Philadelphia College Research Articles

Fifty Years of Open Heart Surgery at the Mayo Clinic

Fifty Years of Open Heart Surgery at the Mayo Clinic

The skinny on treatment of venous thromboembolism in obesity

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine,University of PennsylvaniaTo cite this article: Spinler SA. The skinny on treatment of venous thromboembolism in obesity. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3: 854–5.See also Barba R, Marco J, Marti´n-Alvarez H, Rondon P, Ferna´ndez-Capitan C, Garcia-Bragado F, Monreal M for the RIETE Investigators.The influence of extreme body weight on clinical outcome of patients with venous thromboembolism: findings from a prospective registry (RIETE).This issue, pp 856–62.

Carbonic Anhydrase. Its Inhibitors and Activators. CRC Enzyme Inhibitors Series Edited by Claudiu T. Supuran, Andrea Scozzafava, and Janet Conway. CRC Press, Boca Rotan, FL. 2004. ix + 363 pp. 16 × 23 cm. ISBN 0-415-30673-6. $138.95.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTCarbonic Anhydrase. Its Inhibitors and Activators. CRC Enzyme Inhibitors Series Edited by Claudiu T. Supuran, Andrea Scozzafava, and Janet Conway. CRC Press, Boca Rotan, FL. 2004. ix + 363 pp. 16 × 23 cm. ISBN 0-415-30673-6. $138.95.Peter J. HarvisonView Author Information Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Philadelphia College of Pharmacy University of the Sciences in Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 8, 3091Publication Date (Web):March 29, 2005Publication History Published online29 March 2005Published inissue 21 April 2005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm058187yCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (48 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Cancer,Inhibition,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Quality management Get e-Alerts

Percutaneous Closure of Atrial Septal Defects

The earliest recorded account of an atrial septa! defect (ASD) was in the 15th century, when Leonardo da Vinci described a "perforating channel" in the atrial septum during post-mortem evaluation of a heart.1 Clinical diagnosis in a living patient would not occur until the early 20th century.In 1953, Dr. Gibbon at the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia performed the first ASD repair on cardiopulmonary bypass, and two decades later Ors. King and Mills performed the first transcatheter closure of secundum ASDs.2·3 The device was deployed in only half of their carefully selected patients, however, since the delivery sheaths were large and the devices bulky and difficult to deploy. Now, due to dramatic advances in device design and cardiac imaging, percutaneous transcatheter techniques can safely and reliably close secundum ASDs and patent foramen ovalae {PFO).

Percutaneous Closure Of Atrial Septal Defects

INTRODUCTION The earliest recorded account of an atrial septal defect (ASD) was in the 15th century, when Leonardo da Vinci described a “perforating channel” in the atrial septum during post-mortem evaluation of a heart.1 Clinical diagnosis in a living patient would not occur until the early 20th century. In 1953, Dr. Gibbon at the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia performed the first ASD repair on cardiopulmonary bypass, and two decades later Drs. King and Mills performed the first transcatheter closure of secundum ASDs.2,3 The device was deployed in only half of their carefully selected patients, however, since the delivery sheaths were large and the devices bulky and difficult to deploy. Now, due to dramatic advances in device design and cardiac imaging, percutaneous transcatheter techniques can safely and reliably close secundum ASDs and patent foramen ovalae (PFO).

Special Report: Highlights of the 2004 Institute on Psychiatric Services

Special Report: Highlights of the 2004 Institute on Psychiatric Services

Creating the American Mind: Intellect and Politics in the Colonial Colleges. By J. David Hoeveler. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002. xvi, 381 pp. $39.95, isbn 0-8476-8830-5.)

