Fabric Color Research Articles

Digitized Identification of Indigo Natural Dyeing on Batik and Non-Batik Fabrics

Natural coloring in textiles has regained favor as the sustainable fashion movement grows. Fabric colour digitisation can help with data inventory of natural dyed textiles because digital data could endure longer than physical sample artifacts. In this research, digitization was performed on standardized fabric samples: cotton fabric dyed with indigo natural dyestuff and processed with batik and non-batik treatment. Indigo dye is made from the indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria) and is fixed with quicklime (Calcium Oxide), which serves as both the initial and final mordant. Fabric dyeing was repeated three, six and nine times until the desired hue is reached. The final fabric samples were then scanned to produce discrete color values in RGB format. Color digitization of batik and non-batik fabrics produces content which can be used in digital mediums.

Optimization Analysis of Clothing Fabric Design Based on Autoencoder and Generative Adversarial Neural Network

In order to meet the challenges of increasingly diverse clothing styles and consumer demands in the market, traditional fabric design methods have become difficult to meet the needs of rapid iteration and innovation due to their time-consuming, costly, and subjective preferences of designers. In view of this, we propose an innovative fabric design optimization simulation strategy aimed at breaking through these bottlenecks through technological means. This strategy cleverly integrates advanced technologies of variational autoencoder (VAE) and generative adversarial network (GAN). First, VAE is used to capture and learn the complex distribution characteristics of existing clothing fabric designs, which include key information such as fabric texture, color matching, and structural details. Subsequently, GAN uses the hidden vectors obtained from VAE as input to generate brand new fabric design samples. During the training phase, GAN continuously iterates and optimizes, engaging in intense “adversarial” interactions between its generator and discriminator. The generator is dedicated to creating new samples that are as close to real fabric designs as possible, while the discriminator is responsible for identifying the authenticity of these samples. This process is implemented through backpropagation (BP) loss function, ensuring that the generated fabric design can visually simulate real fabrics. Experimental verification shows that this method can not only effectively generate high-quality and realistic clothing fabric designs, but also greatly shorten the design cycle and reduce costs.

Synergetic construction of color and multifunction for sustainable lyocell fabric by Coptis chinensis and BTCA

In the context of escalating standards of living, the demand for healthy and multifunctional textiles is increasing. As a kind of cellulose macromolecular-based material, lyocell fiber has low carbon, is environmentally friendly, and demonstrates superb performance. The utilization of some Chinese herb dyes solves the pollution problem in the color and functionality construction of lyocell fabric by synthetic dyes and finishing agents. However, problems such as low dye utilization rate, light apparent color, and weak functionality of dyed fabrics remain, thus limiting the further application of the powerful combination of lyocell fabric and Chinese herb dyes. Here, a color and multifunction construction method of lyocell fabric with Coptis chinensis and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid was proposed. Under the optimal color construction condition, the color depth increased remarkably, and the dye exhaustion rate of the modified fabric enhanced by 332.3 % compared with the unmodified one. The multifunction construction imparted outstanding fuzz and pilling inhibition, fibrillation resistance, and antiwrinkle performance for lyocell fabrics. Moreover, the dyed lyocell fabric exhibited considerable UV protective activity and antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus. This work provided an efficient color and multifunction construction technology for lyocell fabric with high value added.

Biodecolorization of Azo Dye by Bacteria Alcaligenes faecalis Sub Sp. Phenolicus Isolated from a Bark-Beetle Tunnel Developed in Peltophorum Pterocarpum Plant

This study assessed the decolorization of reactive red 120 (RR120) by Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus strain isolated from the bark borer insect (Indarbela tetraonis) tunnel developed in Peltophorum pterocarpum. The optimal parameters for the dye of decolorization 0.1 mg/L of dye were pH 7, temperature 35°C, fructose (0.4% w/v) as the carbon supply (0.4% w/v), peptone (0.2% w/v) as the nitrogen source (0.4% w/v), 12 hours of static conditions, and 0.3 ml of inoculums. Cell suspension, sodium alginate (3%, w/v), and PVA (5%, w/v) immobilized cell beads (10 beads 0.5 mm in size) were used in the batch continuous reactor for complete bio-decolorization of RR120. The batch reactor was subjected to 5 cycles of batches for 3 days of constant use. Under optimal conditions, the batch mode achieved more than 99% dye decolorization and fabric color removal in less than 48 hours of contact. When the control and dye-decolorized media were analyzed using UV spectroscopy, the absorbance of the control medium was higher than that of the decolorized media. GC-MS and FTIR analysis revealed the basic compounds and functional groups of the parent RR120 dye. This strain decolored 76.51% of AB 113, 96.8% of orange II, 98.47% of congo red, 98.3% of RR120, 97.92% of phenol red individual dyes, and 94.72% of the dye mixture at 12 hours. A. faecalis subsp. Phenolicus strains produced positive results in the qualitative analytical test of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) production. The RR120 was decolorized in the presence of heavy metal ions by A. faecalis sub-sp. Phenolicus bacteria.

