Color Graphics Research Articles

Letter from the Editor in Chief.

Twenty years ago, I presented a new vision for medical publishing. The Heart Surgery Forum was inaugurated in August of 1995 as a multimedia scientific publication communicating over the new "Information Highway" known as the graphical Web. In the early days of HTML and HTTP, new ideas could evolve and disseminate quickly to a community that spanned the globe. The HSF began as a "Labor of Love" for my profession and my colleagues as a dynamic tool for the betterment of themselves and their patients. Included in the original HSF Web site was a novel means to present interesting cases using color photos, movies, text and graphics, which was groundbreaking in 1995.

Challenges in the Integration of Multimedia by History Teachers in the North West Province of South Africa

ABSTRACTToday’s learners are born into a multimedia world and feel quite comfortable in an electronic learning environment. The high-quality sound, realistic colour images, graphics, narrations, real-time recordings and full motion videos from multimedia, which are integrated in History lessons, are what the learners of today want and need in their learning. In the study on which this article is based, efforts were made to determine the extent to which Intermediate Phase History teachers (Grade 4-6) of schools in the townships and rural areas in and around the Klerksdorp, Rustenburg and Vryburg districts of the North West Province of South Africa were willing to utilise multimedia in their History (Social Science) lessons. The challenges these History teachers experienced when they were faced with the application of multimedia in their lessons are also highlighted. In the last part of the article recommendations are made to serve as future suggestions for History teachers to apply multimedia in the teaching of the subject.

Pore networks subjected to variable connectivity and geometrical restrictions: A simulation employing a multicore system

Pore networks considering variable connectivity and geometrical restrictions among voids of assorted sizes are simulated using an 8-multicore computing system. The topology of the resulting networks is visualized in terms of the sizes and connectivity of the pores through color graphics. Results allow the calculation of percolation thresholds, correlation lengths among pores, fractal dimensions of percolation clusters, and conditional probabilities among connected pore sizes. Besides, it is possible to observe disconnected pore islands of different sizes, depending on the structural correlation among pores.

GAME EDUKASI TEBAK GAMBAR BENDERA NEGARA MENGGUNAKAN METODE LINEAR CONGRUENTIAL GENERATOR (LCG) BERBASIS ANDROID

The game is one of the entertainment media is the choice of children to relieve boredom or just for leisure. This game is not a means of entertainment, but it is a lesson to improve child development. This guessing game played in the form of image display using the following image is not moving so that the game felt static and monotonous. The development of the view of the games that begin to move with color graphics from the original form of dimensional approach. The games that will be made an interactive game. This is an interactive multimedia game with a controller that can be managed by the user, so the user can select any subsequent process of desired remedy, not menoton accompanied by images, sounds and features that attract so this game will be of interest to the game players have a number of criteria one of which is the educational game. Educational game that digital games designed for educational enrichment (support teaching and learning), using interactive multimedia technology and is expected to enhance learning to identify different countries flags. Applications developed flag game that has 10 levels of difficulty depending on each level, using a system based on Android Eclipse indigo are guessing. In the method of randomization flag was linear congruential generator (LCG). Linear congruential generator (LCG) is used to generate random numbers with uniform distribution, in the form of randomization in the state flag, the game design is intended to recognize the various state flag and its benefits for children to practice the logic ( analysis), training capacity spancial (intelligence picture), and the ability to read the game guess the state flag image, for parents like to give attention, accompanying them and monitor the child's development in the game

Ecology and Evolution in an Open World (or: why supplementary data are evil).

Ecology and Evolution in an Open World (or: why supplementary data are evil).

A Review on Advanced Mechanism in Learning and Recognition of Ops from Weakly Labeled Street View Images

Mobile phones are powerful image and video processing device containing the other various features like high-resolution cameras, display color, and hardware-accelerated graphics. The various applications give rise to a key technique of daily life visual object recognition. On premise sign is a popular form of commercial advertising, widely used in our daily life. The OPSs containing visual diversity associate with complex environmental conditions. Observing that, todays in most of existing image data set OPSs characteristics are lacking. In this, first proposed an OPS-62 data set, in which totally 4649 OPS images of 62 different businesses are collected from Googles Street View. For addressing the problem of real-world OPS learning and recognition, was developed a probabilistic framework based on the distributional clustering, in order to exploit the distributional information of each visual feature. Learning OPS images for more accurate recognitions and less false alarms. Main approach is simple, linear, and can be executed in a parallel fashion, making it practical and scalable for large scale multimedia applications.

