Collective Sense Research Articles

Sigmund Freud: German “Negro”; H.S. Sullivan: Northern American “White”: Psychoanalysis and “The Fierce Urgency of Now”*

The arc of psychoanalytic theorizing and practice has spanned the earth’s physical/geographical boundaries. Although historically we might be inclined to dissociate, and thus erase the contexts of its unfolding, the trajectory of psychoanalytic thought has been—and continues to be—embedded in the historical context of its moment. Sigmund Freud, himself, was a victim of the socially constructed concepts of the time, discarded into the realms of Otherness because he was first and foremost a Jew; Freud was, therefore, under the hateful racializing, Nazi, White supremacist gaze, rendered “Black.” Harry Stack Sullivan, a “White” American, experienced his own share of being Othered for, among other things, his ethnic Irish heritage. Sullivan was aware, too, of the curse that America’s overt and implicit insistence on cultural racism 1 visited upon the lives of Black Americans. As a White northerner, he was able to take a birds-eye view of the horrors of racism. In fact, he lived for a time in the South, in a deliberate attempt to grasp the psychology of the racist and to comprehend the experience of recipients of racism’s projected hatred. Yet, Neither Freud nor Sullivan attributed his theoretical formulations to the explicitly racist socio-political contexts in which they “grew up” professionally. Did America’s charged cultural divisions—particularly in relation to race—exert influence on Sullivan’s “me,” “not me” theorizing? And what of Freud? What was lost in his inability to court “Blackness”? If nothing else, America’s Presidential election of 2016 and the current COVID-19 pandemic that has seized our imagination and our collective sense of freedom, have thrust psychoanalytic thinking and practice to the forefront of recognizing and illuminating human frailty. How do you stand? As psychoanalysts, can we now internalize Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s declaration that, “We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now” (1963, 1967)? I propose that psychoanalysis is not only our theory and practice, but also our lived experience in the now of our lives: the now that confronts us, the now in which we are deeply, urgently, embedded.

The Politics of Zealotry: Pier Paolo Pasolini's "St. Paul"

The Politics of Zealotry:Pier Paolo Pasolini's "St. Paul" Michael J. Shapiro (bio) Prelude A large room in Barcelona. Interior. (Night.) Isn't he a fascist? A collaborator with the SS? Isn't he and didn't he declare himself the most zealous of the most zealous promoters of traditions?… Paul looks around and begins to speak (he has a mysterious smile, unbelievable in that face distorted by fanaticism), and looking around humbly, he says in a deep voice in the way the first words of a hymn are uttered: 'Christ has liberated us for freedom.' —Pier Paolo Pasolini St. Paul: A Screenplay Zealotries on the Road In his crime novel Lucky You (1997), Carl Hiaasen invents an encounter that illuminates the way right wing zealotry can become a collective sensibility. Early in the story he describes, with cinematic detail, two men (who ultimately hatch a plan to rob a lottery winner) getting out of a Dodge Ram truck after coming off the road and entering a convenience store: "Bode Gazzer was five feet six and had never forgiven his parents for it. He wore three-inch snakeskin shitkickers and walked with a swagger that suggested not brawn so much as hemorrhoidal tribulation. Chub was a beer-gutted six two, moist-eyed, ponytailed and unshaven. He carried a loaded gun at all times and was Bode Gazzer's best and only friend. They had known each other two months." 1 What helps me initiate my analysis of the media through which zealotry spreads its world view is the ideational symbiosis that takes place once Hiaasen has Gazzer, a poacher, and Chub, a counterfeiter in conversation. "Chub never thought of himself as having a political agenda until he met Bode Gazzer, who helped organize Chub's multitude of hatreds into a single venomous philosophy…[e.g.] 'Oklahoma,' Bode Gazzer said sharply, 'and that was the government did it, to frame those two white boys. No, I'm talking 'bout a militia. Armed, disciplined and well-regulated, like it says in the Second Amendment'." 2 [End Page 535] The Gazzer-Chub shared sensibility that Hiaasen invents has counterparts in other historical periods in which zealous mentalities have been amplified in encounters. One is captured in Leonardo Padura's novelistic biography of Leon Trotsky's assassin, Ramón Mercader. Mercader is recruited and radicalized during a number of encounters in disparate national venues. 3 Among those that prepare him for his leap into history is one with Africa de las Heras: Her parents named her Africa, like the patron saint of Ceuta, where she had been born, and rarely had a name fit someone so well: because she was vigorous, unfathomable, and wild, like the continent to whom she owed her name. Ever since the day he met her, at a meeting of the Young Communists of Cataluña, Ramón felt absorbed by the young woman's beauty, but above all, it was her rock-solid ideas and her telluric drive that ensnared him: Africa de las Heras was like an erupting volcano who roared a permanent clamor for revolution. 4 Like the apostle Paul's addressees, whom he tells to wait expectantly for Christ's return, Ramón experiences a "tense environment, in which everyone was expecting something to happen very soon…it was as if his life and history had been lying in wait for each other." 5 Once he becomes known as a political zealot, he's selected by Stalin's agents to be Trotsky's assassin. During his training he takes "theoretical classes" in the Soviet Union and is turned into "soldier 13…a man of marble, convinced of the need to carry out whatever mission was asked of him," which turns out to be the mission that brought him to Mexico for the planned assassination (accomplished in August 1940). 6 The influence of Gazzer on Chub and de las Heras and others on Mercader is captured in Jean Paul Sartre's remark, "Words wreck havoc when they happen to name something that is experienced but is not yet named." 7 However Sartre's remark needs a supplement, a specification of the ideational susceptibilities, historical situations, and...