Dyeing with Natural Colorants

This paper explores the use of dyeing with natural dyes in research, as well as a tool for retaining normality of life in crisis situations. Nowadays craftsmanship skills, and especially traditional crafts can double as a research object and a research tool. Dyeing fabrics with natural dyes is a traditional crafts skill which entails a high potential for creativity, and which is still practised in Latvia today. In the past, this skill often became a creative way for retaining the quality of daily life during wars and other crisis situations. Nowadays natural dyeing is not only a means of creative self-expression through traditional crafts, but the process also helps to study the value of colours, through understanding the complexity or simplicity of obtaining a particular colour, as well as the resulting colour palette, etc. The author of this paper has used her dyeing skills in researching various ethnographic sources from the 18th – 20th centuries. Dyeing experiments help to adequately assess descriptions of fabric colours in written sources from various historical periods, and to interpret historical guides about ancient dyeing techniques and methods.

An eco-friendly approach of preparation electric-driven thermochromic fabrics based on foam finishing

The novel strategy to endow Janus fabric with double-sided dual functions based on foam finishing was reported, which is an energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly method. The wet-state foam infiltration mechanism on the fabric surface was investigated, and the stability of the foam in solution was analysed in relation to surface tension and viscosity, as well as the loading capacity of the functional particles and the effect on fabric properties. And the controlled discoloration Janus fabric, driving by voltage, has been successfully created. The fabric shows remarkable electrothermal color-changing properties and wearability, and can be self-supplied with Joule heat to meet the demand of color change at any time: the temperature of the Janus fabric rapidly increases from room temperature to over 53.6 °C in 15 s at the applied voltage of 8 V, and the fabric temperature can be adjusted in the range of 20–62.5±3℃ at the voltage of 0–8 V. The fabric color can be transformed from blue to white within 6 s, and it can restore the color after 10 s of power off. Besides, the Janus fabric has excellent flexibility and resistance to heating fatigue, which can withstand 1000 bending cycles, and it was found that the Janus fabric has excellent temperature and color stability after 300 heating/cooling cycles and 6 hours of continuous energization. Compared to conventional finishing, the foam-finished Janus fabric not only possesses greater air permeability and handling properties, but also more energy savings. The experimental results show that the study of foam finishing is useful for expanding the application of surface science in fabric performance enhancement and provides a valuable reference for the green and smart development of textiles.

The effect of weighting on the color appearance of dyed silk fabric

The weighting process may change the color appearance of silk. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of weighting with methyl methacrylate (MMA) on the color appearance of silk fabric using the response surface method. For this purpose, a CCD design was used to investigate the effect of methyl methacrylate monomer concentration and dye concentration on color appearance and percentage of weight gain of silk fabric. Analysis of variance, response surface, and contour plots of the colorimetric characteristics of the weighted silk fabric show that the methyl methacrylate concentration has a significant effect on color parameters such as L*, a*, b*, C*, and hue angle of the weighted silk fabric. The results indicate that the weighting process changes the color of silk fabric.

Improved coloration of hemp fabrics via low-pressure argon plasma assisted surface modification

