Colony Of Japan Research Articles

Imperialism in School Music: Common Experiences in Two Different Cultures

Empire, imperialism and colonialism are all terms that defy easy definition. The variety of imperial regimes and colonial situations demonstrates a “patchwork quilt of ad hoc adaptations to particular circumstance” (Osterhammel, 1997, p. 4). However, this paper does not seek to define such phenomena but to explore their effects on the school music that existed within such regimes. Japanese and British imperialism evolved in distinct ways, but the enactment of imperialism in school music was, ultimately, similar. Two different examples of early twentieth century empires will be considered – Taiwan, a colony of Japan between 1895 and 1945, and the British colonies that were to become Australia with their Federation in 1901 (Parsons, 1999). Central to the notion of empire was the imperial ruler, either emperor or empress. Empire and ruler were celebrated by school children in song and pageant, demonstrating the use of music as a vehicle of messages to be inculcated in the young participants.

オオミズナギドリによるクロコシジロウミツバメの巣穴破壊を防ぐ，金網を用いた営巣地保全に向けての試み

The Madeiran Storm-petrel Oceanodroma castro is a threatened seabird breeding on the Hide-shima (39°40'N, 142°00'E), Iwate Prefecture, in northern Japan. This small island is the only known large colony in Japan for this species. In the latter half of 1980s, nesting burrows of Madeiran Storm-petrels were confirmed to have been decreasing owing to the interspecific competition for nesting burrows between larger Streaked Shearwaters Calonectris leucomeras and this smaller species. We used small wire mesh nets at the nesting ground in order to exclude larger species from Madeiran storm petrel burrows in 1990. Results suggest that nest numbers of Madeiran Petrels have been gradually increasing in the experimental area.

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Bang's leaf‐nosed bat Hipposideros turpis

AbstractThe Bang's leaf‐nose bat, Hipposideros turpis, is an endangered cave‐dwelling species inhabiting the southwesternmost islands of Japan. We isolated six dinucleotide microsatellite markers from the partial genomic library of the bat, and examined their allelic variation using a sample (N = 33) from the largest colony in Japan. All the loci showed a moderate allelic variation ranging from two to eight alleles, with the observed heterozygosities from 0.33 to 0.73, and conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations. The present microsatellite markers will be useful in assessing population genetic structure and gene flow among populations of this species.

The Influence of Japanese Music Education in Taiwan during the Japanese Protectorate

During the period of the Japanese protectorate (1895-1945), Taiwan served as a colony of Japan. Significant education reforms were introduced into Taiwan during this period, changes based on the Japanese system. Many of these changes applied to music education. Because there is a dearth of material about the Taiwanese music education system during this period, it is necessary to consider events elsewhere to obtain a picture of its development. Taiwan's turbulent history as an occupied country resulted in the failure to preserve certain types of documents that were considered propagandist, such as songs. However, although the evolution of music education in Taiwan resulted largely from developments in Japan, an examination of songs can provide insights into early Taiwanese music education. Historical Background

Love and Colonialism in Takamure Itsue's Feminism: A Postcolonial Critique

Takamure Itsue has many faces following different phases of her life: poet, activist-writer, anarchist, ethnologist and historian. Throughout these transformations, Takamure maintained her feminist position. This article concentrates on her politics of love, sex and marriage, formulated and presented in the pre-war period during the time of Japanese colonial empire. A specific focus is placed on her positionality in the act of writing within the discursive field of women whose nation was colonizing others, notably Koreans. The combination of positivistic craving for ‘scientific’ history to substantiate the uxorilocal tradition of Japanese matrimony and uncritical acceptance of ‘motherhood’ as a superior virtue led her to consequently embrace Japan's colonialism.

ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF TAIWAN AS A NIES

As a result of the Sino-Japanese War, Taiwan became a colony of Japan in 1895. However, when Japan came out on the losing side at the end of World War II, Taiwan was returned to the Republic of China (ROC). In the second half of the 1960's Taiwan was experiencing great economic growth. Unfortunately for Taiwan, the 1970's brought political isolation as America, Japan and many other countries officially recognized the People's Republic of China. This political setback did not stop Taiwan as its economy continued to expand, turning Taiwan into one of the stronger Newly Industrializing Economies (NIES), an economic success story. What are some of the factors that made this possible?While Taiwan was under Japan's rule, rice and sugar were the main products in the agriculturally driven economy. As Japan was pulled further into the Second World War, industrialization, to a certain degree, was encouraged. At the end of the war, the ROC government introduced agrarian reform laws in which landowners had to distribute their land to their former tenants. In return, the government handed over ownership of the factories previously owned by small to medium-sized Japanese companies to the landowner class. In addition, such strategic fields as iron, electricity, communications and steel were taken over by the government. Up until 1960 agriculture and processed foods were the main components of the Taiwanese economy, but from the end of the 1960's industrialization and exports fueled rapid growth. From about 1965 to 1975 the average annual growth rate of the Taiwanese economy exceeded 10%. In the 1980's, home electronics and other manufactured goods made up 90% of the goods Taiwan exported, making the rate of trade dependence of island country nearly 100%. Even compared with Korea, another exporting giant, Taiwan is the more dependent upon trade of the two. Upon further investigation of the Taiwanese export structure, it is understood that Taiwan imports machines and strategic parts from Japan, makes finished products with cheap labor, and then ships the finished goods to America to be sold. This results in a trade deficit with Japan and a trade surplus with America that exceeds $10, 000, 000, 000 annually.In Korea, huge corporate conglomerates, or“zaibatsu”take responsibility for fueling the country's export economy. In Taiwan, there are a few mid-size “zaibatsu, ”but it is mainly the small to medium-sized corporations that take care of most of Taiwan's exports. One cannot ignore the foreign capital and technology, mainly from Japan and the U.S., that flows into Taiwan. However, the foreign capital and technology that enters Taiwan is not considered to be on a large scale, much of it diluted in the form of joint ventures with Taiwan companies. On the whole, Taiwan's export economy is driven by small and medium-sized Taiwan companies.It is said that one reason why Taiwan's export economy is so strong is due to the cheap labor available. Taiwan's per capita GNP is higher than Korea's but the average wages are lower. A high concentration of young women in the work force who receive very low wages drops the average quite low. In addition, Taiwan does not employ a seniority wage system as is done in Korea and Japan. Wages in Taiwan do not seem to increase once one turns 40. In addition, the make-up of the Taiwanese house keeping is quite varied. Income generated by those other than the householder is great, allowing for relatively comfortable family budgets. It can't be said that there is no labor-management strife in Taiwan, but class conflict is on the most part avoided as the class distinction between labor and management is not so clearly defined in Taiwan.The Taiwanese economy has the characteristics of commercial capitalism. It is the family unit enterprise that powers Taiwanese economy.

Some Comment on Mr. Y. Tabuchi's Article “Japan's Colonial Policy in French Indochina, 1940-41”

Some Comment on Mr. Y. Tabuchi's Article “Japan's Colonial Policy in French Indochina, 1940-41”

Japan's Colonial Policy in French Indochina, 1940-41

Japan's Colonial Policy in French Indochina, 1940-41

Japan's Colonialism and Indonesia

Japan's Colonialism and Indonesia

Japan's Colonialism and Indonesia

Japan's Colonialism and Indonesia