Why the United States failed to contain COVID-19.

Why the United States failed to contain COVID-19.

Cancer survivorship care at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cancer survivorship care at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.

A meta-analysis of the relationship between customer participation and brand outcomes

Interest in the relationship between customer participation and brand outcomes has increased over the past few decades. However, research in this field has generated diverse and conflicting results. To study this diversity, in this meta-analysis, we converted and analyzed the effect sizes from 135 studies. We focused on common phenomena that have been analyzed in isolation. A model was created and analyzed through meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM). Our results indicate that customers with a high propensity to trust have high levels of participation. Conversely, customer participation can promote brand outcomes, such as brand satisfaction, brand loyalty and brand performance. Our findings indicate that for these customer participation strategies to be more efficient, they should be based on cocreation actions, which generate the perception of value in customers and are aimed at customers in countries with a greater sense of collectivity.

Between a rock and a hard place: Registered nurses' accounts of their work situation in cancer care in Swedish acute care hospitals.

Hospital organizational features related to registered nurses' (RNs') practice environment are often studied using quantitative measures. These are however unable to capture nuances of experiences of the practice environment from the perspective of individual RNs. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate individual RNs' experiences of their work situation in cancer care in Swedish acute care hospitals. This study is based on a qualitative framework analysis of data derived from an open-ended question by 200 RNs working in specialized or general cancer care hospital units, who responded to the Swedish RN4CAST survey on nurse work environment. Antonovsky's salutogenic concepts "meaningfulness", "comprehensibility", and "manageability" were applied post-analysis to support interpretation of results. RNs describe a tension between expectations to uphold safe, high quality care, and working in an environment where they are unable to influence conditions for care delivery. A lacking sense of agency, on individual and collective levels, points to organizational factors impeding RNs' use of their competence in clinical decision-making and in governing practice within their professional scope. RNs in this study appear to experience work situations which, while often described as meaningful, generally appear neither comprehensible nor manageable. The lack of an individual and collective sense of agency found here could potentially erode RNs' sense of meaningfulness and readiness to invest in their work.

“Hijos de la libertad”, apuntes sobre el rol social del Museo Histórico Nacional de Chile

The controversy surrounding the temporary exhibition of the National Historical Museum of Chile (MHN) entitled Children of Freedom, 200 Years of Independence (2018), sparked a debate on social networks, the media and academic venues. The museum was accused of transgressing a social consensus regarding the representation of the dictator Pinochet and, with it, of transgressing itself as a stabilizing device of collective sense. This article focuses on the construction of this self, putting its emergence and development into perspective. It is concluded that, with or without success, the museum effectively sought to transgress the distribution of the network between power, knowledge and memory that shapes its modern identity in order to try out a new possible identity, one that attempts to assume the complexity that the construction of collective meaning presents in today's Chile.

