Color Stability Of Composite Resins Research Articles

Color Stability of Composite Resin after Immersion in Local Kashmiri Staining Solutions and Beverages

Color Stability of Composite Resin after Immersion in Local Kashmiri Staining Solutions and Beverages

The effect of preheating of composite resin on its color stability after immersion in tea and coffee solutions: An in-vitro study.

BackgroundOne of the concerns in using composite resins is color change. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preheating on color stability of composite resins when immersed in coffee and tea.Material and MethodsThis experimental study included 60 composite disks. The samples were divided into 2 groups, one group prepared at room temperature and the other prepared at 68 °C. After curing, the samples were placed in 37 °C distilled water for 24 hours. The color of the samples was measured (t0) using spectrophotometer according to CIE-L*a*b* system. The samples of each group were then divided into 3 subgroups and respectively immersed in distillated water, coffee and tea for 30 days and the final color (t1) was measured. The difference between the measured colors was calculated (∆E) and the results were analyzed using version 21.0 of SPSS software, Paired t-test, ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and Dunnett t-test.ResultsThe preheated composites showed significantly lower staining in the coffee solution than the room temperature composites (p<0.0001). In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed for the tea solution (p =0.317). The staining of the preheated composites in distillated water was higher than those in the room temperature, however, the difference was not significant (p =0.99).ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, preheating was effective to improve color stability of composite resin after long time immersion in coffee solution. Key words:Composite resin, color stability, preheating.

In Vitro Efficacy of Listerine Whitening Mouthwash for Color Recovery of Two Discolored Composite Resins.

Objectives:Color stability of composite resins has a significant role in their durability and clinical service. Considering the increasing use of composite resins and their gradual discoloration, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of Listerine whitening mouthwash for color recovery of two discolored composite resins.Materials and Methods:This in-vitro experimental study was performed on 20 samples fabricated of Filtek Z350XT (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) composite resins. Primary colorimetry was performed using a spectrophotometer. The samples were immersed in a coffee drink for 7 days. They were then immersed in Listerine mouthwash for 4 minutes daily for 56 days. After this period, the color change of composite resins was reevaluated. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test.Results:The primary color change of Z350XT after immersion in coffee was 1.6 times greater than that of IPS composite (P<0.0001). The color recovery of IPS and Z350XT after immersion in the mouthwash was 1.06±0.58 (P<0.01) and 2.58±1.65 (P<0.001) units, respectively. The color change of Z350XT after exposure to the mouthwash was 25% (1.4 times) greater than that of IPS (P<0.01).Conclusion:Both composite resins experienced a clinically unacceptable discoloration after exposure to coffee (ΔE>3.3). Filtek Z350XT showed greater color change than IPS. Use of Listerine whitening mouthwash caused significant color recovery in both composite resins.

Degree of Conversion, Translucency and Intrinsic Color Stability of Composites During Surface Modeling With Lubricants

The tackiness presented by resins brings inconveniences to the incremental technique, which can be improved by using lubricants in handling. Aim: To evaluate the influence of two adhesive systems as brush lubricants on the degree of conversion, translucency and intrinsic color stability of composite resins. Methods: Samples (n=10) were fabricated according to the composites (Filtek Z350 XT, IPS Empress Direct, and Esthet X HD), shades (bleach shade and A2), and lubricants used (Adper Single Bond 2, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose bonding agent, and no lubricant). Single composite increments were inserted into a Teflon mold. The composite surface was then modeled using a brush dipped in an adhesive system. The control group was fabricated with no additional modeling. The surface degree of conversion (DC) was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; translucency and intrinsic color stability were accessed using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (p&lt;0.05). Results: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose decreased the DC of all composites and shades in comparison with the control group (p&lt;0.05), although it did not decrease color stability (p&lt;0.05). The bleach shade of IPS Empress Direct and Esthet X HD showed higher translucency than the A2 shade when lubricated with the adhesive systems (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, the two tested adhesive systems used as brush lubricants on composites promoted changes to the surface degree of conversion and aesthetic properties.

Color stability of dental restorative materials submitted to cold temperatures for forensic purposes

In the post-mortem examination of the dental arches of accident victims in cold locations, dental restorative materials can be found. Cold temperatures can be capable of causing color changes of aesthetic materials, such as composite resin (CR) and glass ionomer cement (GIC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the cold action on the color stability of CR and GIC restorations, in order to discriminate them and enable the adequate comparison between antemortem and post-mortem data. Sixty bovine teeth (30 CR and 30 GIC) were prepared (6 × 6 × 2 mm) and separated into groups (n = 10). The color readouts were taken by a portable spectrophotometer, before and after of cold action (2.5 °C, −20 °C, −80 °C) inside of freezers. There were color alterations in the coordinates (ΔE, ΔL∗, Δa∗ e Δb∗) for both materials. The authors concluded that cold was capable of producing changes in color in the two esthetic materials, with similar intensities between the two, at all the temperatures studied, when analyzed at 7 days. After being submitted to cold for 30 days, the changes were more significant for CR, allowing it to be differentiated from GIC after 30 days, at all the temperatures tested. Therefore, the test proposed in the study was shown to be practical, feasible and capable of helping Forensic Odontology with the identification of victims.

