Colonial Architecture Research Articles

School Policies and Primary School Architecture in the City of Annaba (ex Bône), Algeria, 1830–1962

This study investigates the history of the French colonial architecture of schools in the city of Annaba (ex Bône) in Algeria by spotlighting the buildings and their characteristics to identify the links between educational colonial policies, primary school architecture, and the context of their creation. This historical perspective enhances our understanding regarding the evolution of the architecture of Bône primary schools. Although the construction of public infrastructure at that time followed the movement of building Algerian cities to occidental standards, the issue of education and the construction of primary schools was extremely political, since French public instruction in Algeria was an integral part of the political project of colonial conquest. Primary school was a powerful tool of moral conquest; it began with a civilising mission then shifted to assimilation and integration. The evolution of the production of primary schools testifies to the seal of the various colonial educational policies, laws, and successive reforms that spread over this period, which influenced the school and its architecture.

Chicas Modernas and Chinas Poblanas: International and National Influences in the Mexican Beer Industry and its Advertisements, 1910–1940

Abstract The Mexican beer industry in general, and advertising in particular, contained both international and national influences. The industry transitioned from significant inputs of capital, technology, and expertise by foreigners during the Porfiriato (1876-1911) to locals carrying out these functions during the Revolution (1910-1940). Advertising in the latter period had Western inspirations, as seen in descriptions of Germanic heritage and images of the Modern Girl. It also had domestic ones, such as native historical figures, contemporary rural types, and Spanish colonial architecture. Some ads even mixed iconography from abroad with that from home. The trajectory of the beer industry as well as its marketing fit in with the political, economic, and social hallmarks of these key periods in Mexican history.

APPLICATION OF COLONIAL ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TO "BANDOENG TEMPO DOELOE" IN KOTA BARU PARAHYANGAN

Architects have an important role in determining the developmentof architecture. Colonial era architectural style is an architecturaldesign concept that was applied during the Dutch colonial period.Inside there are various architectural styles that are quite differentfrom time to time. This architectural style is divided into 3, namelyIndische Empire, Transitional Colonial Architecture, and ModernColonial Architecture. The development of colonial architecture inIndonesia can be seen from the existence of buildings that adoptEuropean architectural styles in various big cities on the island ofJava, such as Jakarta, Bandung, Jogja, Semarang, and Surabaya.Traces of Colonial Architecture in Bandung can be seen frombuildings in conservation areas such as the Braga area, Dago, andalso in the Diponegoro Street area or the Gasibu area of Bandung.Kota Baru Parahyangan is one of the largest independent cities inthe Greater Bandung area which has a development concept orhistorical pillar, namely having a house building design withcolonial architectural style in the "Bandoeng Tempo Doeloe"corridor area. Based on this development concept, the author aimsto discuss articles on the concept of colonial architecture in the"Bandoeng Tempo Doeloe" area. In addition, the author also hopesthat the discussion of this article can provide a lesson for thegeneral public about colonial architecture, especially in theBandung area. The results of the discussion of this article concludethat the buildings in the "Bandoeng Tempo Doeloe" area adapt tothe three colonial architectural styles, most of which refer tomodern colonial architecture.

Revitalizing Colonial Architecture in Havana, Cuba: Balancing Preservation and Modernization

The revitalization of Havana’s colonial architecture embodies a delicate balance between preservation and modernization, reflecting the city’s rich cultural heritage and dynamic urban evolution. This paper explores the historical context, challenges, and initiatives surrounding the preservation and modernization of Havana’s colonial architecture. Through case studies and analysis, it examines successful revitalization projects, community engagement strategies, and the quest for a sustainable economic model. By embracing heritage conservation, fostering community involvement, and promoting sustainable development, Havana seeks to create vibrant, resilient neighborhoods that honor the past while embracing the opportunities of the future.