“Gather Your People”: Learning to Listen Intergenerationally in Settler-Indigenous Politics

Decolonization requires critical attention to settler logics that reinforce settler-colonialism, yet settler communities, as a rule, operate without a collective sense of identity and history. This article, provoked by Māori protocols of encounter, explores the necessity of developing a sense of collective identity as precursor to meeting in settler-Indigenous politics. It argues that the ability, desire, and experience of being unmarked as a social group—apparent in paradigmatic approaches to engaging social difference in settler communities—is at the heart of the particularity of settler group identity and also stands at the heart of countless failures to meet in settler-Indigenous politics. This essay thus seeks to mark the particular ground of this unmarkedness of settler identity in Western philosophies that set being unmarked as both ontology and ideal; the dominance of settler communities in places of settlement; and the willful forgetting of the colonial histories brought about by such dominance.

Psychotherapy in the Age of Coronavirus: A Reflection on Collective Discomfort.

Psychotherapy in the Age of Coronavirus: A Reflection on Collective Discomfort.

Procesos y tensiones de democratización en la educación estética Argentina: la Revista de Educación entre los años 1960-1970

Este artículo analiza los discursos producidos en torno a los cuerpos y las sensibilidades en un artefacto cultural de incidencia masiva que circularon en los procesos de escolarización y que tuvieron significaciones estéticas y políticas en la Argentina de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Asumiendo que la estética escolar es un registro constitutivo de la escuela destinada a la formación de sensibilidades colectivas, y por tanto busca reordenar las sensaciones, valoraciones y moralidades en determinadas sensibilidades, producir una “educación sentimental” a partir de la formación de las subjetividades, interesa analizar la Revista de Educación editada por el Ministerio de Educación de la provincia de Buenos Aires en las décadas de 1960 y 1970. En el período abordado tiene lugar una puja tensionada de dos procesos constantes, antagonistas y de mutua impugnación: una corriente de democratización y otra de restricción conservadora. Ambas corrientes disputaron en torno al significante “modernización”, procurando articular ese significante vacío con distintas nociones para dominar el campo de la discursividad. La segunda mitad del siglo XX ha estado marcada por el debate cultural fue conmovido por el cuestionamiento de rituales sociales, modos de crianza, vínculos intergeneracionales, enmarcado en la proliferación de medios y lenguajes propios de la expansión de la sociedad de masas. Esos fenómenos tuvieron una incidencia directa en la puesta en crisis del formato educacional tradicional, la ampliación de medios y lenguajes de transmisión cultural y la demanda por la renovación de los contenidos y los medios para la filiación que produce la enseñanza.

Stuart Hall and the Freedom of Diaspora

Stuart Hall and the Freedom of Diaspora

Bodies of Archives / Archival Bodies: An Introduction

ABSTRACTCompared to other disciplines and despite its central role in research practices, the concept of the “archive” has received insufficient critical attention in anthropology until recently. Anthropologists working in collaboration with artists and curators have experimented with forms of archive/archiving, raising important questions about both the collaborative and processual nature of archives. They thereby challenge ideas about the “archive” as a static repository of history. This special section begins with the premise that archives, prone to decay, dissolution, and rearrangement, are permanently in process. This perspective enables us to engage with cleavages and links between past knowledge and future imagination, as well as the role of representation and the anarchive. Our interest is not limited to objects, but also addresses the idea of the body (or collective bodies) as archives of experience, and the archive’s potential for collaborative artistic and ethnographic practices. We ask: What forms of collaborative work does the archive offer? In what ways can the collective sensibility of the archive be explored? What can we gain from a process‐based notion of the archive? What implications does this have on the role of the archive in art and anthropology, and for the practices related to it in particular?