J. David Hoeveler begins with two principal objectives in this study of higher education in early America: to offer the “first synthetic examination” (p. x) of all nine colonial colleges and to describe the construction of an “American intellectual culture” (p. xi). The result is a masterly synthesis but one that remains somewhat unconvincing in its main contention that these colleges played a “particularly significant role” (p. xi) in creating the American mind. Hoeveler's study is comprehensive—covering the early histories of Harvard, Yale, William and Mary, the College of New Jersey (Princeton), King's College (Columbia), the College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania), the College of Rhode Island (Brown), Queen's College (Rutgers), and Dartmouth— but it is noteworthy even more for the quality of its analysis. Hoeveler manages always to place particular institutional developments within the larger context of changes occurring in the intellectual, political, and social life of each colony. Whether the issue involved the advent of liberal Congregationalism at Harvard, Anglican ordination at Yale, rational Christianity at the College of William and Mary, the Old Side and New Side schism at the College of New Jersey, nonsectarian challenges at King's College, or academic politics at the College of Philadelphia, Hoeveler never loses sight of the big picture. His deft use of “extended biographies of the key players” (p. xi) also merges private and public realms in a way that adds further depth to an already engagingly written narrative. One could scarcely ask for more finely drawn portraits than Hoeveler offers of such major figures as Edward Wigglesworth and John Winthrop (Harvard), Thomas Clap and Ezra Stiles (Yale), James Blair (William and Mary), John Witherspoon (College of New Jersey), William Smith and Francis Alison (College of Philadelphia), and Samuel Johnson (King's College).

Albert Benjamin Prescott (1832–1905):Pharmacy Education’s Revolutionary Spark

During the 1871 annual meeting of the American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA) debate was considerable over whether Albert B. Prescott of the University of Michigan could be seated as a delegate; at issue was whether the university's department of pharmacy met the Association's bylaws as a college of pharmacy. After deliberation, Prescott was denied a seat as a delegate although admitted as an individual member. Edward Parrish, of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, noted that the vote set a precedent and, further, that it would influence the future shape of pharmacy education and the role of a university in it. 1. Proceed Am Pharm Assoc. 19. 1871: 29-34 Google Scholar This prescient observation was fulfilled as Prescott envisioned new standards in pharmacy education, including full-time attendance in a university-level program with substantial periods of laboratory experience.

The Corporeal and Ocular Veil: Dr. Matilda A. Evans (1872-1935) and the Complexity of Southern History

After Egyptian and Indian, Greek and Roman, Teuton and Mongolian, Negro is a sort of seventh son, born with a veil, and gifted with second-sight in this American world,--a world which yields him no true self-consciousness, but only lets him see himself through revelation of other world. It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his two-ness,--an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder. W. E. B. Du Bois (1903) IN THIS ESSAY I EXPLORE THE CONNECTION BETWEEN A SINGULAR BLACK woman medical professional, Matilda A. Evans (1872-1935) of Columbia, South Carolina, and rise of health-care activism in decades prior to modern civil rights movement. The interests of professional class and needs of black people conjoined at critical historical moments. This case study of Dr. Evans's life and career deepens understanding required to assess historian Carter G. Woodson's positive appraisal of relationship between black professionals and struggles of African Americans first for survival and then for equality of opportunity. The two-ness concept embedded in historian W. E. B. Du Bois's veil metaphor captures complexity of living and surviving in a society that refused either to see black people's humanity or to accord them full citizenship rights as members of body politic. (1) After receiving her medical degree in 1897 from Woman's Medical College in Philadelphia, Dr. Evans practiced medicine in Columbia for over three decades. specialized in fields of surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, pediatrics, and hygienics and developed an interracial clientele. But her paramount concern was for health and educational welfare of black children, who, in her opinion, represented soul and hope for a better future for suffering humanity. An indefatigable institution-builder and a master of art of professional self-promotion, Dr. Evans established two hospitals and a nursing training school at dawn of twentieth century. In 1916 Evans began ardently advocating better health-care delivery and criticizing capitalist exploitation of black laborers. This transitional moment in her career is marked by, among other things, publication of her biography of Martha Schofield, a white Quaker educator and founder of Normal and Industrial School at Aiken. In this year Evans also created Negro Health Association of South Carolina (a public-health visiting nurses operation) and edited its official organ, Negro Health Journal. As health status of black Columbians steadily deteriorated, Evans became even more convinced that health care was a citizenship right every bit as important a responsibility of state as was public school education. In 1930 a reporter for Columbia Palmetto Leader wrote of Evans, She has ever claimed, and now contends, that free clinics ought to be as much a public concern and provision as are public schools. (2) Thus, at outset of Great Depression, Evans launched a free-clinic movement and inspired black community in Columbia to demand health-care citizenship rights even as state became less inclined to adopt any progressive reforms that improved material conditions of black lives. In opinion of Jane Van De Vrede, division director for Red Cross, the great number of negroes [sic] forming a dependent population which must be carried outright in any welfare undertaking was a powerful disincentive for white South Carolinians to adopt any progressive health-care programs. (3) A close reading of Evans's biography of Martha Schofield provides a glimpse into Evans's inner life that helps us to understand ideological underpinnings of her activism for social change. …

BRIDGING THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS: FORD MLR TRAINING PROGRAM

Community College of Philadelphia's Ford Maintenance and Light Repair (MLR) Program relates strongly to the 2003 Bellwether Award conference theme, Power Plays: Leadership Strategies for a Competit...

