Objective: This paper aims to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic complete mesocolic resection on the efficacy and survival of patients with colon cancer. Methods: 80 colon cancer patients were included in this study, 40 of whom were treated with traditional radical colon cancer surgery as the control group, and the other 40 were treated with laparoscopic complete mesocolic resection radical colon cancer surgery as the observation group. The study period lasted from April 2022 to April 2023, and the surgical indexes, postoperative recovery, quality of life, and the occurrence of complications of the two groups were monitored throughout the whole process and compared and analyzed. Results: The therapeutic effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The operation time, bleeding volume and postoperative hospitalization time of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the number of lymph node dissection was significantly higher than that of the control group, with highly significant differences (all P < 0.001). The postoperative recovery of the observation group (time of first anal defecation, time of first solid food intake, and time of wound healing) was significantly better than that of the control group (all P < 0.001). The quality of life of the observation group was significantly improved with a highly significant correlation (P < 0.001), and the complication rate was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Laparoscopic radical colon cancer surgery with complete mesocolic resection for colon cancer shows better clinical effects and advantages in the treatment of colon cancer, which is worth further promotion and application in clinical practice.