Effect of Grape Derived Beverages in Colour Stability of Composite Resin Submitted to Different Finishing and Polishing Methods

Objective: To evaluate the influence of three methods of finishing and polishing on color stability of a microhybrid composite immersed in different beverages for 7, 15 and 30 days. Material and Methods: 90 samples were prepared and divided into three groups according to surface treatments (polyester matrix, aluminum oxide disc, sandpaper). The samples were divided for each group (n = 6) and immersed in one of the beverages: distilled water, red and white wine, red and white artificial grape juice. Pictures were taken at four time points: 0, 7, 15 and 30 days after contact with the dye. Color measurement was performed by computerized image analysis. La*b* values were obtained and color change (ΔE) was calculated. Results: Comparing beverages, red wine (ΔE =22.11±4.26) and red artificial grape juice (ΔE=8.24±1.70) showed greater color change in polyester matrix group, and finishing with aluminum oxide disc (ΔE=10.73±2.10) significantly prevent color change in red wine group. Conclusion: Aluminum oxide discs are the best option to minimize color changes in resin. White drinks are alternatives to color stability of composite resin. In the study time, composite resin demonstrated progressive discoloration when immersed in red wine and red juice. On the other hand, samples submitted to white beverages showed higher color stability.

The combined effect of food-simulating solutions, brushing and staining on color stability of composite resins

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of food-simulating media associated with brushing and coffee staining on color stability of different composite resins.Materials and methods: Eighty specimens were prepared for each composite: Grandio SO (Voco), Amaris (Voco), Filtek Z350XT (3M/ESPE), Filtek P90 (3M/ESPE). They were divided into four groups according to food-simulating media for 7 days: artificial saliva (control), heptane, citric acid and ethanol. The composite surface was submitted to 10,950 brushing cycles (200 g load) in an automatic toothbrushing machine. The specimens were darkened with coffee solution at 37 °C for 24 h. After each treatment, color measurements were assessed by spectrophotometry, using CIE L*a*b* system. The overall color change (ΔE) was determined for each specimen at baseline (C1) and after the treatments (food-simulating media immersion/C2, brushing/C3 and dye solution/C4). Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (p < .05).Results: The results of RM-ANOVA showed significant differences for composites (p = .001), time (p = .001) and chemical degradation (p = .002). The mean of ΔE for composites were: Z350XT (5.39)a, Amaris (3.89)b, Grandio (3.75)bc, P90 (3.36)c. According to food-simulating media: heptane (4.41)a, citric acid (4.24)a, ethanol (4.02)ab, artificial saliva (3.76)b. For the treatments: dye solution (4.53)a, brushing (4.26)a, after food-simulating media (3.52)b.Conclusions: The composite resin Filtek Z350XT showed significantly higher staining than all other composite resin tested. The immersion in heptane and citric acid produced the highest color alteration than other food-simulating media. The exposure of samples to brushing protocols and darkening in coffee solution resulted in significant color alteration of the composite resins.

Color Stability of Dental Restorative Materials Submitted to Heat Sources, for Forensic Purposes.

During postmortem examination of the dental arches of carbonized victims, dental restorative materials may be found. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat source action on the color stability of composite resin (CR) and glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations, to discriminate between them and compare with antemortem dental data. Sixty bovine teeth (30 CR and 30 GIC) were prepared (6 × 6 × 2 mm) and separated into groups (n = 10). The color readouts were taken by spectrophotometer, before and after heat action (100°C, 200°C, 300°C), in an oven for 15 min. There were color alterations for all coordinates (ΔE, ΔL*, Δa* eΔb*) for both materials. GIC presented greater change. The authors concluded that it is possible to distinguish between the materials by the color changes analyzed by instrumental method, helping victim identification.

