College Men Research Articles

“It’s Bad Enough I’m Black…But Disabled Too?!”: A Qualitative Exploration of After-COVID-19 Experiences for Black College Men Living with Disabilities

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of Black college men living with disabilities, namely ADHD and/or depression, as defined by DSM-5. Using naturalistic methods and a semi-structured interview protocol, we focused on understanding their experiences during the Great Pandemic (COVID-19) and the implications for campus support services in a post-COVID-19 era. The key implications for future research, policy, and practice are highlighted.

The associations between religiosity and the Big-Five personality traits in college students from Sudan

Research on the association between religiosity and personality with Arab participants is rare. The aim of the present study was to explore this association using a sample (N = 623) of college students from Sudan. They responded to the Arabic Scale of Intrinsic Religiosity and the Arabic Big-Five Personality Inventory. The results indicated that men obtained a significantly higher mean score than did women for extraversion, whereas women obtained higher mean total scores for religiosity and neuroticism than did men. For both genders, religiosity was significantly and positively associated with agreeableness and conscientiousness. In college men only, religiosity was significantly correlated with extraversion. A principal components analysis of the combined sample of men and women retained two components and labeled “Positive traits” and “Neuroticism and Introversion”. Predictors of religiosity were Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. The model explains 42% of the variance. It was concluded that the associations observed in the Sudanese sample reflect the general pattern observed in other international samples.

Mediators of the Link Between Psychopathy and Sexual Coercion: The Role of Rape Myth Acceptance, Arousal, and Misperception of Sexual Interest.

The current study explores the relationship between psychopathy, cognitive distortions that could promote sexual coercion, i.e., rape myth acceptance (RMA) and misperception of sexual intent (MPSI), and one's level of sexual arousal on the intentions to use sexual coercion. Using a sample of 218 college men (aged 18-69) and a hypothetical vignette design, we examine potential direct and indirect effects of psychopathy on coercion intentions. Psychopathy directly related to coercion intentions and also operated indirectly through RMA. Furthermore, RMA was related to coercion intentions through MPSI. Implications for understanding sexual coercion pathways and prevention efforts are discussed.

Pornography Use, Perceived Peer Norms, and Attitudes Toward Women: A Study of College Men

Men’s negative attitudes toward women represent a known risk factor for sexual aggression perpetration. Sexual aggression is a widespread public health concern, especially among emerging adults, and is associated with a multitude of negative consequences. The current study evaluated whether pornography-related perceived peer norms, own approval, and self-reported use are associated with negative attitudes toward women in a sample of college men. Types of pornography examined included pornography (in general); pornography that included portrayals of bondage, whipping, and spanking but without explicit dissent (i.e., pornography that depicted bondage/physical aggression); as well as pornography consisting of sexually explicit rape depictions in which force is used. Self-report measures assessing the frequency of pornography exposure, self-acceptance of pornography use, and perceived peer norms were collected from 283 college men. A multiple linear regression model revealed that only perceived peer norms for acceptance of pornography that depicted rape was positively associated with negative attitudes toward women. Findings highlight the importance of better understanding and addressing perceived peer norms in sexual assault prevention programs for college men.

Motives for Sex and Sexual Perpetration in College Men: An Exploratory Study.

Prior research has rarely focused on sexual motives (e.g., motives for having sex) when studying sexual violence perpetration prevention. The current study examined the role of sexual motives alongside other risk factors like alcohol expectancies in predicting sexual violence. We analyzed data from 205 male college students; 36% reported sexual perpetration of some type. Participants completed a series of questionnaires in a randomized order, including: measures of prior sexual perpetration, sexual motives, rape myth acceptance, alcohol expectancies, and a measure of social desirability. Data were analyzed using a series of T-tests and logistic regressions. With one exception (coping motives), all sexual motives (intimacy, enhancement, self-affirmation, peer approval, and partner approval) were endorsed at higher levels by individuals who perpetrated sexual violence than those who did not (p < .05, Cohen's d = .25-.56). The partner approval motive significantly predicted sexual violence perpetration on its own. The enhancement motive, both independently and in interaction with alcohol expectancies for aggression, predicted sexual violence perpetration. Two other motives, intimacy and self-affirmation, were only significant in interaction with alcohol expectancies for aggression. All sexual motives were endorsed more frequently by those who perpetrated sexual violence than those who did not. Sexual motives had a complex interaction with alcohol expectancies in predicting sexual violence perpetration. The results suggest that intervention programs should emphasize healthy, consensual sexual relationships that do not involve alcohol.