The Historical Origins of Interstitial Cystitis

We identify early descriptions of interstitial cystitis and trace its evolution as a clinical entity during the 19th century. Primary and secondary source documents relating to interstitial cystitis, bladder inflammation and bladder stones were reviewed. What is believed to be the earliest published record of interstitial cystitis appeared in an 1836 textbook by the Philadelphia surgeon Joseph Parrish, who documented a syndrome of chronic frequency, urgency, dysuria and pelvic pain he called "tic doloureux of the bladder." Tic doloureux was a contemporaneous diagnosis used to describe painful, idiopathic disorders of nerves. Parrish attributed this term to his mentor, Dr. Phillip Syng Physick, who applied it to patients with severe lower urinary tract symptoms with no discernible etiology, with the most common etiology during the 19th century being bladder stones. A review of archival material from the Philadelphia College of Physicians indicates that by 1808 Physick had developed a concept of bladder inflammation, a "bladder ulcer," that produced lower urinary tract symptoms in the absence of bladder stone. By 1808 Philip Syng Physick had described an inflammatory condition of the bladder producing the same lower urinary tract symptoms as a bladder stone. By 1836 he had expanded this concept to include a chronic frequency, urgency and pain syndrome occurring in the absence of demonstrable etiology. We propose that these are the earliest known descriptions of bladder inflammation and interstitial cystitis.

Melvin Joel Silver

Melvin Silver, a beloved member of Thomas Jefferson University, died on November 7, 2002 at Chestnut Hill Hospital after suffering a stroke. He was 82. He was a lifelong Philadelphian, raised on Tasker Street in South Philadelphia. He graduated in Biology from Temple University with a Bachelor's degree in 1941. Two years later, he achieved a Masters in science at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, now University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. In 1953, he finished his doctorate degree at the same campus. He was associated with the Charlotte Drake Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research at Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University from 1959. In that Institution he spent his entire scientific career, rising to the rank of professor of Pharmacology. He authored and coauthored over 200 research papers. Dr Silver had several sabbaticals during his career. He spent a year at the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1970–71. In that institution he worked with Drs J.B. Smith and Willis on prostaglandins in platelet physiology and pathology. In 1971 Dr Smith joined Dr Silver and Dr Kocsis at Cardeza and the three scientists worked together as a team for almost 10 years. They were among the first to recognize the importance of arachidonic acid in platelet function. Their early work on aspirin paved the way to important advances made in this field by others. In 1977–78 he spent a sabbatical year at the Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research in Italy. Finally, in 1984, as visiting scientist at the Italian National Research Council, Dr Silver spent a year at the Department of of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Naples. The last years of his work at Cardeza were devoted to the beneficial effects of N-3 fatty acids (fish oils) on heart health. N-3 fatty acids are now widely recognized for their important role in preventing heart disease. Dr Silver was rewarded with a patent for his work with fish oils. His self-criticism and honesty made him an example of how a professional scientist should think: all the colleagues who interacted with him during his long scientific life, remember how careful Mel was in planning experiments, defining the range of controls and interpreting the data. His friends and colleagues all around the world remember him as a Maestro. Mel Silver was classically educated. He loved music and, although his taste was diverse, he loved Mozart. Dr Silver was a supporter of the Philadelphia major arts institutions and regularly attended the Philadelphia Orchestra, Pennsylvania Ballet and local theaters. He was a highly moral and ethical man, with compassion for the underdog and the underprivileged and intolerance for dishonesty and corruption. This strongly characterized his political positions, which were distinctly to the left. Since the 1960s, Dr Silver and his wife Ruth lived in West Mount Airy, making frequent visits at Wissahickon Park and its long pedestrian paths. Both were involved in efforts to maintain the wooded valley. He enjoyed strolling around the woods boarding his house. He also took much pleasure in the beautiful home garden which he and Ruth attentively cared for. In addition to his wife, Dr Silver is survived by his daughter Dr Marjory Silver, a psychologist, and his sister, Elayne. In accordance with Dr Silver's wishes, a memorial service was attended only by his closest relatives. The family has requested that people honor Dr Silver by contributing to organizations devoted to peace, justice and environmental protection.