Evaluation the Effect of Staining Agents on the Color Stability of Composite Resins that Polished at Different Interval Times (an in Vitro Study)

Aims: This study investigated the effect of polishing times (immediately, 1 hour and 24 hour after light curing) and staining solutions on the color stability of two composite resins. Materials and Methods: Nanocomposite (Filtek Z350) and microhybrid composite (Valux plus) were used. Sixty discs (8mm diameter×2mm height) were made for each composite, and divided into four groups: the first group was polished immediately after light curing; second group was polished after 1 h; third group was polished after 24 h of curing; and the fourth group was the control. Color was measured with spectrophotometer. After baseline color measurements, the specimens of each group divided into three subgroups; specimens of first subgroup were immersed in coffee; specimens of second subgroup were immersed in orange juice; specimens of third subgroup were immersed in distilled water, after 7 day of immersion, the color was measured again and ΔE were calculated. Statistical analysis: Two-way ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple Range test and t-test. Results: The influence of polishing times and staining solutions on color change was significant. Polishing 24 hours after curing presented lowest ΔE value. Coffee promoted more color change than orange juice and distilled water, Filtek Z350 showed lower ΔE than Valux plus. Conclusions: Immediate polishing negatively affect the color stability of composite resins, coffee had a significant influence on discoloration of composite resins. The nanocomposite showed higher color stability than microhybrid composite.

The effect of alcohol contained in mouthrinses on color stability of composite resinsKim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two commercially available mouthrinses (alcohol-free, alcohol contained) on the color stability of composite resins. Filtek Z350, Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350 flowable were tested. The specimens were stored in deionized water at 37℃ for 24 hours before test. The baseline color coordinates (L*a*b*) of each specimen were measured with a spectrophotometer according to the CIELab color scale. After baseline measurements, 3 randomly selected specimens from each group were immersed in 10 ㎖ alcohol-free mouthrinse, 4 specimens were immersed in 10 ㎖ mouthrinse 18.6% alcohol contained, and 3 specimens were immersed in 10 ㎖ DW as a control. Specimens were treated for 3 hours/day with mouthrinses then stored in the DW for 21 hours/day at every day for 20 days. Color change (ΔE*) was calculated after 1, 3, 10 and 20 days treatments. All specimen showed color changes after treatments in solution. There was not statistically significant difference among two mouthrinses and DW in discoloration of composite resins. In terms of comparison among the three composite resins, Filtek Z250 showed significantly less color change than the Z350 and Z350 flowable (p<0.05). There was not statistically significant difference between Z350 flowable and Z350 except for the alcohol-free mouthrinse. Effects of the mouthrinses on the color stability of the resin composites were not different from that of deionized water (p>0.05). All resin composites showed color change after immersion in the test solution, but microhybrid composite (Filtek Z250) was more color stable than nano composites (Z350 and Z350 flowable).

Effect of finishing and polishing on the color stability of a composite resin immersed in staining solutions

Objective: To evaluate the influence of finishing/polishing methods and staining solutions using different immersion periods on the color stability of a microhybrid composite resin. Materials and Methods: Ninety specimens were fabricated using a stainless steel mold and polyester strips. The samples were randomly divided into five groups according to the finishing and polishing performed: Control group (no surface treatment was performed), Diamond Pro group, Diamond burs group, Enhance group, and SiC paper group. After finishing and polishing, six samples from each group were immersed in coffee, red wine, or water for 30 days. The color measurements were obtained using digital photography before immersion and after 7, 15, and 30 days of immersion. The red, green, and blue values provided by the Adobe Photoshop software were converted into CIELab values. A three-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis (P ≤ 0.05). Results: The finishing and polishing methods, staining solutions, immersion times, and their interaction had statistically significant effects on the color change (P = 0.00). Coffee and red wine caused intense staining. Among the polishing methods, the highest color change value was observed in the control group (P < 0.05) and the Diamond Pro disks provided the most stain-resistant surfaces (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The finishing and polishing method, staining solution, and immersion time influences the color stability. Finishing and polishing should be applied to obtain a more stain-resistant surface.

Effect of immersion into solutions at various pH on the color stability of composite resins with different shades.

ObjectivesThis study examined the color changes of a resin composite with different shades upon exposure to water with different pH.Materials and MethodsNanohybrid resin composites (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) with four different shades (A2, A3, B1, and B2) were immersed in water with three different pH (pH 3, 6, and 9) for 14 day. The CIE L*a*b* color coordinates of the specimens were evaluated before and after immersion in the solutions. The color difference (ΔE*) and the translucency parameter (TP) were calculated using the color coordinates.ResultsΔE* ranged from 0.33 to 1.58, and the values were affected significantly by the pH. The specimens immersed in a pH 6 solution showed the highest ΔE* values (0.87 - 1.58). The specimens with a B1 shade showed the lowest ΔE* change compared to the other shades. TP ranged from 7.01 to 9.46 depending on the pH and resin shade. The TP difference between before and after immersion in the pH solutions was less than 1.0.ConclusionsThe resulting change of color of the tested specimens did not appear to be clinically problematic because the color difference was < 1.6 in the acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions regardless of the resin shade, i.e., the color change was imperceptible.