Impulsivity Moderates the Association Between Anxiety and Problem Gambling Among Canadian Undergraduates.

Tension reduction theory suggests anxious people gamble to cope with negative affect. Literature demonstrates mixed associations between anxiety and gambling behaviours, hence, the important of examining moderators. This study examined how impulsivity moderated anxiety and problem gambling as well as gambling to cope. Given key gender differences, moderation was examined across genders. A sample of 484 undergraduate students who endorsed gambling behaviours completed anxiety, impulsivity, and problem gambling measures. Results showed men with higher levels of anxiety scored higher on problem gambling at both high (B = 0.706, SE = 0.073, p < 0.0001, f2 = 0.20) and low (B = 0.262, SE = 0.103, p = 0.01, f2 = 0.01) impulsivity, though the effect sizes were much larger for men with high impulsivity. This moderation effect was not found in women (B = 0.000, SE = 0.009, p = 0.959). Results showed men with higher levels of anxiety scored higher on coping motives for gambling at both high (B = 0.253, SE = 0.046, p < 0.0001, f2 = 0.06) and low B = 0.141, SE = 0.063, p = 0.026, f2 = 0.01) impulsivity, though the effect sizes were larger for men with high impulsivity. Again, this moderation effect was not found in women (B = - 0.101, SE = 0.006, p = 0.100). Findings from this may help inform impulsivity-focused interventions, such as strengthening impulse control and instilling more adaptive coping strategies to lower gambling risk among university men.

Swipe for Your Right to Party: Gender, Social Structure, and Social Media in College Drinking Intensity

ABSTRACT College drinking scholars have built a deep literature around the ways in which gender shapes drinking culture and its outcomes. Few have explicitly explored the way that gender combines with other structural attributes, like social class, and works through social media interaction to predict drinking intensity. We investigate the way gender, identity, and different types of social media involvement can help explain drinking intensity among college students at an institution with a strong party culture. A series of nested regressions show that men’s drinking intensity is more strongly associated with dimensions of male identity related to family social class and father’s political leaning. Furthermore, we find a complex relationship between drinking intensity and different dimensions of social media use. For both college women and men, there is a positive association between the intensity of use of general social media platforms and drinking intensity, but this association is not significant when accounting for their involvement in college party culture. However, after accounting for party culture involvement, our results suggest that use of apps related to hookup culture participation may represent an additional dimension that is associated with drinking intensity, a finding that seems especially prominent for some men. We conclude by discussing implications, limitations, and directions for future research

Family functioning, depression, anxiety and stress, in time of pandemic, in university men and women of the UAEH

The confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic has brought with various social, economic and health problems, significantly impacting the psychological state of people around the world; therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the correlation between the variables of depression, anxiety and stress with family functioning in university men and women, through a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience 256 students of the bachelor’s degree were included, of which 176 were women and 80 men, in a range of 17 to 30 years, to whom the DASS-21 scale and the Instrument Perception of Family Functioning FF-SIL were applied. It was found that there is a significant and negative correlation between the variables studied, which means that the higher the family functioning, lower will be levels of depression, anxiety and stress; in addition, significant differences were found between men and women for the anxiety and stress variables.