Evaluating Preceptor Perceptions of Student Readiness for Clerkship

ABSTRACTThe Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (PCP) recently transitioned to an entry-level doctor of pharmacy program. To help maintain a high-quality program, assessment of curricular outcomes is necessary. The Planning Committee of the PCP at the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia developed a survey that was distributed to clerkship preceptors in January 1999. It evaluated students' knowledge, skills, and level of professionalism following the didactic portion of the curriculum. Forty percent of the distributed surveys were returned. Overall comparisons showed that PCP students were comparable to students from other programs. Relative to knowledge base, skills, and professionalism, PCP students were above average or better. Full-time faculty ranked students significantly lower than non-full-time faculty. Other factors that may have affected the results observed include preceptor gender, age, type of practice site, when the students are precepted (early versus late in the clerkship component of t...

The Strange Fate of Whitman's Brain

Investigates the circumstances surrounding the removal of Whitman's brain at his autopsy and the subsequent loss of the brain by the American Anthropometric Society; offers a historical, medical, and cultural context for the story, involving the Wistar Institute and the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, anatomist Edward Anthony Spitzka, alienist Edward Charles Spitzka, doctors and scientists Henry Cattell, Francis X. Dercum, Joseph Leidy, Andrew J. Parker, Daniel Longaker, Harrison Allen, Alexander McAlister, William Osler, Henry Donaldson, and others

A Comprehensive Approach to Shoulder-Complex Maintenance

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Phil Wagner is an assistant strength and conditioning coach at the University of Pennsylvania and a second-year medical student at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, planning on specializing in sports medicine with an emphasis on injury prevention.

The Journey of the Principles of Adult Mentoring Inventory

In the early 1990s, I had finally reached what most doctoral students would agree is that memorable point when a dissertation topic is the only remaining requirement on the obsessed radar screen. I too had heard all of the stories about ABD (all but dissertation) scholars who for a myriad of reasons, had never completed the doctorate. Fortunately, of the three mentors who were significant influences in my own life and educational travels, the third was my own doctoral advisor--Dr. Michael Galbraith. As a teacher myself at the Community College of Philadelphia since 1968, I had gradually learned that my continuing one-to-one dialogues with students outside of class were often as important to their sustainability as adult learners as the quality of instruction inside the classroom. My own cumulative experience certainly validated what my later research would reveal--cognitive and affective connections engaged in at an interpersonal level outside of class were essential factors in supporting the retention and enrichment for many adult learners, especially those from nontraditional backgrounds (Jacobi, 1991). Development of the Instrument The convergence of my own life history, my professional work as an instructor, and my positive experience in the early 1990s as a graduate student in adult education led almost naturally to a serious interest in a dissertation topic about the value of mentoring for adult learners in college. I conducted the typical comprehensive literature review, with the preliminary idea that I would collect the already available instruments relevant to mentoring practice and then design my specific dissertation project. To my surprise, after exhaustive research, I discovered that no valid and reliable scales or inventories existed either for pragmatic use as an evaluation tool by participants in mentoring programs or as an instrument for conducting scholarly studies of mentoring as an educational activity. After considerable consultation with my doctoral advisor, I decided on a two-part plan: (1) to determine if there were core mentoring behaviors, and then, if justifiable, (2) to develop an evaluation instrument that would enable professionals to assess their own interpersonal competencies as mentors to adult learners. I really had no preconceived idea about what the research would ultimately produce, or if a useable self-assessment scale was feasible. When the complex project was finally completed, using a large community college as the target population, my own qualitative and quantitative research demonstrated two primary findings: A conceptual model of a composite Complete Mentor Role could be devised based on six separate mentoring behavioral dimensions (Figure 1), and a self-assessment scale grounded in adult psychology and learning could be developed that would (1) reflect the extent to which a mentor was effective as a practitioner in the cumulative Complete Mentor Role, as well as (2) identify the mentoring proficiencies in each of the six distinct interpersonal competencies. The new instrument was entitled the Principles of Adult Mentoring Scale (Cohen, 1993). [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] The Complete Mentor Role From an adult education perspective, academic and workplace mentoring can be considered as a one-to-one relationship in which mentors are similar to adult educators and mentees to adult learners. The two prototypes--the Complete Mentor Role and the Informed Mentee (Table 1)--should be applied as a blueprint to guide the development of adult mentoring relationships during the extended time frame typical of most organizationally sponsored mentoring programs. Although there is a general pattern of interpersonal development that will occur during the early, middle, and later phases of interaction, both mentors and mentees should be informed at the start that the six behavioral dimensions of the Complete Mentor Role are not expected to unfold in a rigid order that directly matches every specific action listed for that particular dimension of mentoring Also, both mentors and mentees should be initially prepared at orientations to engage in mentoring dialogues and activities as mutually active participants. …