Parallel Rendering for Legible Illustrative Visualizations of Dense Geometries on Commodity CPUs

This paper presents a parallel visualization technique for illustrative rendering of dense three-dimensional (3D) geometry data sets. Our approach maps the depth information in each geometry onto various visual dimensions of graphical representations, including shape, color, brightness, transparency, and size, to achieve legible display in dense geometry environments where visual clutters often hinder perception and navigation in the visualizations. At the same time, we leverage legacy CPU computing power to overcome performance challenges as a result of the depth-dependent illustrations used for the visual legibility enhancement. This is realized by a novel parallel rendering algorithm we developed particularly for illustrative visualizations of depth-dependent stylized dense geometries at interactive frame rates. While the computation could be performed atop modern GPU devices, we target a parallel visualization framework that enables it to efficiently run on commodity CPUs, which are much more available than GPUs for ordinary users. We evaluated our framework with visualizations of depth-stylized geometries derived from 3D diffusion tensor MRI data, by comparing its efficiency with several other alternative parallelization platforms with respect to the same computations. Results show that our approach can efficiently render highly dense 3D geometry data sets and, thus, it offers not only an alternative and complementary, but also more adoptable, solution to users in contrast to parallel visualization environments that rely on GPUs.

Book Review: American Civil War: A State-by-State Encyclopedia

Obviously there is no shortage of available resources on the American Civil War. Nor is there a shortage of encyclopedias covering this seminal event from numerous perspectives and vantage points. However, there are not many sources looking specifically at the war from a state-by-state viewpoint. Two separate books with the same title have covered this territory previously. The Civil War State by State by Paul Brewer (Thunder Bay 2004), and more recently, Chester G. Hearn’s unrelated work by the same name (BlueRedPress 2013) take the state approach. However, neither work is nearly as in-depth and detailed as this new release edited by the senior fellow in military history at ABC-CLIO, who has authored or edited a long list of military history books and encyclopedias. Also, the previous editions mentioned have a great emphasis on color graphics and appealing layout, and are not intended as a starting point for scholarly research. This latest release, however, is clearly focused on providing historical background information while also pointing the user to further research and analysis by way of Further Reading lists and a “Select Bibliography.”

Hannah, L.2014. Climate Change Biology. Academic Press, ISBN 978‐0‐124‐20218‐4. 470 pp, $101 (Hardback)

Hannah, L.2014. Climate Change Biology. Academic Press, ISBN 978‐0‐124‐20218‐4. 470 pp, $101 (Hardback)

A Call for Considering Color Vision Deficiency When Creating Graphics for Psychology Reports

ABSTRACTAlthough color vision deficiency (CVD) is fairly common, it is often not adequately considered when data is presented in color graphics. This study found that CVD tends to be mentioned neither in the author guidelines of psychology journals nor in the standard publication manuals of the field (e.g., the publication manuals of the American Psychological Association and the American Medical Association). To illustrate the relevance of this problem, a panel of scholars with CVD was used to evaluate the color figures in three respected psychological science journals. Results suggested that a substantial proportion of those figures were needlessly confusing for viewers with CVD and could have been easily improved through simple adjustments. Based on prior literature and on feedback from the panelists, recommendations are made for improving the accessibility of graphics in psychology reports.

Wrist Pulse Acquisition and Recording System

Wrist pulse signals provide rich amount of information for the health diagnosis. Traditional practitioner following Ayurveda (Ancient Indian Medicine) measures radial pulse signals using three fingers at three distinct radial pulse points identified as Vata, Pitta and Kapha and indentifies the abnormal health status accordingly. This method of diagnosis requires several years of experience. Being subjective in its nature, this approach depends upon the perception of individual practitioner as well. Hence a wrist pulse monitoring and recording system is essential to provide objectivity in measurement and to take the benefits of this ancient approach of diagnosis. This work focuses on the design and development of a novel wrist pulse acquisition and recording system. In this proposed system, three channel wrist pulse signals are acquired using pressure sensor. Signal conditioning circuit is implemented to amplify and filter the wrist pulse signals. Advance microcontroller having ARM Cortex M4 architecture is used for digitization of signals. These digitized signals are displayed on graphic color LCD for real time monitoring. Touch interface is also included for zoom-out or zoom-in purpose. Recording of the signals is done on micro SD memory card for off line processing and analysis. This system can be used for better understanding of wrist pulse signals and to train Ayurvedic practitioner for the observation of pulse signal. General Terms Biomedical Instrument, Pulse Diagnosis, Signal Acquisition, Signal Recording

Supercritical CO2 for color graphic dyeing: Theoretical insight and experimental verification

A novel theory for graphic dyeing is proposed using supercritical CO2 fluid. Different dyes with different diffusion and anti-dyeing effect are used in experiment. The paper concludes that dyes? mixing ratio has the greatest influence on the color graphics dyeing. The temperature can be used to adjust the dyeing process.

