Spectral Color Research Articles

신한복 온라인 플랫폼 구축을 위한 추천 치마디자인 개발

This study establishes an online customization platform for New-hanbok based on analyzing the hanbok brands and the preference for new-hanbok skirts. This study aims to develop a design that can recommend a modern hanbok skirt so that customers can purchase it online. Design elements according to body parts of each age group were extracted in two-dimensional and three-dimensional techniques, and short, medium, and long skirt designs were selected. The pattern for the selected design was made through YUKA Apparel CAD, and the design was confirmed by simulating by using a CLO 3D program. Pattern production dimensions were produced by substituting the dimensions of women in their early 20s from the 7th body dimension survey report of Size Korea. The applied dimensions are 161.0 ㎝ in height, 71.0 ㎝ in waist circumference, and 93.0 ㎝ in hip circumference. The exact dimension was applied to the virtual model for 3D simulation. As a result of examining design elements for 3-Dimension, young people in their 20s and 30s preferred long skirts of around 80㎝, and older people preferred medium-length (60㎝). Except for those in their 20s, short length (45㎝) was the least preferred, so skirt length was found to be related to age. Regardless of age group, the waist width was about 5㎝, which was the most preferred. Next, it seems that the simple shape of the skirt was designed with a change in the waist of the skirt, preferring a wide width. The most preferred length was an average length of about 60㎝, followed by about 100 ㎝. Young people preferred monochromatic colors for skirts, and older people preferred chromatic colors such as red and blue. Patterns were preferred more in the older age group than in the younger age group, and flower patterns were preferred the most. Among the developed skirt designs, the top three types with high preference seem to be related to individual tastes and age. Customers can purchase a recommended skirt simultaneously or re-recommendation for a new skirt by revising design components.

Photonic Cellulose Films with Vivid Structural Colors: Fabrication and Selectively Chemical Response

Recent advances in structural-color cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) materials have been made toward chemical sensing applications; however, such materials lack sufficient color chroma for naked-eye observation, and their selective recognition to given chemicals as well as the corresponding mechanism has rarely been reported. Here, a dopamine-infiltration and post-polymerization approach is proposed to construct vivid structural-color composite films. The chiral nematic structure of CNC enables the structural coloration, while the strong light absorption of the polymeric co-phase, polydopamine (PDA) enhances the color chroma and visibility. By controlling the PDA amount, the composite films can detect organic solvents quantitatively and selectively via visible color changes. From the viewpoint of the compatibility and similitude principle, notably, a critical solubility parameter distance (R0) between PDA and "active" solvents is defined with a three-dimensional Hansen solubility sphere; this well constructs a rule for the sensing selectivity of the chemochromic composite films. The findings pave the foundation for the design of colorimetric sensors with specifically testing objects.

The Radioluminescence Investigation of Lead Sodium Borate Glass Doped with Eu3+

The effect of Eu3+-doped lead sodium borate glasses in composition of (79-x)B2O3: 20Na2O: xPbO: 1Eu2O3 and x are 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 mol%) were studied by using the melt-quenching technique. The absorption spectra show a maximum of 5 transition, where the strongest absorption bands were shown at 394 and 2101 nm in visible light and near-infrared region, respectively. The emission spectra of glasses were measured at 394 nm excitation wavelength. The highest peak of emission spectra corresponding due to 5D0 to 7F2 transition centered at 613 nm. The intensity of emission spectra increased with the increasing of PbO concentration upto 5 mol%. The radioluminescence spectrum (RL) has four peaks similar to photoluminescence, While, the transition at 612 nm strong strongest, identified at 0 mol% of PbO. In addition, the calculated integral scintillation efficiency of 5 mol% is 5.37% as compared with BGO crystal. The values of the color chromaticity coordinates were (0.65, 0.35) locating on the orange region of CIE diagram.

