to express optimality resulted from the extraction process. The three studied factors were temperature (30-90oC), time (30-90 minutes), and pH of solvent (1-3). The extraction was conducted in a water bath shaker under no light by HCl-acidified water as a solvent with a 1:25 (w/v) powder to solvent ratio. The quadratic model described the effect of factors on CI, TMA, and AA of buni fruit extract, while the linear model suitable for the total phenolic content. All factors influenced the CI and TMA, but time was insignificant for PC and antioxidant activity (p &lt; 0.05). The optimum parameter for extraction was at 68oC for 30 minutes with pH 1 solvent. The 95% confidence interval of CI, TMA, PC, and AA were 40.29 ± 0.91, 555.17 ± 13.34 mg/l, 1084.4 66.845 ± 66.85 mg GAE/l, and 45.00 ± 2.56 % inhibition, respectively. The color and anthocyanin stability test showed that the extract was almost colorless at pH 5-6, but the anthocyanin was relatively stable with half-life 28 and 17.6 days, respectively. At pH 7-8 the stability of purple-blue color and anthocyanin of the extract was extremely low. The half-life of the color and anthocyanin was less than 2 and 10 hours, respectively.

Formulation of Blush Preparations by Using Natural Coloring from Red Beetroot Extract (&lt;i&gt;Beta vulgaris&lt;/i&gt; L.)

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) has compounds that can be used for body health, beauty skincare, food additives, and much more. This research was aimed to prepare the dry extract of beetroot and formulate it into a loose powder, compact powder, and cream. The preparation was started by adding 2, 4, or 6% of dry extract, then blending the pulp and drying the resultant residue using a freeze dryer. Testing on color homogeneity, polishing, breakage, pH stability, color stability, and the hedonic test was carried out to determine the product quality. The initial result of phytochemical screening showed it might contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids, and quinones. The color stability test performed at 30 °C showed that the cream was unstable while other forms showed fair stability at 8 °C. All dosage forms were homogeneous and could be applied easily. The breakage test showed no fractures. The pH remained stable for all formulas (between 3–5) after 28 days of storage. The color stability test showed that the significant discoloration only happened to the loose powder and cream. The hedonic test showed that the compact powder with a concentration of 6% was the most preferred formula by users.

FORMULASI KRIM PEWARNA RAMBUT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN HATI UNGU (Tradescantia pallida)

Hati ungu contain natural dyes derived from anthocyanins. Anthocyanin is a pigment that is classified into flavonoids which in general gives a specific color to plants. The natural color found in this purple liver plant can be used as a natural coloring agent in cosmetics. Hair dye cream preparations were chosen because they are popular and easy to use. The purpose of this study is to determine ethanol extracts of hati ungu can be made as a preparation for hair dye creams, and which formula gives the best color. The research method was carried out including making ethanol extract of hati ungu (Tradescantia pallida) by maceration using 96% ethanol.The results of research on 4 hair dye cream formulations, preparations met the test requirements. The results of the basting test on hair with a vulnerable time for 1-4 hours showed that at the fourth hour the results of hair coloring give a good color. In the color stability test of washing, after washing with shampoo fifteen times all four formulas have a fixed color up to 9 times washing. The results of color stability to sunlight show that after the hair is exposed to sunlight the color looks slightly changed, hair color becomes darker than before. From the results of the research the concentration of ethanol extract of hati ungu which gives the best purple color is ethanol extract cream of hati ungu 20%.

The effect of nano titanium oxide particle incorporation on characteristic of denture base material

State of problem: heat cure acrylic denture base material considers as the widely used type of material in complete denture construction but still need to improve its mechanical properties. The aim of the current work was to assess the result of incorporation of 3% wt of Titanium oxide Nano particles (silanized) on some characteristic of Polymethylmethacrylate denture base material. Materials & methods: 80 samples were constructed, 40 samples were constructed from heat cured PMMA had no incorporation (control) and 40 samples were constructed from heat cured acrylic by the incorporation of Titanium oxide Nanoparticle by probe ultrasonication apparatus. Each set of samples was distributed into four sub groups according to the examined test be accomplished. Results: the tensile strength and wettability were detected a highly significant increase by the adding of Titanium oxide Nano particles while no significant effect in porosity then color stability test. Conclusions: adding of 3% wt of TiO2Nano particles (silanized) to Polymethylmethacrylate denture base material increase the tensile strength and wettability of heat cured denture base material on the other hand this incorporation had no effect on porosity and color stability.