Interest in hemp as a viable cellulosic fibre for clothing has increased, driven partly by its economic benefits and the importance of natural renewable materials in emerging circular economies. However, the coloration and chemical finishing of lignocellulosic fibres such as hemp typically require large quantities of water and chemicals. Argon plasma pretreatment provides a way of modulating the physical properties of hemp fibres to improve the coloration process without compromising other bulk properties such as tensile strength. Such plasma treatments may contribute to alleviating the negative environmental impacts associated with liquid pretreatments, heating, or the use of auxiliary chemicals. Dyeing of hemp fibres is particularly challenging due to its crystalline chemical structure. In this study, low-pressure argon plasma-assisted surface modification of woven hemp fabrics up to 600 s at 40 and 80 Hz was explored for enhanced dyeability, resulting in enhanced dye-fibre bonding. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy of argon plasma pretreated hemp fabrics produced no noticeable changes in the functional groups of the fibres, but a physiochemical modification was observed in terms of the density of polar groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed marked morphological changes including nano-etching of the fibre surface at certain argon plasma process conditions. The pretreatment process increased fibre hydrophilicity, and enhanced reactivity of the surficial –OH groups towards fibre-reactive and vat dyes, resulting in higher colour strength in dyed woven hemp fabrics. Overall, we envisage such plasma pretreatments may impact positively on the material and energy efficiency of the hemp fabric dyeing process.

Functional dyeing of cellulose macromolecule/synthetic fibers two-component fabrics with sustainable microbial prodigiosins

As an important cellulose macromolecular-based material, cotton/polyamide and cotton/polyester fabrics are widely utilized in the textile and garment field due to their combination of the advantages of both cotton and synthetic fibers, such as excellent breathability, hygroscopicity, and abrasion performance. However, the synthetic dyes used in fabric coloration are derived from non-renewable resources, and the long-time dyeing procedure poses large pollution problems. Herein, microbial prodigiosins fermented by Serratia marcescens were employed for cotton/polyamide and cotton/polyester fabric dyeing and functionalizing. The results demonstrated that the prodigiosins suspension exhibited outstanding stability. Synthetic fibers contributed significantly to the overall color of fabrics and provided good dimensional stability and durability. In contrast, cotton fibers imparted relatively lighter color but played an essential role in enhancing the softness and comfort of fabrics. The dyed fabrics presented bright overall color light with good uniformity. Furthermore, the antibacterial rates of the dyed cotton/polyamide and cotton/polyester fabrics were 87.31 % and 89.70 %, respectively. The UPF values of the dyed cotton/polyamide and cotton/polyester fabrics were recorded as 52.3 and 93.5, respectively. This study provided a novel approach for cleaner functional dyeing of cotton/synthetic fiber two-component fabrics using prodigiosins.

Coloration and Functionalization of Mulberry Silk Fabrics with Laccase-Catalyzed Oxidation Products of Catechin and Gallic Acid

Coloration and Functionalization of Mulberry Silk Fabrics with Laccase-Catalyzed Oxidation Products of Catechin and Gallic Acid

Antimicrobial printed linen fabric by using brewer’s yeast enzyme

BackgroundIn this research, a brewer’s yeast suspension was used to biotreat raw linen fibers under a range of different circumstances utilizing an ultrasonic cleaner device. In order to optimize circumstances for the treatment process, this extensive work is focused on examining the variables that could affect the biotreatment, such as the amount of brewer’s yeast used, the duration, the temperature of the treatment, and the pH throughout the treatment. After enzymatic treatment, the printing process utilizing turmeric natural dye was used. Variable assesses were conducted to determine the steaming time, thermofixation time, pH of the printing paste, types of dyes, and types of fabrics. How these elements affected the wettability and fabric color strength is investigated. To better comprehend, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of treated and untreated linen samples. The effects of treating the fibers with yeast enzyme on their multifunctional qualities, such as color and antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcusaureus and gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, were assessed.ResultsResults demonstrated that the enzyme extract, which predominantly contains lipase, amylase, and protease enzymes that develop the fabric printability, is responsible for the increase of color strength which increased by about 152.27% with good fastness properties compared by the untreated printed samples.ConclusionsThe overall findings showed that the treated fabrics have superior color fastness and antibacterial properties when compared to the untreated fabrics, demonstrating that the procedure of production used to create these multifunctional linen fabrics is environmentally friendly.

Enzymatic coloration of wool fabrics and its comparison with conventional dyeing

Enzymatic coloration of wool fabrics and its comparison with conventional dyeing

Sustainable coloration of cotton fabrics in the recycled residual dyeing liquor

To achieve the recycling of water and inorganic salts from residual dyeing liquor, the advanced oxidation treatment of residual liquor from cotton fabric dyeing was investigated using sodium persulfate. The feasibility and theory of sustainable reactive dyeing were confirmed by C.I. Reactive Red 218. The appropriate conditions were 0.3 g L−1 of sodium persulfate and treatment at 85 °C for 30 min, which resulted in a decolorization of 98.3%. The quasi-secondary kinetic relationship does not alter in the reused dyeing liquor. The half-dyeing time is reduced by 46.3% and the diffusion coefficient is 1.78 times higher than that of conventional dyeing. For sustainable dyeing, dye uptake increases as the number of cycles increases, the color strength consistently matched or exceeded that of the conventional process. The reduction of about 80% water and inorganic salt can be achieved by using the developed dyeing process, fulfilling the requirements of sustainable cleaner production and a circular economy.