Populations of highly variable X-ray sources in theXMM–Newtonslew survey

ABSTRACTWe present the identifications of a flux-limited sample of highly variable X-ray sources on long time-scales from the second catalogue of the XMM–Newton SLew survey (XMMSL2). The carefully constructed sample, comprising 265 sources (2.5 per cent) selected from the XMMSL2 clean catalogue, displayed X-ray variability of a factor of more than 10 in 0.2–2 keV compared to the ROSAT All Sky Survey. Of the sample sources, 94.3 per cent are identified. The identification procedure follows a series of cross-matches with astronomical data bases and multiwavelength catalogues to refine the source position and identify counterparts to the X-ray sources. Assignment of source type utilizes a combination of indicators including counterparts offset, parallax measurement, spectral colours, X-ray luminosity, and light-curve behaviour. We identified 40 per cent of the variables with stars, 10 per cent with accreting binaries, and at least 30.4 per cent with active galactic nuclei. The rest of the variables are identified as galaxies. It is found that the mean effective temperatures of the highly variable stars are lower than those of less variable stars. Our sample of highly variable AGN tend to have lower black hole masses, redshifts, and marginally lower soft X-ray luminosities compared to the less variable ones, while no difference was found in the Eddington ratio distributions. Five flaring events are tidal disruption events published previously. This study has significantly increased the number of variable sources in XMMSL2 with identifications and provides greater insight on the nature of many o f the sources, enabling further studies of highly variable X-ray sources.

The dependence of theoretical synthetic spectra on α-enhancement in young, binary stellar populations

ABSTRACT The enhancement of α elements such as oxygen is an important phase in the chemical evolution of the early Universe, with nebular material becoming enriched in these elements sooner than iron. Here, we present models which incorporate stellar spectra with α-enhanced compositions, focusing on the impact on the integrated light of young stellar populations, including those with large binary star fractions using the Binary Populations and Spectral Synthesis (bpass) framework, while using Solar-scaled stellar evolution models. We find that broad spectrum outputs such as production of ionizing flux, the ultraviolet spectral slope and optical colours are only weakly affected by a change in $[\alpha /\rm {Fe}]$. A number of features such as ultraviolet line indices (e.g. at 1719 and 1853 Å) and optical line indices (such as MgB) are sensitive to such changes in composition for a continuously star-forming population and a single starburst population respectively. We find that at ages of more than 1 Gyr, α-enhanced stellar populations appear bluer than their Solar-scaled counterparts, and show expected sensitivity of optical line indices to composition, in agreement with previous work. The ultraviolet stellar absorption lines are relatively insensitive to subtleties in the abundances ratios, although with sufficient measurement precision, a combination of UV line indices may enable a simultaneous measurement of total metallicity mass fraction and $[\alpha /\rm {Fe}]$ in young stellar populations. The output models are designated as bpass v2.3 and made available to the community with the aim of assisting interpretation of observations of high-redshift galaxies with the James Webb Space Telescope.

Critical Points in the Methodology of Preparing Copper (II) Histidinate Injections and their Quality Assessment Applying Color Measurement

Copper (II) histidinate injection solution, applied in Menkes disease treatment, is characterized by low stability due to sensitivity to oxidation. The aim of this article was to determine the critical points of the injection preparation procedure, taking into account selection of appropriate packaging, determining the solution pH or application of an excess of L-histidine. In order to assess the stability of the Cu(His)2 complex, the spectrophotometric method (VIS: 400-800 nm), and the colorimetric method using a reflectance colorimeter were applied. The color changes observed using the CIELAB color system made it possible to determine: the differences in the observed color (ΔΕ) and the color chroma (C*) and hue (h°). It was found that the following parameters: λmax and ΔE enable fast and objective assessment of copper (II) histidinate injection solution quality. The advantage of the colorimetric method is the non-invasiveness of the analysis which is performed through the packaging material (transparent vial). The developed methodology of preparing Cu(His)2 injections in hospitals or community pharmacies guarantees their stability for at least 6 months, provided that the solution is stored at lower temperatures (2–8°C or 4°C).

Alterations in Chromatic Color Characteristics and Phenolic Compounds of ‘Early Cardinal’ Grape (V. vinifera L.) as affected by Various Concentrations of Foliar Abscisic Acid and Melatonin Treatments

Alterations in Chromatic Color Characteristics and Phenolic Compounds of ‘Early Cardinal’ Grape (V. vinifera L.) as affected by Various Concentrations of Foliar Abscisic Acid and Melatonin Treatments

Scott test associated with multivariate image analysis: A more selective alternative for cocaine research in forensic laboratories

Scott test is a simple, rapid, and low-cost preliminary test used extensively to suggest the presence of cocaine in drug seizures due to the development of a blue color. However, the presence of cutting agents can compromise the test result and may suggest the presence of cocaine when the drug is absent. This study evaluated the frequency of these results and the spectral behavior and color development of false positive substances. Furthermore, this study proposes the application of the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method associated with photographic images obtained by a smartphone camera to increase the selectivity of the Scott test. For the first time, a study considered a diverse set of 173 samples, 126 of them from police drug seizures. The multivariate model presented a 100% hit rate for both the set of training samples and the test set. Thus, zero false positive (classified as positive in the absence of cocaine) and false negative (negative in the presence of cocaine) rates were achieved. Therefore, the proposed methodological alternative is promising, simple, low-cost, portable, and considerably increases the assertiveness of the preliminary test for researching cocaine.