Heritage as boundary object: the troubling potential of the Secretariat in Yangon, Myanmar

ABSTRACT In Yangon, Myanmar, urban heritage has been deployed to mean material objects capable of both recalling history and producing a better future. This article examines the ‘heritagisation’ of the Secretariat during the so-called ‘transition’, even as ‘transition’ and ‘heritagisation’ were intertwined ideas and discursive tactics that capitalised on the temporary retreat of military autocracy. We use the term ‘heritagisation’ to indicate a process wherein something comes to be quite commonsensically considered as ‘heritage’ and in which actors and stakeholders disavow being the driving force behind this process. Heritagisation, for us, differs from heritage-making in that the former excludes accountability. It is predicated on the eventual heritage status of a place, object or practice appearing as obvious, naturally emergent, and seemingly indisputable rather than constructed by invested actors. This process of claiming significance effectively turned heritage into a ‘boundary object’ that enabled Myanmar’s cultural elites and international stakeholders to not only reframe colonial architecture as ‘heritage’ but also imagine an alternative future wherein the actions of coercive governments – both British colonial and Myanmar military – could be reconciled with the idea of a new democratic nation, made visible by a revitalised colonial cityscape.

Features of Portuguese colonial architecture in South Asia in the period from XVI to XVIII centuries.

In this article, the author analyzes the Portuguese colonial architecture in the countries of South Asia in the period from the XVI to XVIII centuries. The author examines the military, civil and religious architecture built by the Portuguese during their presence in the South Asian colonies. Special attention is paid to the Portuguese colonial architecture of India (especially Goa) and Macau. Buildings in Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia and other former Portuguese colonies in South Asia are also considered. The author studies the process of formation and features of a special Portuguese colonial style in military (fortification), civil and religious (cult) architecture. The features in the design, decoration, as well as building materials of buildings are revealed. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the samples of Portuguese colonial architecture in South Asia and their architectural features were comprehensively considered. The main conclusions of this study are the following. Firstly, on the one hand, the European architectural tradition has enriched the culture of the South Asian region. At the same time, different types of buildings show different degrees of influence. Secondly, on the other hand, Portuguese colonial architecture in South Asia itself has undergone significant changes under the influence of local cultural and climatic factors. Many of the changes made to classical European building designs were dictated by the weather and climatic features of the area. The choice of material was dictated by climatic and geological features. The culture of local civilizations also influenced the decoration and decoration of Portuguese buildings.

Kajian Tampilan Arsitektur Simbolik pada Taman Budaya Jawa Timur

<p><em>The cultural center is a place used to accommodate all arts and culture activities. The East Java Cultural Park is a building complex designed to promote and preserve East Javanese culture. In appearance, the East Java Cultural Park at first glance applies the Javanese architectural style. However, in this building it is not yet known to what extent the Javanese architectural appearance was used. This research was conducted to identify the Javanese architectural appearance of the TBJT building. Qualitative research using a descriptive critical method approach was applied to this research. Data was collected through direct observation, interviews and analysis of literature related to the application of Javanese architectural symbolism in TBJT. The results of this research are that TBJT has a symbolic meaning in Javanese architecture which can be seen from the appearance of the TBJT building. However, this application does not fully follow the rules of Javanese architectural appearance because there is an amalgamation of other styles, namely colonial architecture. It is hoped that this research can provide a deeper understanding of the application of Javanese architectural symbolism to the appearance of the East Java Cultural Park.</em></p>

Identifikasi Arsitektur Kolonial Pada Bangunan Peninggalan Belanda Di Kabupaten Bireuen (Pendopo Bireuen, Balai Desa Kecamatan Gandapura Dan Rumah Uleebalang Peusangan)

Colonial architecture is architecture that emerged when Indonesia was colonized by the Dutch. Colonial architecture is more prominent than the Dutch architectural style because the Netherlands was the country that colonized Indonesia the longest, so the Dutch government had time to build several buildings in a typical Dutch style, especially government buildings. Bireuen became one of the areas controlled by the Dutch, where the Dutch had built several buildings in a typical Dutch style, especially government buildings. This study aims to identify and examine the characteristics of Dutch colonial architecture in Dutch heritage buildings in Bireuen Regency. This research is also expected to strengthen the identity of Bireuen Regency as one of the regencies in the Indonesian region which is rich in historical value and can become a learning medium for present and future generations.The results of the analysis show that the three research objects have the characteristics of Dutch colonial architecture in accordance with the construction period of the three buildings used as the research object. There are eight characteristics of colonial architecture that exist in the Bireuen Pendopo building, namely geveltoppen, cripedoma, entrance with two doors, symmetrical facade, wooden framed windows, wood wall materials, metal material decoration, and decoration on the body of the building. In the Gandapura Village Hall building there are seven characteristics of colonial architecture namely gevel, geveltoppen, cripedoman, entrance with two doors, symmetrical facade, wooden framed windows, wood wall materials. Whereas in the Uleebalang Peusangan house there is a cripedoman, an entrance with two doors, a symmetrical facade, windows with wooden frames.

