Colligative Properties Of Solutions Research Articles

Identification of Students' Misconceptions Using a Four-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Test on Colligative Properties of Solutions

Misconception is an event of a wrong concept received by students after following a learning process, the concept received is not in accordance with existing scientific studies. This study aims to identify students' misconceptions on the colligative properties of the solution and the factors that cause misconceptions. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The instrument used is a four-tier multiple choice diagnostic test. This study involved 34 students of class XII MIA at MA Khulafaur Rasyidin Sungai Raya. The results showed that the level of misconceptions of students had an average percentage of 34% with a moderate misconception category, where a total of 65% students experienced misconceptions in the sub-topic of vapor pressure depression, 26,30% students experienced misconceptions in the sub-topic of freezing point depression, 33,30% students experienced misconceptions in the sub-topic of boiling point elevation, and 26% students experienced misconceptions in the sub-topic of osmotic pressure. Based on the results of the interview, the factors causing misconceptions in this study consist of internal and external factors. Internal factors come from students, that are students provide concept ideas spontaneously based on their understanding without being investigated first, students provide incorrect reasoning, students are confused in connecting one concept with another, lack of interest and ability of students in learning chemistry. External factors come from the context and teaching methods, where one of the learners' discussion partners has misconceptions, the teacher is more dominant in providing chemical explanations in mathematical form, and limited experiments. Those misconceptions can be reduced by presenting the topic in an interesting way, using an experiment, or using multiple representations approach.

Correction: Colligative Properties of Solutions: I. Fixed Concentrations

Correction: Colligative Properties of Solutions: I. Fixed Concentrations

Exploration and Inventory of Banjar Etnochemistry as a Learning Source in Indonesia Senior High School Chemistry Context

Ethnochemistry is the study of chemical practices by specific cultural groups that are used for activities following the ideology of the community, including the Banjarese community. Banjar ethnochemistry can be integrated into science learning, especially for Indonesia’s senior high school chemistry learning context. This study aims to analyze the results of exploring the local wisdom of the Banjarese community, which is included in ethnochemistry, and to take an inventory of Banjar ethnochemical knowledge as a source of Indonesia senior high school chemistry learning. The study uses an exploratory qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. The subjects in this research are community leaders and academics who understand Banjar ethnochemistry. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the Banjar ethnochemical exploration include Banjar soup, sasirangan, basungu, rub ash, batimung, sepat dry fish, diamond, tanggui, tapai Gambut, laduman, kelakai, ironwood, ironwood hair oil, fish pentol, selangat shredded fish, Mangurak wells, mandai, and lahang ice. An inventory of Banjar ethnochemical knowledge that can be used as a source for Indonesia senior high school chemistry learning consists of acids and bases, chemistry and its scope, alkane derivatives, macromolecules, elemental chemistry, and colligative properties of solutions.

Development of a Chemo-Entrepreneurship Practicum Video to Improve Material Understanding of Colligative Properties for Senior High School

In the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, soft skill development practicum, entrepreneurship, and mastery of material concepts are all critical components in meeting challenges. By incorporating entrepreneurial aspects into practicum, efforts can be made to improve its quality. This research aims to create a practical video with Chemo-entrepreneurship (CEP) on the colligative properties of solutions and evaluate the video quality and student reactions to the product. This study uses a 4D development model to conduct development research (R&D) (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The product is a chemo-entrepreneurship practicum video in an mp4 that shows making ice cream, soursop syrup, and salted eggs. One material expert lecturer, one media expert lecturer, and four reviewers validate the product. The results of media experts' product quality assessment receive a 95 percent rating in the Very Good category, material experts receive a 90 percent rating in the Very Good category, and senior high school chemistry teachers receive a 95 percent rating in the Very Good category. With a positive response rate of 97 percent, the students were enthusiastic about the video. Based on the evaluation results, it can be concluded that the developed product is suitable for use in the learning process in senior high school on the collaborative properties of solutions to improve entrepreneurship skills and students' understanding

Praktikalitas dan Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Powerpoint-Ispring Terintegrasi Multipel Representasi Kimia Dan Pertanyaan Prompting Materi Sifat Koligatif Larutan Kelas XII MIPA SMA/MA