A novel 3D convolutional neural network model with supervised spectral regression for recognition of hyperspectral images of colored wool fiber

AbstractPrior knowledge of textile fiber colors in blends is useful for color recipe assessment. There have been various methods to improve the accuracy of color recognition from the dataset of colored textile fibers in recent years. However, numerical assessments based on spectral feature and color difference is insufficient, in which the accuracy of color recognition can be affected by morphology and the uneven coloration on a single fiber. This paper proposes a novel 3D convolutional neural network model (3D‐CNN) with supervised spectral regression for the color recognition of hyperspectral images (HSI) of colored textile fiber. The proposed method obtained spatial‐spectral features based on 3D‐CNN, and the true spectrum of each class was used for supervised spectral regression to improve the accuracy. The loss function used was the sum of the supervised classification loss function and the spectral regression loss function model are optimized by mini‐batch‐based backpropagation. The proposed method was trained and tested on the HSI dataset composed of 100 colors of wool fibers acquired through a microscopic hyperspectral imaging system at a ×3.375 optical magnification. The experimental results showed that the proposed method exhibited better performance compared to numerical assessments and other deep learning models, except for efficiency. Specifically, it achieved better recognition performance on sub‐datasets of similar colored and light‐colored wool fiber where subtle inter‐class and large intra‐class variance existed.

Synthesis, structural and luminescence investigations of novel Na3Bi5(PO4)6: Sm3+Eulytite phosphors for photonic applications

For the first time, a new eulytite-type Na3Bi5(PO4)6: Sm3+phosphor was synthesized via high temperature solid-state reaction method and its structure, luminescence and thermal stability were investigated and discussed. XRD pattern revealed Na3Bi5(PO4)6: Sm3+ was well crystallized into body-centered cubic structure with I43d (220) space group. FT-IR and Raman spectra analysis show that the doping of Sm3+ did not greatly altered the characteristic vibration modes of PO4 and BiO6 groups. A diagram was proposed to illustrate the lattice structure of eulytite crystal. All Na3Bi5(PO4)6:Sm3+ exhibited electron transition of Sm3+ from 6H15/2 ground state to various energy level in UV–visible and IR regions. However, as Sm3+ amount increasing, energy band gap decreased from 4.05 to 3.70 eV. Under the excitation of 404 nm, all Na3Bi5(PO4)6: Sm3+ exhibited reddish-orange emission. Concentration quenching was observed for Sm3+ doping amount reached to 1 mol%, and 0.8Sm3+ doped phosphor showed the biggest quantum efficiency of 89%. Based on emission spectra, Judd-Ofelt parameters were calculated to evaluate the symmetry sites surrounding Sm3+ ions. CIE color chromaticity analysis verified the reasonable color coordinate and color purity of intense reddish-orange emission. The decay and luminescence thermal quenching were studied and possible mechanism were analyzed as well. Good thermal stability was obtained with a high activation energy ΔE of 0.256 eV. The above results demonstrated that Na3Bi5(PO4)6: Sm3+ phosphors can be used as an appropriate reddish-orange component for developing WLEDs.

Pewarnaan Titik Ketakteraturan Lokal pada Keluarga Graf Unicyclic

In this research is a development of local irregularity vertex coloring of graph. The based on definition, as follows: \textbf{$l:V(G) \longrightarrow {\{1, 2, ..., k}\}$} is called vertex irregular k-labelling and \textbf{$w:V(G) \longrightarrow N$} where \textbf{$w(u) = \varSigma_{ v \in N(u)}l(v)$}, $w$ is called local irregularity vertex coloring. A condition for $w$ to be a local irregularity vertex coloring, If \textit{opt$(l)$ = min\{maks$(li); li$, vertex labelling function}, and for every \textbf{$u,v\in E(G),w(u)\ne w(v)$}. The chromatic number local irregularity vertex coloring is denoted by $\chi_{lis}(G)$. In this paper, the researchers will discuss of local irregularity vertex coloring of related unicyclic graphs and we have found the exact value of their chromatic number local irregularity, namely cricket graph, net graph, tadpole graph, \textit{peach} graph, and bull graph.