Effect of aggressive beverage on the color stability of different nano-hybrid resin based composite

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of different types of nano-hybrid resin based composite restorative materials upon exposure to aggressive staining solutions (coffee and tea) over time. The color of all specimens before and after storage in the solutions were measured by a spectrophotometer based on CIE Lab system that is recommended by the American Dental Association and the color differences thereby is calculated. Materials and Methods: The color differences of three nano-hybrid composites after immersion for 30 days in tea and coffee as aggressive beverage solutions. Results: Within the limitations of the study, Venus Diamond was found the most color stable in tea, while Ceram X was shown the most color stable in coffee. There were statistically significant differences between Filtek 350 XT in tea and coffee storage (P &lt; 0.005), but there weren′t statistically significant in tea and coffee in both Ceram X, and in Venus Diamond (P &gt; 0.005). Conclusion: Staining solutions are significant factors that affect color stability of composite resins.

Assessment of the effects of staining solutions, carbamide peroxide, and mouthwashes on color stability of composite resin

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the four staining solutions (SS) coffee (CF), grape juice (GJ), acai berry, and green tea, on color stability of four composite resin (CR) A (Amelogen Plus/Ultradent), F (Filtek Z350 XT/3M ESPE), C (Charisma Opal/Heraeus/Kulser, and G (Grandio SO/Voco GmbH) when submitted to surface treatments (ST) using the mouthwashes (MW) Listerine Whitening (J and J); plax whitening tartar control (Colgate) and Oral B Pro-health (Oral B), and bleaching agent (BA) - 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) (Opalescence PF 10% Regular/Ultradent Products Inc.). Materials and Methods: One hundred disks of each CR were made and distributed into subgroups: Control, MW, and BA. After ST, they were immersed into the SS (24 h). The specimens were submitted to three color measurements using a reflectance spectrophotometer (Konica Minolta). Results: The data were submitted to the statistical analysis using the ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (P < 0.05). The results showed that after ST, the CR of Group C presented higher mean color variation (MCV). The ST that showed the highest MCV was 10% CP after submitting the specimens to the SS. Group F showed the highest MCV. The ST that showed the highest MCV was Group Oral B and the SS with the highest MCV were GJ and CF. The CR influences color stability. The MWs increase susceptibility to staining of CR. All the SS influenced color stability of CR.

Effects of fibers on the color change and stability of resin composites after accelerated aging

Composite resins were reinforced with glass and polyethylene fibers in this study, and the effect of fiber reinforcement on the color change of composite resins was investigated. After accelerated aging, the effect of fiber reinforcement on the color stability of composite resins was also examined. There were three experimental groups (n=12 disks per group): non-fiber-reinforced composite (non-FRC control), polyethylene fiber (Ribbond-THM)-reinforced composite, and glass fiber (everstick NET)-reinforced composite. According to the critical remarks of color change of National Bureau of Standarts (NSB), glass fiber-reinforced anterior composites showed trace color change and polyethylene-fiber reinforced composites showed slight color change before accelerated aging. After accelerated aging, both control and fiber-reinforced composite groups showed noticeable color change. It was concluded that both the types of fiber reinforcement and composite resin influenced the color change of fiber-reinforced composite resins.

Color stability of composite resins used for ceramic veneers cementation

Color stability of composite resins used for ceramic veneers cementation

Effects of air-polishing powders on color stability of composite resins.