HeatmapGenerator: high performance RNAseq and microarray visualization software suite to examine differential gene expression levels using an R and C++ hybrid computational pipeline.

BackgroundThe graphical visualization of gene expression data using heatmaps has become an integral component of modern-day medical research. Heatmaps are used extensively to plot quantitative differences in gene expression levels, such as those measured with RNAseq and microarray experiments, to provide qualitative large-scale views of the transcriptonomic landscape. Creating high-quality heatmaps is a computationally intensive task, often requiring considerable programming experience, particularly for customizing features to a specific dataset at hand.MethodsSoftware to create publication-quality heatmaps is developed with the R programming language, C++ programming language, and OpenGL application programming interface (API) to create industry-grade high performance graphics.ResultsWe create a graphical user interface (GUI) software package called HeatmapGenerator for Windows OS and Mac OS X as an intuitive, user-friendly alternative to researchers with minimal prior coding experience to allow them to create publication-quality heatmaps using R graphics without sacrificing their desired level of customization. The simplicity of HeatmapGenerator is that it only requires the user to upload a preformatted input file and download the publicly available R software language, among a few other operating system-specific requirements. Advanced features such as color, text labels, scaling, legend construction, and even database storage can be easily customized with no prior programming knowledge.ConclusionWe provide an intuitive and user-friendly software package, HeatmapGenerator, to create high-quality, customizable heatmaps generated using the high-resolution color graphics capabilities of R. The software is available for Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS X. HeatmapGenerator is released under the GNU General Public License and publicly available at: http://sourceforge.net/projects/heatmapgenerator/. The Mac OS X direct download is available at: http://sourceforge.net/projects/heatmapgenerator/files/HeatmapGenerator_MAC_OSX.tar.gz/download. The Windows OS direct download is available at: http://sourceforge.net/projects/heatmapgenerator/files/HeatmapGenerator_WINDOWS.zip/download.

The Design and Development of Apparel Fabric in Thin Jacquard Trim Process

In modern society,apparel has become an essential article of utility and art supplies of human life.The paper will be developed thin fabric as a starting point, from graphic design, color matching, expand exploration and research materials materials, production processes, etc., to follow the laws of aesthetics, focusing on the use of jacquard trim process, designed to meet the development trend of clothing jacquard fabric with a thin new products.

Gestión de marca e identidad en la televisión pública. Análisis de Canal Encuentro, Argentina

El artículo propone un abordaje integral de la gestión de marca e identidad del canal argentino Encuentro a partir del análisis de su estrategia de marketing, en un intento de determinar los vínculos que el Canal ha establecido con su audiencia y con las nuevas tecnologías. El marco de referencia se apoya en el concepto de marketing cultural (Gómez Ramírez, 2007; Amado & Bongiovanni, 2005), considerado en el contexto de una política pública de comunicación. En el desarrollo del estudio se cruzan las herramientas de sistematización propuestas por el análisis de la gestión de marca e identidad corporativa, con las usadas para caracterizar los nuevos hábitos de las audiencias y la emergencia de múltiples pantallas. Se incluye en ese proceso el análisis de producción, programación, audiencias, explotación comercial y gestión de marca de Encuentro. En paralelo, se complementa el diagnóstico con el visionado de artísticas de apertura televisiva y campañas institucionales, a fin de establecer parámetros comunes en las paletas de colores, gráficas y tipografías.

基于NiosII的液晶屏控制器SOPC设计

In order to realize SOPC controller design on TFT-LCD,IP core of TFT-LCD controller based on Nios II was designed by FPGA-EP4CE6F17C8and Verilog language.TFT-LCD controller was consisted of the Nios II soft-core processor,SDRAM controller,JTAG UART,LCD controller,Avalon bus for a full-color AT070TN84 TFT-LCD.Nios II soft-core processor was designed as core,IP cores such as SDRAM controller,TFT-LCD controller were connected to Nios II by Avalon bus,IP core design of TFT-LCD controller was mainly completed by such modules as the Avalon bus interface module,DMA module,FIFO module and the timing generator module. The color graphics display control wtih 800×480resolution,16bit color depth was achieved.Display experiment showed it was of stable,clear images,rich colors,no splash screen,wrong line and other phenomena,good visual effect.Design was of good configurability,reusability and portability.Practice proved that the SOPC design was effective.The design principle,control system simulation and experiment method,process were presented in the paper,relevant links of IP controller core design was mainly focused on at the same time.