Effect of resistance with SAQ training on leg strength and speed among college men kabaddi players

Effect of resistance with SAQ training on leg strength and speed among college men kabaddi players

Effects of fartlek training on improving endurance ability in university men kabaddi players

Effects of fartlek training on improving endurance ability in university men kabaddi players

Black Men’s Experiences at Predominantly Black Institutions (PBIs) and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) : A 30-Year Interpretative Meta-Synthesis

Several studies on Black men in colleges and universities focused heavily on quantitative measurements of their enrollment, retention or attrition, and graduation rates. In contrast, limited research shed light on their qualitative experiences on college/university campuses. Of those, many found that African American male students face unique challenges at predominantly white colleges, including feelings of invisibility, microaggressions, and a dearth of Black faculty. This study takes a different angle to fill the gap by studying the Black men’s experiences at PBIs and HBCUs. Utilizing a Black Male College “Choice” Framework (BMCCF), three reoccurring themes were identified to describe the experiences of Black men at both PBIs and HBCUs: family, psychological, and institutional. Overall, the study found close similarities in the Black Men’s experiences between PBIs and HBCUs. Implications for future research are also suggested.

Explaining College Men’s Rape Myth Acceptance: The Role of Sports Media, Masculine Norms & Fraternity Membership

Sexual assault is a serious public health issue that is particularly pervasive on U.S. college campuses, and it is well established that men’s acceptance of rape myths is associated with negative, and even harmful, attitudes and behaviors toward women. Given the association of rape myths with sexual assault, there is a critical need to identify factors associated with men’s acceptance of such myths. To this end, we surveyed 318 fraternity men and 183 non-fraternity college men in the United States to test whether sports media use and conformity to masculine norms, specifically beliefs in controlling women and sexual permissiveness, are associated with rape myth acceptance. Results showed that, after controlling for demographic characteristics including fraternity membership, regular sports media exposure, conformity to masculine norms that support control over women and permissive sexual activity (e.g. playboy norms), were positively associated with rape myth acceptance. This study contributes to a better understanding of multidimensional relationships between sports media consumption, conformity to masculine norms, and rape-supportive culture among young men.

Sexual assault proclivity and sexual aggression in college men: Associations with psychopathic traits and sex drive

BackgroundConceptual models of sexual violence against women suggest that psychopathic traits and aspects of hypersexuality are important risk factors in a variety of populations. In college samples, studies have yet to examine (1) whether sex drive as a component of hypersexuality is linked with sexual violence and (2) whether both psychopathic traits and sex drive are uniquely associated with sexual violence (i.e., proclivity for sexual assault, prior sexual coercion), beyond other known risk factors and each other. MethodsA structural equation modeling approach was used to examine a large representative sample of college men (N = 1148; Mage = 20.09, SD = 2.16) assessed for known risk factors of sexual violence, their sexual assault proclivity, and prior sexual coercion. FindingsLatent psychopathy and sex drive factors were moderately associated; however, only the psychopathic traits factor was linked to both sexual assault proclivity and prior sexual coercion—over age, empathy, and alcohol use—whereas the sex drive factor associated with sexual assault proclivity. ConclusionPsychopathy was the strongest factor linked to sexual violence in this national sample of college men. Consistent with increasing attention as a risk component, sex drive also accounted for sexually violent risk factors.

Preventing sexual violence in Vietnam: qualitative findings from high school, university, and civil society key informants across regions