The colligative of properties of solution is one of the mandatory materials in high school/MA level chemistry subjects in class XII. The concepts in the colligative properties of solutions are abstract, so it is often difficult for students to understand. To respond to the problems above, there has been the development of Microsoft PowerPoint-iSpring media that integrates prompting questions and three levels of chemical representation on the colligative properties of the solution, but the practicality and effectiveness tests have not been carried out. This study aims to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the integrated PowerPoint-iSpring learning media with multiple chemical representations and prompt questions on the colligative properties of solutions on the learning outcomes of students in class XII science high school/MA. In this study, practicality and effectiveness tests were conducted. The effectiveness test used a pre-experimental design research design with one group pretest post-test research design. The educated population consisted of students in class XI IPA and XII MIPA at SMAN 2 Koto XI Tarusan and the sample was selected using the purposive sampling technique. The sample class in this study was class XII MIPA 3. The instrument for the practicality test was in the form of a questionnaire, while for the effectiveness test the instrument was in the form of a multiple choice test. The results of the study obtained a practicality value of 78.25 from teachers and students with practical categories based on practicality data analysis from practitioners and the integrated PowerPoint-iSpring learning media with multiple chemical representations and prompting questions on the material colligative properties of effective solutions in improving student learning outcomes in class XII IPA at SMAN 2 Koto XI Tarusan with an N-Gain score of 0.77 in the high category and analysis a t-test obtained that the pretest average was significantly smaller than the posttest average.

PENERAPAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN CONCEPT MAPPING MANDIRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XII IPA 6 PADA MATERI SIFAT KOLIGATIF LARUTAN DI SMA NEGERI 1 SUMBER PUCUNG

Chemistry subject aims to equip students with the ability to think logically, analytically, systematically, critically, and creatively. Chemistry subjects. requires critical thinking for students. This makes the teacher to think creatively. Teacher creativity is needed to develop a learning process that adapts to the circumstances of students and schools. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of independent concept mapping learning media and to know the improvement of student learning outcomes in class XII IPA 6 on the colligative properties of solutions in chemistry subjects at SMA Negeri 1 Sumberpucung. The result of this research is that this research uses classroom action research (CAR). The stages are planning, implementation, observation and reflection. After the implementation of independent concept mapping media, in cycle I and cycle II it showed that concept mapping could improve student learning outcomes for class XII science 6. The percentage of success initially was 70, 37% after the cycle II was carried out, the learning outcomes were 88, 88%. If calculated, it has increased by 18.51%.

The Relationship between Social Attitudes and Student Chemistry Learning Outcomes During the Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to describe the relationship between social attitudes and student chemistry learning outcomes during the Covid-19 pandemic. This type of ex-post facto quantitative research involved 203 students of class XII science which was determined by using multistage random sampling technique from a total population of 406 students at Madrasah Aliyah Mataram. Social attitude data were obtained from questionnaires and learning outcomes data were obtained from description questions on the colligative properties of solutions. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the categories for social attitudes and student chemistry learning outcomes were in the moderate category with a percentage of 68,5% and 66%, respectively. Of the seven element of social attitudes, the highest value is found in the element of tolerance and the lowest value is found in the honest element. The results of the analysis show that social attitudes and student chemistry learning outcomes during the Covid-19 pandemic have a positive and significant relationship although it is very low (rxy = 0,24). Based on these results, it can be concluded that social attitudes can affect student chemistry learning outcomes during the Covid-19 pandemic in class XII IPA at Madrasah Aliyah Mataram, although the effect is relatively low. It is hoped that these findings will be taken into consideration by schools so that they can take appropriate policies so that student learning outcomes are better.

Development of Higher Order Thinking Skill Qualified Test on Colligative Properties of Solutions

Higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) become one of the major focuses of 21st-century learning. Those skills can be trained through stimulus in the learning process and assessment that uses hots-based questions. The research aims to generate higher-order thinking skills qualified questions on colligative properties of solutions that fulfill validity and reliability instrument. This research uses the Borg Gall development model that consists of data collection, product planning, expert validation, limited trial, and final product improvement stages. The data collection procedure consisted of a study of documentation, validation sheets, and tests. Validation sheets are used to carry out validation tests and product quality assessments by experts and reviewers. The test was used to conduct a limited trial by 40 students of class XII MAN Temanggung. The test subjects were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The results of this study were 20 HOTS-qualified multiple-choice questions on the colligative properties of solutions that have very good quality by the experts and reviewers' judgment. Item analysis based on the results of the limited test on 40 students showed 17 items (85%) were valid with a reliability value of 0.82 (very strong); the difficulty level of the items is 15% easy, 75% medium, 10% difficult and; the distinguishing power of questions obtained 85% good categories. It can be concluded that the HOTS-qualified questions for the material of Colligative Properties of Solutions have good quality and are suitable for use as an assessment instrument