Computer graphics: principles and practice

1. Introduction. Image Processing as Picture Analysis. The Advantages of Interactive Graphics. Representative Uses of Computer Graphics. Classification of Applications. Development of Hardware and Software for Computer Graphics. Conceptual Framework for Interactive Graphics. 2. Programming in the Simple Raster Graphics Package (SRGP)/. Drawing with SRGP/. Basic Interaction Handling/. Raster Graphics Features/. Limitations of SRGP/. 3. Basic Raster Graphics Algorithms for Drawing 2d Primitives. Overview. Scan Converting Lines. Scan Converting Circles. Scan Convertiing Ellipses. Filling Rectangles. Fillign Polygons. Filling Ellipse Arcs. Pattern Filling. Thick Primiives. Line Style and Pen Style. Clipping in a Raster World. Clipping Lines. Clipping Circles and Ellipses. Clipping Polygons. Generating Characters. SRGP_copyPixel. Antialiasing. 4. Graphics Hardware. Hardcopy Technologies. Display Technologies. Raster-Scan Display Systems. The Video Controller. Random-Scan Display Processor. Input Devices for Operator Interaction. Image Scanners. 5. Geometrical Transformations. 2D Transformations. Homogeneous Coordinates and Matrix Representation of 2D Transformations. Composition of 2D Transformations. The Window-to-Viewport Transformation. Efficiency. Matrix Representation of 3D Transformations. Composition of 3D Transformations. Transformations as a Change in Coordinate System. 6. Viewing in 3D. Projections. Specifying an Arbitrary 3D View. Examples of 3D Viewing. The Mathematics of Planar Geometric Projections. Implementing Planar Geometric Projections. Coordinate Systems. 7. Object Hierarchy and Simple PHIGS (SPHIGS). Geometric Modeling. Characteristics of Retained-Mode Graphics Packages. Defining and Displaying Structures. Modeling Transformations. Hierarchical Structure Networks. Matrix Composition in Display Traversal. Appearance-Attribute Handling in Hierarchy. Screen Updating and Rendering Modes. Structure Network Editing for Dynamic Effects. Interaction. Additional Output Features. Implementation Issues. Optimizing Display of Hierarchical Models. Limitations of Hierarchical Modeling in PHIGS. Alternative Forms of Hierarchical Modeling. 8. Input Devices, Interaction Techniques, and Interaction Tasks. Interaction Hardware. Basic Interaction Tasks. Composite Interaction Tasks. 9. Dialogue Design. The Form and Content of User-Computer Dialogues. User-Interfaces Styles. Important Design Considerations. Modes and Syntax. Visual Design. The Design Methodology. 10. User Interface Software. Basic Interaction-Handling Models. Windows-Management Systems. Output Handling in Window Systems. Input Handling in Window Systems. Interaction-Technique Toolkits. User-Interface Management Systems. 11. Representing Curves and Surfaces. Polygon Meshes. Parametric Cubic Curves. Parametric Bicubic Surfaces. Quadric Surfaces. 12. Solid Modeling. Representing Solids. Regularized Boolean Set Operations. Primitive Instancing. Sweep Representations. Boundary Representations. Spatial-Partitioning Representations. Constructive Solid Geometry. Comparison of Representations. User Interfaces for Solid Modeling. 13. Achromatic and Colored Light. Achromatic Light. Chromatic Color. Color Models for Raster Graphics. Reproducing Color. Using Color in Computer Graphics. 14. The Quest for Visual Realism. Why Realism? Fundamental Difficulties. Rendering Techniques for Line Drawings. Rendering Techniques for Shaded Images. Improved Object Models. Dynamics. Stereopsis. Improved Displays. Interacting with Our Other Senses. Aliasing and Antialiasing. 15. Visible-Surface Determination. Functions of Two Variables. Techniques for Efficient Visible-Surface Determination. Algorithms for Visible-Line Determination. The z-Buffer Algorithm. List-Priority Algorithms. Scan-Line Algorithms. Area-Subdivision Algorithms. Algorithms for Octrees. Algorithms for Curved Surfaces. Visible-Surface Ray Tracing. 16. Illumination And Shading. Illumination Modeling. Shading Models for Polygons. Surface Detail. Shadows. Transparency. Interobject Reflections. Physically Based Illumination Models. Extended Light Sources. Spectral Sampling. Improving the Camera Model. Global Illumination Algorithms. Recursive Ray Tracing. Radiosity Methods. The Rendering Pipeline. 17. Image Manipulation and Storage. What Is an Image? Filtering. Image Processing. Geometric Transformations of Images. Multipass Transformations. Image Compositing. Mechanisms for Image Storage. Special Effects with Images. Summary. 18. Advanced Raster Graphic Architecture. Simple Raster-Display System. Display-Processor Systems. Standard Graphics Pipeline. Introduction to Multiprocessing. Pipeline Front-End Architecture. Parallel Front-End Architectures. Multiprocessor Rasterization Architectures. Image-Parallel Rasterization. Object-Parallel Rasterization. Hybrid-Parallel Rasterization. Enhanced Display Capabilities. 19. Advanced Geometric and Raster Algorithms. Clipping. Scan-Converting Primitives. Antialiasing. The Special Problems of Text. Filling Algorithms. Making copyPixel Fast. The Shape Data Structure and Shape Algebra. Managing Windows with bitBlt. Page Description Languages. 20. Advanced Modeling Techniques. Extensions of Previous Techniques. Procedural Models. Fractal Models. Grammar-Based Models. Particle Systems. Volume Rendering. Physically Based Modeling. Special Models for Natural and Synthetic Objects. Automating Object Placement. 21. Animation. Conventional and Computer-Assisted Animation. Animation Languages. Methods of Controlling Animation. Basic Rules of Animation. Problems Peculiar to Animation. Appendix: Mathematics for Computer Graphics. Vector Spaces and Affine Spaces. Some Standard Constructions in Vector Spaces. Dot Products and Distances. Matrices. Linear and Affine Transformations. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. Newton-Raphson Iteration for Root Finding. Bibliography. Index. 0201848406T04062001