BackgroundSexual violence by young men against women is common, but efficacious primary prevention interventions tailored to men are limited in low- and middle-income settings like Vietnam. GlobalConsent, a web-based sexual violence prevention intervention tailored to university men in Hanoi, is efficacious. Implementation research is needed to understand facilitators and barriers to scaling GlobalConsent and prevention programs generally. We conducted qualitative research with key informants from three youth-focused organizational settings to understand the context of implementation in Vietnam.MethodsInterviews with university (n = 15), high-school (n = 15) and non-governmental (n = 15) key informants focused on perceptions about sexual violence among young people and prevention programming. Four focus group discussions with 22 interviewed informants, following the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, asked about facilitators and barriers to implementing GlobalConsent. Narratives were transcribed, translated, and coded inductively and deductively to identify salient themes.ResultsOuter-setting influences included greater expectations for sex among young people alongside norms favoring men’s sexual privilege, ostensibly ambiguous and lax laws on sexual violence, government ministries as bureaucratic but potential allies, external subject-matter experts, and the media. Inner-setting influences included variable cultures regarding openness to discuss sexual violence and equitable gender norms, variable departmental coordination, limited funding and ‘red tape’ especially in public institutions, inconsistent student access to technologies, and limited time and competing priorities among students and teachers. Several actors were considered influential, including institutional leaders, human-resource staff, the Youth Union, and student-facing staff. Important characteristics of individuals for implementation included subject-matter expertise, science or social science training, younger age, engagement in social justice related activities, and more open attitudes about sex. Regarding characteristics of sexual violence prevention programming, some participants preferred online formats for busy students while others suggested hybrid or in-person formats, peer education, and incentives. Participants generally accepted the content of GlobalConsent and suggested adding more content for women, ancillary support services, and adapted content for high-school students.ConclusionsImplementation of sexual violence prevention programs in youth-focused organizations in Vietnam requires multilevel strategies that connect outer-setting subject-matter experts with supportive inner-setting leaders and student-facing staff to overcome normative and organizational constraints, and thereby, to deliver institution-wide programming.

Measuring Rape Empathy Among University Men in Vietnam

Abstract. Background: Empathy for rape victims is a correlate of sexual aggression and a target of interventions to reduce sexual violence on university campuses. Methods: We administered 17 adapted items from the Rape Empathy Scale to 793 first-year male undergraduates in Hanoi, Vietnam, in September 2020 and March-May 2020. Exploratory/confirmatory factor analysis (EFA/CFA) assessed factor structure and multiple group confirmatory factor analysis assessed measurement equivalence across those reporting different frequencies of sexually violent behavior and over time. Results: The final unidimensional, 10-item scale demonstrated equivalence across groups and over time. Correlations of the scale with rape myths and knowledge of the legality and harm of sexual violence suggested discriminant validity. Latent victim empathy was lower among participants who reported any recent sexually violent behavior. Conclusions: The adapted, validated Rape Empathy Scale-10 provides a useful tool for measuring rape empathy in sexual violence prevention interventions in Southeast Asia.

"'I am a Man. How Could I Possibly Have Been Raped?' Men Making Sense of Their Experiences With Sexual Violence".

Sexual violence among college students is an enduring issue that can shape adverse outcomes for victim survivors. The gender dynamics of college sexual assault and rape include rates of women overrepresented as victims and men as perpetrators. Dominant cultural frames reinforcing the (hetero)normative gendered sexual scripts of masculinity often preclude men from being considered as legitimate victims of sexual violence, despite evidence documenting their victimization. The present study contributes to knowledge of men's experiences of sexual violence by sharing the narratives of 29 college men survivors and how they make sense of their experiences. Through open and focused thematic qualitative coding, findings revealed how men struggled to understand their victimization experiences within cultural frameworks that exclude men as victims. Participants engaged in complex linguistic processes (i.e., "epiphanies") to process their unwanted sexual encounter, in addition to altering their sexual behavior after experiencing sexual violence. Findings can inform programing and interventions to be more inclusive of supporting men as victims.

Removing the Mask: College Men and Post-COVID Resocialization

The COVID-19 pandemic altered the ways that college men experience, interpret, and understand their perceptions of masculinity. This qualitative, phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of 28 second- and third-year men students. Three primary themes emerged from the analysis: navigating and adjusting to change; managing social reentry; and redefining masculinity. These findings provide insight into how the pandemic served as a catalyst for evolving definitions of masculinity and gender expectations on campus.