Identifying disappeared historic buildings of port of Callao using georeferencing

The port of Callao is important for its varied historical and archaeological heritage, which includes several military buildings that were the main actors and witnesses of the colonial era of Peru (from the 16th century to the country’s independence from Spain early in the 19th century). Despite the studies that have been carried out on the basis of documents and some eventual archaeological excavations, the port’s main monument, namely, the Real Felipe Fortress, continues to hide very important information that could be used to understand the role that the fortress played in numerous historical events throughout the centuries. The main contribution of this study is the use of photogrammetry software and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to examine the Real Felipe Fortress. In this way, the nature of the atypical construction within the fortress is determined. As a result, it is possible to accurately establish the location of the defensive wall that surrounded the ancient city of Callao, as well as its first churches, whose records were lost after being destroyed by the 1746 earthquake and tsunami in Lima, the worst cataclysm registered in the history of Peru and South America. As a result, this study demonstrates that technology can be successfully used to establish and validate with great precision the existence of the location of churches that have been built in the port of Callao since the founding of Lima in the 16th century. Such identification allows architects, engineers and students who are interested in the history of monuments to discover hidden structures and buildings and carry out the necessary restoration and archaeological works, with the aim of recovering the history of the colonial architecture of Callao and other similar cities and ports worldwide.

The Small Spaces of Empire: Long-distance Trade, Anglo-Indian Foodways and the Bottlekhana

ABSTRACT This article is an invitation to shift the analytic focus of empire to its small spaces. Bringing one aspect of the trade history of British India – the trade in European provisions and foodstuff – in conversation with the history of colonial architecture and Anglo-Indian foodways, I argue that small spaces might reveal cultural practices and attendant structures of power that are not evident when our attention remains lodged in dominant transactions, large spaces, big events, and bulk commodities. In this article I specifically turn to the bottlekhana, a storage space in colonial buildings in India, and its role in mediating the consumption of European food. This line of inquiry takes the discussion of European imports to India to the realm of servants and women who rarely figure in trade histories of the British empire.

Bad Architecture: The Problem of the Primitive Hut and the Design of New Zealand’s First Gaol

ABSTRACT New Zealand’s first gaol was built at Okiato in 1840. Like many other gaol buildings built in this period of New Zealand’s colonial history, it has been dismissed as ad hoc and inadequate. Building on work by John Stacpoole, this paper argues that this was not the case, but instead –like the official residence of the British Resident, James Busby (now known as the Treaty House at Waitangi), – New Zealand’s earliest gaol was a deliberate design, consequent of New Zealand’s status as an extension of New South Wales (NSW), and it attributes the design to discredited NSW’s Colonial Architect Ambrose Hallen, the erstwhile editor of John Verge’s Waitangi Treaty House design. The mistaking of Hallen’s Okiato gaol as building rather than architecture was a result of its apparently rudimentary nature, and the New Zealand Centennial’s positioning of New Zealand architecture as directly inherited from Britain – consequently bypassing the significant role of NSW in New Zealand’s earliest colonial architecture, and facilitating the historical belittling of Hallen’s value as an architect.

Study on The Influence of Colonial Architecture of Vernacular Environment

A traditional house is a symbol that represents a certain environmental area with their culture. However, there is a number of urban configuration in DI Yogyakarta that reflects the influence of Dutch colonization (1816-1941). This is characterized by a collection of contrasts and overlays of different forms of architecture and urbanism. This legacy of colonial architecture and urban planning has ignited different perspectives on the sustainable development of rural areas and the diversification of the rural economy. The purpose of this study was to examine and identify the Limasan house of DI Yogyakarta with a pyramid-shaped roof as its hallmark. Therefore, using a qualitative research method, that of grounded theory, the different influences of colonial architecture for sustainable design development in line with research objectives were investigated. The results showed the identification of factors that influence the well-being of buildings’ residents and the interaction of the external and internal environment of buildings. This current study contributes to shedding light on the meaning and representation of Yogyakarta’s Limasan house design with a scientific approach.