Philadelphia's Enlightenment, 1740-1800: Kingdom of Christ, Empire of Reason

The Great Awakening caused a schism between the Old Side (nonevangelical) and New Side (evangelical) churches and had a major impact on the American Enlightenment. Nina Reid-Maroney analyzes the “Philadelphia Circle,” a dozen men who grew up in the vicinity, Old Side and New Side; the latter were more numerous and influential in the city and country but had to be more imaginative in reconciling the Kingdom of Christ with the Empire of Reason. Francis Alison was the chief Old Side in the circle and came to dominate the supposedly nondenominational College of Philadelphia. He wanted to counter New Side education with a reputable curriculum and raise the scientific status of his community. While embracing “the new learning,” he acknowledged the limits of reason. Alison needed to distinguish his views from those of the deists and infidels. God, he declared, was not a remote watchmaker, but a continuing causal agent.

Jan Kott in Exile: Arden and Absolute Milan

In this essay, Allen J. Kuharski discusses Jan Kott as an exiled Polish writer best known for his essays on Shakespeare's plays, and compares and contrasts his writings with those of a variety of other Polish émigré writers, notably Witold Gombrowicz. He argues that Kott's most important contribution was ultimately as a performance theorist, in the traditions of Wyspiański and Brecht, rather than as a traditional critic or scholar, and in consequence he reached a wider readership in English and other languages than any other Polish writer. His choice of Shakespeare as a subject belied the full depth and complexity of the Polish sources (often experiential) for his readings of the plays – sources not always acknowledged in his work. Kuharski uses Kott's own syncretic, archetypal methods to interpret his life and work, explaining his position as an exiled writer via Shakespearean characters such as Duke Senior in As You Like It and Prospero in The Tempest – and, closest to the experience of the émigré, the cross-dressing Rosalind, compelled to belie herself in order to express herself. Tracing the evolution of Kott's complex existential self-definition in various phases of his life and writing, Kuharski concludes that the key to Kott's various authorial personae is the influence of the inter-war Polish writer and critic Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński. Allen J. Kuharski, Associate Editor for Theatre Journal, is the Director of the Theatre Studies Program at Swarthmore College in Philadelphia, and has published extensively on Gombrowicz, Kott, and other aspects of contemporary Polish and American theatre in the US, UK, Poland, France, and the Netherlands. His translation and stage adaptation of Gombrowicz's novel Ferdydurke has been performed in various countries, winning a Fringe First at the Edinburgh Festival in 2001.

New Drugs2002

Remington Professor of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa. Common adverse reactions are italicized throughout this article.

EXIT INTERVIEW: KEN CARPENTER

Ken Carpenter retired in December 2000 after working in the Harvard Libraries for almost 40 years. Born in Altoona, Pennsylvania, Ken attended Girard College in Philadelphia from age seven to 17 and then went to Bowdoin College, graduating in 1958. He began working at Harvard’s Houghton Library as a “stacks boy” in 1960 when William A. Jackson was librarian. He ended his career as assistant director for research resources, Harvard University Library, under the direction of Sidney Verba. In between, he worked on the Bibliography of American Literature with Jacob Blanck, served as curator of the Kress Library at the . . .