Research on Online Visual Inspection System for Multi-Feature Trademark Defect

Modern printing industry detective techniques, which have transferred from traditional single discrete manual operation into line detection based on machine vision. The line detection research under the highly automated process requirements, which is based on color graphics, gravure text, high-speed stamping and laser hologram hot stamping technology, is the multi-feature defect detection and recognition. By CDD study linear measurement techniques and computer vision technology, the research built the visual inspection platform, and design detection scheme combined with the specific requirements of the printing process in database technology and image processing technology. Research obtained the online testing solutions and system information flow characteristics, which achieved requirement of multi-feature detection, high precision and high speed continuous production technologies.

3D Electronic Products Surface Measurement System Based on Machine Vision

Adopting high-speed line scan industrial camera, through window function of the software to capture interested areas scanning by linear structured light, through image processing algorithms and splicing technique to extract 3D feature information of the detected object surface, combined with the camera calibration technology, calculated the three-dimensional coordinates of the detected object, and real-time displayed intuitive pseudo color map, monitored picture signal and weeded out unqualified products. Compared with similar systems at home and abroad, the system are real-time pseudo color graphics display, open system and lower cost.

Predictive value of tumor vessel density from enhanced spiral CT scan for lymph node and distant metastasis of colorectal cancer

To test whether the tumor vessel density (TVD) from the enhanced spiral CT can preoperatively predict nodal status and distant metastasis of colorectal cancer. Forty cases of colorectal cancer patients who received surgical treatment were included in this study. The three dimensional tumor vessels were reconstructed by an enhanced CT 64-slice spiral CT and its AW4.4 image processing platform. The TVD was measured by the 1000 high-resolution color graphics pathological analysis system. The TVD level was compared between different tumor size, classification, and TNM stage. The postoperative pathological staging was taken as golden standard. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for direct prediction of lymph node metastasis by the enhanced CT 64-slice spiral CT was 74.1%(20/27), 53.8%(7/13) and 67.5%(27/40) respectively. The TVD from the reconstructed three dimensional tumor vessels in the group with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that without metastasis(0.070±0.046 vs. 0.037±0.013, P<0.05). The TVD in the distant metastasis group was significantly higher than that without distant metastasis (0.130±0.032 vs. 0.049±0.030, P<0.01). No difference of TVD was found between different tumor size, invasion depth, and differentiation type. TVD level from the reconstructed three dimensional tumor vessels can indicate lymph node and distant metastasis of colorectal cancer.