Reconstruction of the lost colonial architecture in the context of heritage tourism: Dutch Trading Post in Taiwan

To strengthen brand identity, enrich tourist experiences, and promote heritage education, Taijiang National Park proposed to reconstruct Taiwan’s Dutch Trading Post in a different location from where it was initially erected in the 17th century. This paper is a case study of the reconstruction proposal for a lost colonial architectural complex in the context of heritage tourism. It discusses the practical and academic issues of rebuilding long-lost colonial heritage sites. The author provided a first-hand account of the technical and practical reasoning for reconstructing a bygone complex erected by Dutch settlers. Historical development phases of the Dutch Trading Post of Taiwan were first introduced, and then a reconstruction strategy was proposed to resolve conflicts with legal constraints. Additionally, a site selection process using GIS, a conceptually driven plan for reconstruction, and a 3D simulation were provided. Three specific issues in heritage rebuilding were further discussed, including the decision to reconstruct a heritage building (complex), the authenticity of the reconstructed building if done in a different location from where it was initially situated, and the need to discover more archaeological facts.

A Developmental Ontology for the Colonial Architecture of Salps.

AbstractColonial animals are composed of clonal individuals that remain physically connected and physiologically integrated. Salps are tunicates with a dual life cycle, including an asexual solitary stage that buds sexual colonies composed of jet-propelling zooids that efficiently swim together as a single unit by multijet propulsion. Colonies from different species develop distinct architectures characterized by their zooid arrangement patterns, but this diversity has received little attention. Thus, these architectures have never been formally defined using a framework of variables and axes that would allow comparative analyses. We set out to define an ontology of the salp colony architecture morphospace and describe the developmental pathways that build the different architectures. To inform these definitions, we collected and photographed live specimens of adult and developing colonies through offshore scuba diving. Since all salp colonies begin their development as a transversal double chain, we characterized each adult colonial architecture as a series of developmental transitions, such as rotations and translations of zooids, relative to their orientation at this early shared stage. We hypothesize that all adult architectures are either final or intermediate stages within three developmental pathways toward bipinnate, cluster, or helical forms. This framework will enable comparative studies on the biomechanical implications, ecological functions, evolutionary history, and engineering applications of the diversity of salp colony architectures.

Biology of the southern giant hornet, Vespa soror: nest architecture, morphological differences among castes, and the genetic structure of colonies.

Giant hornets in the genus Vespa are apex predators that are known throughout Asia for their exceptional size and devastating group attacks on social insect colonies. The giant hornets include Vespa mandarinia, a well-studied and widespread temperate species, and Vespa soror, a poorly known sister species that is limited to subtropical and tropical regions of Southeast Asia. Both species have been recently documented on the west coast of North America, raising urgent questions about their potential impact in novel ecosystems. To better understand the biology of V. soror, we describe the nest architecture, caste morphology, and genetic structure of colonies collected in Vietnam. Comparisons of colony metrics between the two giant hornet species suggest important differences that are likely a consequence of the relatively warmer climate in which V. soror occurs. Like V. mandarinia, V. soror constructs large, underground nests of partially enveloped horizontal combs. However, compared to temperate V. mandarinia colonies, the longer nesting period of subtropical V. soror colonies likely resulted in relatively larger colony sizes and nests by the end of their annual cycle. Vespa soror workers and gynes were larger than males, distinguishable based on wing shape and body size (total length and measures of six body parts), and equivalent in size to female castes of V. mandarinia. We genotyped colony members from three mature nests, which revealed that males and females were offspring of singly mated queens. Two colonies were monogynous, but one colony was comprised of two unrelated matrilines. Polygyny has not been observed for V. mandarinia, but is more common in tropical hornet species. Our study sheds light on essential details about the biology of an understudied species of giant hornet, whose populous colonies and long nesting period suggest the potential for substantial ecological impact wherever they occur.