The Development of Chemical Learning Based on Chemical Commissions to Improve Concept Mastery and Students’ Creative Thinking

This study aims to develop comic chemistry-based learning to improve students' conceptual mastery and creative thinking on the colligative properties of solutions (SKL). In this study, the development of chemical comic media was validated and tested on a small and large scale. Data on student learning outcomes which include cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects were collected using the test and observation method with observation sheets. From the data obtained, the magnitude of the influence of chemical comic media on students' creative thinking skills and mastery of concepts was 38.03% and 22.17%, respectively. Mastery of concepts and creative thinking in the experimental class was higher than in the control class. The difference in concept mastery and creative thinking was due to the use of chemical comics learning media to attract students' attention to learning and make teaching and learning more enjoyable. This study concluded that there was an effect of using comics media that has been developed on the creative thinking power and mastery of students' concepts on the colligative properties of solutions.

Developing an Android-Based Test on Colligative Properties of Solution

Android-based tests in chemistry are still limited and few in development. This research has been carried out to describe the result of developing an Android-based test on the colligative properties of the solution. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The product/application was created using the Android Studio application (in the.apk format) and can be used on smartphones. Moreover, its details are described, including every visual appearance. The application is interesting, easy to use, can be accessed offline and visualizes animated videos so that it can be used to measure student’s ability to explain the colligative properties.

The phenomenon of brine rejection: a practical proposal for prospective primary teacher training

The fact that sea ice may be a suitable source for fresh water is nothing new; in fact, sailors were aware of this long ago. Nevertheless, the issue that ice does reject the ions of a saline solution is not a well known topic by both novice learners and prospective teachers. This paper describes a practical activity carried out in the regular chemistry training course aimed at teachers-to-be with the objectives of, on the one hand, getting to know the phenomenon of brine rejection and, on the other hand, taking advantage of the utilized experimental design to gain insight into the colligative properties of solutions. This activity might also be adequate for secondary and high school levels.

The notions of the initial components and phases, detailed components and chemical forms in the interpretations of colligative properties of solutions

In the paper the relation of modern concepts on solutions with colligative solution properties is fully formalized. The necessity of obvious taking into account not only the well-known Vant-Hoff’s principle about universal behavior of matter in the dissipated state, but the specificity of detailed components in comparison with initial (brutto-) components. The aggregate of consequences from Gibbs fundamental equation is supplemented by means of these grounds.

Electrolyte Solutions and Specific Ion Effects on Interfaces

Introductory general and physical chemistry courses often deal with colligative properties of solutions and do not discuss nonideal solutions in detail. Yet, a growing body of evidence reveals that even at physiological concentrations electrolyte solutions cannot be treated as ideal when a charged or partially charged solute (such as a protein) is present in the solution. In such cases, the interactions between the salt ions and the solute depend on the specific ions that constitute the electrolyte solution (specific ion effects). For example, the catalytic efficiency of an enzyme may be different in NaCl and KCl solutions. In this article, specific ion effects are reviewed from a historical perspective, and then the current state of knowledge is presented at a qualitative level that is appropriate for second-year or advanced undergraduate science students. Finally, the related nomenclature (Bjerrum ion pairs, Hofmeister series, lyotropic series, and specific ion effects) is analyzed, and some suggestions...

Introduction of Differential Scanning Calorimetry in a General Chemistry Laboratory Course: Determination of Molar Mass by Freezing Point Depression

In many first-year general chemistry undergraduate courses, colligative properties of solutions are commonly discussed. However, even though these colligative properties are discussed in class they are infrequently reinforced in the general chemistry laboratory setting with actual examples and experiments. There have been experiments done in general chemistry laboratories for the determination of molar mass by freezing point depression using classical methodology. Today, it has become increasingly important to incorporate modern techniques and instrumentation into the general chemistry curriculum to provide a more hands-on and meaningful learning environment for the general chemistry students. This enables the reinforcement of subjects and concepts from the lecture into the laboratory. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a rugged, easy-to-use instrumental method for the determination of various thermodynamic properties. The work described herein incorporates DSC to determine the molar mass of an un...