A Spatially Dependent Correction of Gaia EDR3 Parallax Zero-point Offset based on 0.3 million LAMOST DR8 Giant Stars

Abstract We have studied the zero-point offset of Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) parallaxes based on a sample of 0.3 million giant stars built from the LAMOST data with distance accuracy better than 8.5%. The official parallax zero-point corrections largely reduce the global offset in the Gaia EDR3 parallaxes: the global parallax offsets are −27.9 μas and −26.5 μas (before correction) and +2.6 μas and +2.9 μas (after correction) for the five- and six-parameter solutions, respectively. The bias of the raw parallax measurements is significantly dependent on the G magnitudes, spectral colors, and positions of stars. The official parallax zero-point corrections could reduce parallax bias patterns with G magnitudes, while could not fully account the patterns in the spaces of the spectral colors and positions. In the current paper, a spatially dependent parallax zero-point correction model for Gaia EDR3 five-parameter solution in the LAMOST footprint is first provided with the advantage of huge number of stars in our sample.

Upconversion Emission in Tm/Er/Yb Co‐Doped Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Single Crystals

AbstractBlue, green, and red emissions through upconversion and energy transfer processes are investigated as a function of the Tm3+ concentration in Tm/Er/Yb triply doped yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) crystals upon excitation at 980 nm. YSZ doped with 0.075–0.250 mol% Tm2O3, 1.50 mol% Er2O3, and 2.00 mol% Yb2O3 are prepared by the optical floating zone method, and confirmed to be in the cubic phase by X‐ray diffraction. The blue emission corresponds to the Tm3+ 1G4→3H6 transition, and is produced through a three‐photon process, whereas the green and red light are emitted through two‐photon processes from the Er3+ 2H11/2→4I15/2 and 4S3/2→4I15/2 transitions for green and the Er3+ 4F9/2→4I15/2 transition for red. However, interactions between the different lanthanide ions is a factor in determining the overall color of these triply doped crystals, and this is not simply a summation of the results from the singly doped systems, so this mechanism of energy transfer is discussed in detail. The CIE color chromaticity coordinates for the present samples under excitation at 980 nm approach (0.39, 0.55), which is in the yellow‐green region.

Characteristics of Distance Errors of Infrared Sensor Relation to Colour Surfaces

Abstract This paper deals with the determination of the absolute errors of a small time of flight (ToF) distance sensor with respect to coloured surfaces at different illumination intensities. The aim was to determine the absolute error of the measured distance by the VL53L1X sensor when set to short-mode and long-mode at different illumination intensities: 10 lx and 350 lx depending on the coloured surface using regression analysis methods. The research was performed using 7 colour samples with different spectral colours determined according to the CIE Lab colour model. Based on the performed experiments, it was found that the error at different sensor settings, change of colour surface and different illumination intensity is approximated by a linear function only up to a certain measured distance. The process is influenced by proposed factors such as: illumination intensity, coloured surface with different illumination reflectance and signal-noise parameters of the tested sensor during the experiment.

스트리트 패션을 통한 인도네시아 무슬림 여성의 패션 색채 특성 연구 : 서부 자바(West Java) 반둥시(Bandung City)를 중심으로

This research was to study the fashion color characteristics of Muslim women in Indonesian street fashion, which shows rapidly growing interests in K-fashion. For the research method, 329 street fashion photographs taken in Indonesia were selected to analyze color, tone, and color scheme image of clothes, veil and shoes in the photo. As a result of color analysis, there were more achromatic colors than chromatic colors, and PB was shown the most among chromatic colors, and R and YR were also frequently found. As for the achromatic color, Bk was shown the most in the distribution, Bk was shown the most in the total color of clothes and accessories as well. W was also found frequently. As a result of tone analysis, black was found the most in the distribution and white was the second most. The next most analyzed tone was in the order of light grayish soft pale, followed by grayish = light gray 〉dull 〉dark grayish 〉strong 〉dark = medium gray 〉deep 〉light 〉dark gray〉vivid 〉bright. Coloration image was found in the order of Hard-Static, Soft-Static, and Hard-Dynamic, but Soft-Dynamic coloration was rarely found. As for adjectives, ‘modern/decent’ was the most in the distribution, followed by ‘graceful’ and ‘elegant’, indicating that many adjectives corresponding to the Hard-Static area were shown in large numbers.