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different air-polishing powders on the color stability of different types of composite resin restorative materials. Material and methodsThirty cylindrical specimens (15×2 mm) were prepared for each of 7 composite resin restorative materials. All specimens were polished with a series of aluminum oxide polishing discs (Sof-Lex). The prepared specimens of each composite resin were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 specimens each, for control (Group-C) and two air-powder applications (Group-CP: Cavitron Prophy-Jet; Group-PS: Sirona ProSmile prophylaxis powder). A standard air-polishing unit (ProSmile Handly) was used. All specimens were air-powdered for 10 s at 4-bar pressure. The distance of the spray nosel from the specimens was approximately 10 mm and angulation of the nosel was 90º. Specimens were stored in 100 mL of coffee (Nescafe Classic) for 24 h at 37ºC. Color measurement of all specimens was recorded before and after exposure to staining agent with a colorimeter (Minolta CR-300). Color differences (∆E*) between the 2 color measurements (baseline and after 24 h storage) were calculated. The data were analyzed with a 2-way ANOVA test, and mean values were compared by the Tukey HSD test (p≤0.05). ResultsAccording to the 2-way ANOVA results, composite resin restorative materials, air-polishing powders, and their interaction were statistically significant (p<0.05) For Aelite Aesthetic Enemal, Filtek Z250, Grandio, CeramX Mono, and Quixfil composite resin restorative materials, no significant difference was observed between Group-PS and Group-CP (p>.05) and these groups demonstrated the highest ∆E* values. For Filtek Silorane and IntenS, the highest ∆E* values were observed in Group-PS. The lowest ∆E* values for all composite resin groups were observed in Group-C. When comparing the 7 composite resin restorative materials, Aelite Aesthetic Enemal demonstrated significantly less ∆E* values than the other composite resins tested. The highest ∆E* values were observed in Quixfil. ConclusionExcept for Quixfil, all control groups of composite resins that were polished Sof-Lex exhibited clinically acceptable ∆E values (<3.7). Air-polishing applications increased the color change for all composite resin restorative materials tested. Composite restorations may require re-polishing after air-polishing.

歯冠用硬質レジンのコーヒー液浸漬時の色調変化について

歯冠色補綴材料として硬質レジンは頻用されている. しかし, その色調安定性については満足のいくものではなく, 経時的に着色を来すことが知られている. 硬質レジンのこのような物性について知っておくことは, 臨床の場で実際に患者の口腔内にこれらの材料を適用している歯科医師や歯科技工士にとって非常に重要なことであり, 必要なことである. そこで, 本研究では市販されている5種類の歯冠用硬質レジンをコーヒー液に4週間浸漬し, 色調変化を比較検討した. その結果, 浸漬1週後からすべてのレジンに肉眼的に認識できる色調変化が観察された.

Effects of polishing procedures on color stability of composite resins

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different polishing methods on color stability of posterior, universal and nanohybrid composite resin restorative materials upon exposure to a staining agent. Twenty-five specimens were prepared for each of 5 different composite resins (Filtek Z250, Filtek P60, Quadrant LC, Grandio and Filtek Supreme). Specimens were divided into 5 groups and different polishing procedures, including polishing discs (Pd), polishing discs then diamond polishing paste (PdP), polishing discs then a liquid polishing system (Biscover) (PdB), and combinations of these (PdPB) were used. Unpolished specimens served as the control (C). The specimens were stored for 48 h in a coffee solution. The color of all specimens was measured before and after exposure with a colorimeter, and total color change ∆E*) were calculated. The data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA and the means were compared by Tukey HSD test (α=0.05). The lowest color difference was observed in the groups PdP and C, while the highest color difference was observed in PdPB, and PdB. When comparing the five different restorative materials, no significant difference was observed between FiltekP60 and FiltekZ250, and these materials demonstrated significantly less color change than Quadrant LC and the nanohybrid materials (Grandio, Filtek Supreme). The posterior (Filtek P60) and universal (Filtek Z250) composite resin restorative materials, which do not contain tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), were found to be less stainable than the nanohybrid (Grandio, Filtek Supreme) and universal (Quadrant LC) composite resins, which contain TEGDMA. The use of diamond polishing paste after polishing with polishing discs significantly decreased staining when compared to the groups that used polishing discs alone, for all restorative materials tested. The highest color change values were obtained for the specimens that were polished with the Biscover liquid polish system (PdB and PdPB groups).

Color change using HSB color system of dental resin composites immersed in different common Amazon region beverages

The purpose of this study is to evaluate in vitro the color stability of composite resins when exposed to beverages with high coloring contents from the Amazon region. 240 samples from four different composite brands (Natural Look, Z350, 4Seasons and Opallis) of hue A3 were fabricated using an acrylic matrix. The samples were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours. The initial color (T0) was registered using a Canon EOS Rebel XTi 10 mp camera, and then the samples were divided into four groups (n=15): G1 (coffee), G2 (açaí juice), G3 (energetic guaraná) and G4 (control - distilled water). The samples were exposed to solutions of DES (6hs) and RE (18hs) and placed in a double boiler under constant agitation, at 37ºC for 30 days. The samples were immersed in the coloring solutions for 15 minutes daily. After 7, 15 and 30 days, new photographic registers were made (T1, T2 and T3). The images were analyzed using Corel PHOTO-PAINT 12 software to identify the colors through the HSB system. The Kruskal-Wallis and t tests (p&lt;0.05) demonstrated significant differences in color (hue, saturation and brightness). The results revealed that none of the tested composites showed color stability when exposed to coloring solutions, and that the Amazon region beverages (açaí juice and energetic guaraná) showed to be less coloring than coffee.