Enhanced coloration and functionality of wool fabric by Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin coated magnetic nanoparticles

The functionality and excellent low temperature dyeability of wool fabrics play a crucial role in expanding their potential applications in the fields of healthcare and technical textiles. The study proposes a highly effective modification method to impart coloration enhancement and functionality for wool fibers using lipoic acid (LA) as a coupling agent to bind hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) capped magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4). The structure and morphology of the modified wool fabrics (MWF) were characterized by various measure techniques including FT-ATR, FE-SEM/EDS, XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results demonstrated the successful immobilization of HP-β-CD capped Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the surface of wool fibers through LA. The MWF exhibited enhanced wettability, anti-wrinkle performance, improved UV resistance, effective antioxidation, and good antibacterial effect against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus). These properties were found to be dosage-dependent on LA. In addition, the dyed MWF with Curcumin and Acid red 1 demonstrated higher color strength compared to untreated wool, and the color strength (K/S value) reached to 17.1 and 23.4 respectively when using 4% (o.w.f) dye concentration at 80℃ without any pH adjustment. Furthermore, the dyed MWF with both dyes exhibited the improved rubbing and washing colorfastness. This study presents a potential effective approach for enhancement in the bio-functionality and dyeability of wool fabrics.

Fabric defect detection based on feature enhancement and complementary neighboring information

Abstract Fabric defect detection is a crucial aspect of quality control in the textile industry. Given the complexities of fabric backgrounds, the high similarity between patterned backgrounds and defects, and the variety of defect scales, we propose a fabric defect detection method based on feature enhancement and complementary neighboring information . The core of this method lies in two main components: the feature enhancement module and the neighboring information complementation strategy. The feature enhancement module includes two sub-modules: similarity feature enhancement(SFE) and edge detail feature enhancement(EDFE). The SFE aims to capture the similarities between features to strengthen the distinction between defects and complex backgrounds, thereby highlighting the correlations among defects and the differences between defects and the background. The EDFE focuses on improving the network's ability to capture the edge details of fabrics, preventing edge information from becoming blurred or lost due to deeper network layers. The neighboring information complementation strategy consists of shallow-level information complementation(SLIC) and top-down information fusion complementation(TDIFC). The SLIC integrates newly introduced shallow features with neighboring features that have a smaller semantic gap, injecting richer detail information into the network. The TDIFC adaptively guides the interaction of information between adjacent feature maps, effectively aggregating multi-scale features to ensure information complementarity between features of different scales. Additionally, to further optimize model performance, we introduced partial convolution(PConv) in the backbone of the feature extraction network. PConv reduces redundant computations and decreases the model's parameter count. Experimental results show that our proposed method achieved an mAP@50 of 82.4%, which is a 6.6% improvement over the baseline model YOLOv8s. The average inference frame rate reached 61.8 FPS, meeting the real-time detection requirements for fabric defects. Moreover, the model demonstrated good generalization capabilities, effectively adapting to detecting defects in different types and colors of fabrics.

Mixtures of Natural Functional Dyes in Finishing and Coloration of Natural Fabrics

Mixtures of Natural Functional Dyes in Finishing and Coloration of Natural Fabrics

High-performance color and fluorescence switching of cotton fabrics via light-induced proton transfer strategy of spiropyran sulfonate molecule

Light-responsive color-switching materials have garnered persistent interest recently due to their passive response to external stimuli and manifestation of notable visual color variations. Nonetheless, their development into high-end products has been hindered by unsatisfactory overall performance, characterized by challenges such as the inability to combine color contrast and retention time, poor repeatability, and reliance on a single coloring mode. Herein, we present a negative photochromic cotton fabric (NPCF) capable of real-time dual output of optical signals (color change or fluorescence emission), featuring high color contrast and resolution, excellent reversibility, and facile multicolor printing. These attributes stem from the utilization of a unique photoinduced proton transfer (PPT) strategy exhibited by the designed and synthesized spiropyran sulfonate molecule (MC-NO2). Guided by this strategy, NPCF demonstrates significant color changes and fluorescence switching in a real-time and highly reversible manner, leveraging the remote non-contact and non-destructive nature of visible light. Moreover, direct blending of MC-NO2 with commercially available water-soluble non-stimuli-responsive dyes enables customization of various photosensitive color systems for straightforward multi-color printing, aligning well with the environmental principles of green printing. This study serves as a valuable reference for the advancement and design of diverse high-performance, switchable materials suitable for the production of high-end products.