PELATIHAN BAHASA INGGRIS UNTUK PEREMPUAN WIRAUSAHA DI KAMPUNG HERITAGE KAJOETANGAN, KOTA MALANG

City tourism is one of the attractions that can be visited by local and foreign tourists. City tourismhas various types of attractions, one of which is a tourist village. Tourism villages can improve thelocal community's economy and have the competitiveness to become the leading tourism in a city.Kajoetangan Heritage Village, which is located in Malang City, has tourism potential because it hasthe characteristics of a row of houses with Dutch colonial architecture that are still original andwell preserved. In addition, in this tourist village there are also entrepreneurs who are dominatedby women. This business has the potential to boost the economy by selling superior products andservices to tourists. This training aims to improve the English language skills of womenentrepreneurs in offering and selling their products to foreign tourists. As a result, participants areable to demonstrate skills in conducting conversations in English to sell and offer products andservices.
 

Forging the City Image during the French Colonial Period (1883-1962) in the Case of Jijel (Algeria)

The urban configuration of Algerian cities reflects the influence of French colonization (1883-1962). This is characterized by a collection of contrasts and overlays of different forms of architecture and urbanism. In all urban agglomerations in Algeria, the colonial section remains the most prominent and structured. This legacy of colonial architecture and urban planning has ignited a national debate in political and academic circles regarding its classification as heritage. This current study contributes to the debate by adopting a neutral and scientific approach in order to smooth things out and shed light on the role and creation of urban form and its image, specifically through the example of Jijel. The notion of urban image is explored through colonial architectural achievements, urban planning, and artistic endeavours that were emblematic of the city during the colonial period and continue to be so today. This article showcases various works created during the colonial period in Jijel, those that still convey an identity that defines the city. The concern for this identity is substantiated by a research project that seeks to identify the city's image through significant architectural works across different epochs and determine those that accurately convey the city's identity within the country.

An Assessment of Cultural Places of Interest in Tshwane to Inform a Tourism Shift From Colonial to Indigenous Towards Decolonisation

This paper continues from the premise that the built form of the South African post-apartheid city continues to perpetuate the paradigm that only the colonial culture is available for tourist consumption. South Africa is a culturally diverse country that provides tourism to an international tourist market that seeks diverse cultural experiences. However, with most African cultural artefacts found encased in colonial architecture museums, questions arise regarding the authenticity of the cultural experience and the appropriate cultural representation in built form. This paper provides recommendations towards the transformation of the post-apartheid city following an assessment of the current tourist attractions that host cultural artefacts and serve as tourist attractions. Most of this data exists, and this paper investigates, collates and assesses the data based on these criteria: colonial and indigenous, restricted, and accessible, and static or transformative. The collated data is presented in urban mapping and architectural illustrations. The study is focused on the City of Tshwane in South Africa. Selected case studies are presented. The findings indicate a substantial under-representation in the City of Tshwane of what this paper argues to be culturally appropriate tourist attractions. This paper argues that there is a market for the consumption of culture as an experience away from colonial towards indigenous.

Akulturasi Arsitektur Kolonial terhadap Perbedaan Iklim di SDN Ditotruman Lumajang dan Rumah Dinas Bakorwil Madiun

<p><em><span lang="EN-US">The phenomenon of acculturation between Dutch and Indonesian cultures occurs a lot in colonial cultural heritage objects. This condition is a description of a Dutch building during the colonial period. Differences in climate are fundamental between the Netherlands and Indonesia, colonial buildings in Indonesia exist as a form of adaptation to the climate in Indonesia. Adaptations to colonial buildings in the form of openings, roof shapes, and ceiling heights. Acculturation can be seen in spatial patterns, and column shapes. The method in this study is descriptive qualitative, and data collection is a literature study related to colonial architecture. The objects in the field have colonial architectural characteristics in the exterior and interior elements. The purpose of this research is to analyze the architectural elements of colonial architecture in Indonesia. The results of the research can add insight into the forms of adaptation to climate in colonial architecture.</span></em></p>

Selling Black Brazil: Race, Nation, and Visual Culture in Salvador, Bahia

Selling Black Brazil: Race, Nation, and Visual Culture in Salvador, Bahia