Comparing Perception of Sexual Intent and the Use of Sexual Coercion in Men and Women College Students

ABSTRACT Despite research showing that many college men and women have experienced misperception of their friendliness as sexual intent, such research has focused on this type of misperception only as a correlate of men’s sexual aggression. In fact, regardless of methodology used many researchers seem to suggest women do not misperceive men’s sexual intent, and in some instances may actually under-perceive it. We used a hypothetical scenario to determine whether men (n = 324) and women (n = 689) college students perceived similar sexual intent from a character who is not the same gender as they are, as depicted in a story about a man and woman on a “date.” Our results revealed that men and women in our sample reported similar levels of perceived sexual intent on the part of the character with a different gender as described in the scenario, even after that character clearly indicated to the partner that they “think they do not want to have sex.” In addition, the perceived level of the character’s sexual intent as solicited in response to this scenario design was related to sexual coercion intentions among both men and women (though it appears more strongly related among men), and these relationships remained even after controlling for other known correlates of sexual coercion (e.g., rape myth acceptance, level of sexual arousal). Implications for the study of misperception and its origins are discussed.

Sexual Scripts and Sexual Consent: Gender Stereotypes, Music-Media Messages, and Sexual Consent Expectancies Among College Men and Women.

The pervasiveness of sexual assault among college women prompted examination of college students' sexual-consent expectancies using sexual scripting theory as a framework. We aimed to understand how personal beliefs, experiences with sexual violence, and dominant cultural gendered sexual scripts in music media inform sexual-consent expectancies among a sample of primarily White heterosexual college students at a northwestern university (n = 364). Participants viewed music videos with sexual and objectifying content and reported their perceptions of how women were portrayed. Linear mixed modeling with Maximum Likelihood with interactions by biological sex revealed associations between past sexual victimization and lower expectancies to adhere to a sexual partner's consent wishes. Men with a history of perpetrating sexual violence had lower expectancies to ask for consent, and women with more traditional sexual stereotypes had lower expectancies to seek consent or refuse unwanted sex. Having lower expectancies to adhere to a partner's consent wishes was associated with holding more traditional sexual stereotypes for both men and women. Participants who perceived women as powerlessness in viewed music videos had lower expectancies to ask for consent from a sexual partner, to refuse unwanted sexual advances, and to adhere to a decision regarding sexual consent. Through the lens of sexual scripting theory, results advance understanding of how the intersection of biological sex, experiences of sexual violence, gendered beliefs, and cultural scripts in music media inform young adults' sexual expectancies and potential for sexual risk. Implications for prevention include addressing gendered sexual scripts to reduce ambiguity around sexual consent among college students. Media-based interventions are discussed as a strategy toward this end.

The effects of yogurt consumption on immune function in university male track and field athletes -A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study-

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ingesting yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (OLL1073R-1) on the immune function of healthy university men track and field athletes. Study design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. A total of 37 track and field athletes aged ≥18 years were randomly assigned into two groups. For 2 weeks, two bottles of yogurt fermented with OLL1073R-1 and Streptococcus thermophilus OLS3059 or placebo sour milk were ingested daily to the participants. During the intake period, a 1-week training camp was held and participants were subjected to strenuous exercise. Natural killer (NK) cell activity, which is the primary endpoint, was significantly lower in the placebo group after ingestion than that at baseline; however, it remained unchanged during the pre-exercise level of the yogurt group. The two-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed an interaction effect in the NK cell activity change (P=0.018) and a significant difference between the groups after the 2-week ingestion (P=0.015). Among the secondary endpoints, cytokines and chemokines levels involved in activating innate immunity maintained or enhanced only in the yogurt group. ALT, LDH, and CK significantly elevated only in the placebo group. Furthermore, amino acid levels were significantly lower in the placebo group after ingestion than that at baseline; however, it remained unchanged during the pre-exercise level in the yogurt group. Consuming yogurt fermented with OLL1073R-1 prevents the decline in immune function associated with strenuous exercise. Additionally, the yogurt may contribute to stable physical condition.