Colligative Properties of Solutions: II. Vanishing Concentrations

Colligative Properties of Solutions: II. Vanishing Concentrations

Colligative Properties of Solutions: I. Fixed Concentrations

Using the formalism of rigorous statistical mechanics, we study the phenomena of phase separation and freezing-point depression upon freezing of solutions. Specifically, we devise an Ising-based model of a solvent--solute system and show that, in the ensemble with a fixed amount of solute, a macroscopic phase separation occurs in an interval of values of the chemical potential of the solvent. The boundaries of the phase separation domain in the phase diagram are characterized and shown to asymptotically agree with the formulas used in heuristic analyses of freezing-point depression. The limit of infinitesimal concentrations is described in a subsequent paper.

Colligative Properties of Solutions: I. Fixed Concentrations

Using the formalism of rigorous statistical mechanics, we study the phenomena of phase separation and freezing-point depression upon freezing of solutions. Specifically, we devise an Ising-based model of a solvent--solute system and show that, in the ensemble with a fixed amount of solute, a macroscopic phase separation occurs in an interval of values of the chemical potential of the solvent. The boundaries of the phase separation domain in the phase diagram are characterized and shown to asymptotically agree with the formulas used in heuristic analyses of freezing-point depression. The limit of infinitesimal concentrations is described in a subsequent paper.

Freezing Point of Mixtures of C6H6 with C6D6 or 13C6H6 and of CH3COOH with CH3COOD or CD3COOD

The freezing points of mixtures of benzene, C6H6, with one of its isotopes, C6D6 and 13C6H6, and those of acetic acid CH3COOH with its isotopes, CH3COOD and CD3COOD, were measured as functions of the molal concentrations of C6D6 and 13C6H6, CH3COOD and CD3COOD, respectively. They changed linearly or non-linearly with increasing molal concentration of C6D6 and 13C6H6, CH3COOD, and CD3COOD, respectively. These findings confirm Kiyosawa’s previous conclusion drawn from experiments on the freezing points of mixtures of H216O with H218O or H217O. This hypothesis states that even a difference in the number of neutrons in the hydrogen or oxygen atoms of water molecules makes water molecules behave as different entities with respect to the colligative properties of solutions. This concept can be extended to mixtures of ordinary benzene with either of its isotopes, C6D6 or 13C6H6, and those of ordinary acetic acid CH3COOH with either of its isotopes, CH3COOD or CD3COOD.

A Simple Demonstration Model of Osmosis

A simple device constructed from a wire screen, a large beaker, beans, and oats is described. It provides a simple and effective visual model of the phenomenon of osmosis and, by extension, the origin of other colligative properties of solutions.

Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Nuclear Size

The concentration of macromolecules inside cells is high, and the resultant crowding of cytoplasm can be expected to affect many interactions involving macromolecular assemblies. Here, we have examined the effect of solute size and concentration on nuclear volume in saponin-permeabilized macrophages. Nuclei swelled in the presence of small solutes and shrank reversibly in the presence of larger permeant solutes. Remarkably, the smallest, solutes capable of shrinking the nucleus were not excluded by the pores in the nuclear envelope. Indeed, nuclei shrank in the presence of such solutes even after the nuclear envelope had been sheared mechanically or permeabilized with detergent. Nuclei extracted with 1% Triton X-100 shrank in the presence of very high concentrations of small solute molecules (30% w/v) as well as in lower concentrations of larger solutes. Consistent with a macromolecular crowding effect, changes in nuclear volume were dependent on solute size and not simply dependent on the colligative properties of solutes or the exclusion of solutes by the nuclear envelope. Solute size-dependent changes in nuclear volume were independent of the chemical nature of the solutes and of the activity of the ions in the buffer. Together, these observations indicate that high concentrations of macromolecules such as those found inside cells can influence the size of the nucleus by directly affecting nuclear structure.