중성색의 동시대비

Neutral colors are the most commonly seen colors in nature or real life, and are a mixture of pure colors or a mixture of achromatic and chromatic colors. This study categorizes the mixed colors that exist between the basic colors that people perceive and examines the simultaneous contrast effect when they are adjacent to other colors. The subjects were presented with a variety of low-saturation color stimuli(R, YR, Y, GY, G, B, BG, B, P) that can be seen in nature and asked to select a color name. To this, the color stimulus that answered

Moisture content assessment of dried Hami jujube using image colour analysis

To investigate the feasibility of image colour information in predicting the moisture content of dried Hami jujube, the images were obtained under different colour space models, and the colour model component mean and chromaticity frequency sequences of R, G, B, H, S, V, L*, a* and b* were extracted through image analysis. After optimising the colour model component mean and chromaticity frequency sequence, the model was established and compared. The results showed that the GA-ELM (genetic algorithm - extreme learning machine) model established by CARS (competitive adaptive reweighted sampling) method to optimise 12 chromaticity features of S chromaticity frequency sequence had the best prediction effect, with R<sub>c</sub> of 0.917, R<sub>p</sub> of 0.934 and residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 2.507. Therefore, the colour image information can accurately predict the moisture content of dried Hami jujube.

Dynamic Color Tuning with Electrochemically Actuated TiO2 Metasurfaces.

Dynamic tuning of metamaterials is a critical step toward advanced functionality and improved bandwidth. In the visible spectrum, full spectral color tuning is inhibited by the large absorption that accompanies index changes, particularly at blue wavelengths. Here, we show that the electrochemical lithiation of anatase TiO2 to Li0.5TiO2 (LTO) results in an index change of 0.65 at 649 nm with absorption coefficient less than 0.1 at blue wavelengths, making this material well-suited for dynamic visible color tuning. Dynamic tunability of TiO2 is leveraged in a Fabry-Perot cavity and a gap plasmon metasurface. In the Fabry-Perot configuration, the device exhibits a shift in reflectance of over 100 nm when subjected to only 2 V bias while the gap plasmon metasurface achieves enhanced switching speed. The dynamic range, speed, and cyclability indicate that the TiO2/LTO system is competitive with established actuators like WO3, with the additional advantage of reduced absorption at high frequencies.

Size Regulation of Polydopamine Nanoparticles by Boronic Acid and Lewis Base.

Size regulation of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) is vital to melanin-inspired materials. The general strategy usually focuses on tuning of the reaction parameters which could affect the dopamine (DA) monomer polymerization process, such as pH, temperature, monomer concentration, etc. The reaction between boronic acids and catechols to form boronic esters has been widely applied in many fields, but little attention has been paid in the size regulation of PDA NPs. Here, it is speculated that the fine size regulation of PDA NPs can be directly achieved by using boronic acids and Lewis base molecules. It is found that these issues could indeed significantly affect the stability of the boronic esters formed by boronic acids and DA, which may further inhibit the monomer polymerization kinetics and tune the particle size of the resulting PDA NPs. It is also found that the several intrinsic properties of PDA NPs such as the free radical scavenging ability, UV spectral absorption, photothermal behavior, and structural color all change with the particle size. It is believed that this work can provide new opportunities for fabricating melanin-inspired PDA NPs with well controlled size and properties.

4D printed thermochromic Fresnel lenses for sensing applications

The conventional manufacturing processes for optical sensors fabrication have limitations in terms of ease of fabrication, design freedom, mechanical flexibility, cost requirements, etc. Therefore, adapting additive manufacturing (3D printing) is highly desirable because it opens up a variety of design and manufacturing possibilities. We have demonstrated that the 3D fabrication process using computer-aided design may be used to fabricate 4D functionalized photonic devices such as Fresnel lenses. We have introduced spectral color variation as the fourth dimension to 3D printed lenses in response to temperature as an external stimulus. The digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing process parameters were optimized to print the needed features with precise geometric dimensions of the lenses. Thermochromic pigment powders were mixed in the liquid monomer resins to print tinted Fresnel lenses used for selective color focusing and temperature sensing applications. The focusing ability and thermal sensing of printed lenses were assessed using customized setups that included normalized power intensity and transmission spectra measurements. Contact angle measurements were used to determine surface wettability, revealing the hydrophilic nature of the lens material. 3D printing offers custom-built optical devices and the ability to optimize the materials for both active and passive optical sensing applications, making them more promising than traditional Fresnel lenses.