Coloration and functionalization of silk fabric based on silver nanoparticles green synthesized from chitosan

This research develops a novel route for the coloration of silk fabric with green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using chitosan as a natural eco-friendly reducing agent. The formation of AgNPs was characterized by the appearance of LSPR absorption peak at 414–448 nm. Based on a TEM image of spherical particles dominated at a particle size between 5 and 10 nm. The zeta potential shows that the AgNPs synthesized from the chitosan are highly stable. The deposition of AgNPs on the silk fabric surface was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The coloration and fastness properties of fabric were found to be significantly improved, a result related to the surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. The antibacterial properties of the fabric were also found to be excellent, as a more than 87% bacterial reduction was noticed even after 20 washing cycles. Overall, this silk coloration using green nanoparticles can contribute to the low-cost production of multifunctional textiles.

Structural Colored Fabric Based on Monodisperse Cu2O Microspheres.

Structural-colored fabrics have been attracting much attention due to their eco-friendliness, dyelessness, and anti-fading properties. Monodisperse microspheres of metal, metal oxide, and semiconductors are promising materials for creating photonic crystals and structural colors owing to their high refractive indices. Herein, Cu2O microspheres were prepared by a two-step reduction method at room temperature; the size of Cu2O microspheres was controlled by changing the molar ratio of citrate to Cu2+; and the size of Cu2O microspheres was tuned from 275 nm to 190 nm. The Cu2O microsphere dispersions were prepared with the monodispersity of Cu2O microspheres. Furthermore, the effect of the concentration of Cu2O microsphere and poly(butyl acrylate) on the structural color was also evaluated. Finally, the stability of the structural color against friction and bending was also tested. The results demonstrated that the different structural colors of fabrics were achieved by adjusting the size of the Cu2O microsphere, and the color fastness of the structural color was improved by using poly(butyl acrylate) as the adhesive.

Evaluation of Hypochlorite Concentration in Household Bleaches as Colour Removal Agent on Coloured Cotton Fabrics

Bleaches are known to remove stains from fabric. This study evaluates chlorine-based household bleaches as effective fabric colour removal agents and was conducted in the Chemistry and Textile laboratories of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta using experimental design. Five common household bleaches were collected from markets in study areas. The concentrations of Sodium hypochlorite in each bleach sample as indicated by the manufacturer were: A (3.85%), B (3.5%), C (not available), D (4.3%) and E (5.3%). To confirm the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in each bleach sample, Redox titration was conducted. One-minute Spot Test was used to determine the time taken for each bleach sample to remove colour (black, brown, navy blue, purple and army-green) from fabrics samples and similar test conducted with pure sodium hypochlorite (7.21% Chlorine) as control. The L*a*b* values for fabric colour change were obtained from images of the fabric samples using Fiji-Image J and Corel Photo-Paint 17. The laboratory analysis and evaluation revealed the concentration of hypochlorite in the bleaches samples as A: 0.36% (3.56 g/dm3), B: 3.5% (34.00g/dm3), C: 1.15% (11.48g/dm3), D: 4.29% (42.92g/dm3), and E: 0.06% (0.57g/dm3); therefore, established the information on bleaches B and D product package. The average time (seconds) to remove colour from fabric samples by bleach samples were A- 80.37; B- 19.60; C- 30.36; D- 20.10; E- no vivid colour change after 120.00 sec while colour change was obtained 7.00 sec by the control. Furthermore, Image J analysis and L*a*b* values show colour changes on fabric samples with Bleach B ((x ̅= 75.74) and D ((x) ̅= 61.22) most effective in colour removals. In conclusion, Chlorine base household bleaches containing above 1.0% V/v hypochlorite are suitable colour removal agents on coloured fabrics and not stain removals only. Consumers must be careful how to handle Chlorine household bleaches and coloured fabrics