Hierarchical multi-task learning with CRF for implicit discourse relation recognition

Implicit discourse relation recognition (IDRR) remains an ongoing challenge. Recently, various neural network models have been proposed for this task, and have achieved promising results. However, almost all of them predict multi-level discourse senses separately, which not only ignores the semantic hierarchy of and mapping relationships between senses, but also may result in inconsistent predictions at different levels. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical multi-task neural network with a conditional random field layer (HierMTN-CRF) for multi-level IDRR. Specifically, a HierMTN component is designed to jointly model multi-level sense classifications, with these senses as supervision signals at different feature layers. Consequently, the hierarchical semantics of senses are explicitly encoded into features at different layers. To further exploit the mapping relationships between adjacent-level senses, a CRF layer is introduced to perform collective sense predictions. In this way, our model infers a sequence of multi-level senses rather than separate sense predictions in previous models. In addition, our model can be easily constructed based on existing IDRR models. Experimental results and in-depth analyses on the benchmark PDTB data set show that our model achieves significantly better and more consistent results over several competitive baselines on multi-level IDRR, without additional time overhead.

Transformation of Military Leadership as an Element Constituting Military Security

The armed forces of NATO, the foundation of military security in the collective and individual sense, have been, for years, constituting the determinants shaping their interoperability and effectiveness. Such actions are taken with varying intensity by all members also in terms of military leadership. The scope and comprehensiveness of these actions mainly oscillate around the perception of leadership in the context of the tool for shaping interpersonal relationships. The goal of the organizational context, which less attention is put to, is the proper section and training of the leaders, who are not accidentally appointed, but were chosen on the basis of a thoughtful process. Therefore, in the area of leadership considered an important organizational phenomenon, a variety of transformations are carried out, which are intended to improve leadership and the units implementing them, so it is used for the benefit of the armed forces. The Polish armed forces have also undertaken such actions. Their scope is to be based on a broad analysis of leadership in conducted in 2018. However, ensuring the optimization of further action requires the recognition of the most significant leadership transformations that have been implemented by the Alliance’sleading armed forces and are a guarantor of substantially higher quality of military leadership. These transformations are described and discussed in this paper.

The construction and regulation of collective entrepreneurial identity in student entrepreneurship societies

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to critically investigate how collective identity is constructed and regulated by board members and other active members of student entrepreneurship societies (ESs).Design/methodology/approachA discursive analysis focusing on collective identity construction and regulation based on focus group discussions in two student-led Finnish ESs affiliated with higher education institutions (HEIs).FindingsES members construct and regulate collective entrepreneurial identity based on a shared narrative of entrepreneurship and the affective state of positive energy and thinking, i.e. “positive buzz.” Being entrepreneurial was constructed as having the right kind of mentality to cope with uncertain and rapidly changing working life and to break free of old moulds of working. The shared narrative was coherent, and critical reflection on the values or risks of entrepreneurship was mainly silenced.Research limitations/implicationsAs ESs are a relatively new phenomenon future research could explore ESs in different cultural and regional contexts and compare the identity construction and regulation of ES student members and non-members.Practical implicationsStrong collective identity and sense of commitment to doing things together may mitigate the pressures of being entrepreneurial and taking charge of one’s life.Social implicationsEducational practice and research could benefit from better understanding of the informal context in which entrepreneurship education takes place.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the relatively new research stream on ESs as student-led entrepreneurial organizations in HEIs. The research demonstrates how ES members participate in constructing a collective and coherent identity that is regulated by shared values and a positive state of mind. This study extends the understanding of ESs from the functional perspective to viewing them as a social community. It contributes to the definition of ESs and the self-understanding of ES actors.

Standing out from the crowd: Identifying the traits and behaviors that characterize high-quality athlete leaders.

An emerging body of evidence indicates that, in addition to the coach, athlete leaders within a team are vital for a sports team's success. Sports teams are therefore keen to know which attributes are distinctly characteristic of high-quality leaders on and off the field. The present study aims to shed more light on this question. A wide variety of traits and leadership behaviors was assessed in a sample of 776 athletes, stratified across gender, competitive level, and four sports. The leadership quality of each of the athletes (ie, as task, motivational, social, and external leader) was determined on the basis of the perceptions of teammates using social network analysis. Findings revealed that leadership behaviors outweighed personality traits in distinguishing high-quality leaders from others on and off the field. Providing identity leadership that creates, embodies, advances, and embeds a collective sense of "us" in their teams was found to be a particularly important leadership behavior that characterized high-quality leaders both on and off the field. The fact that leadership behaviors were important predictors of high-quality athlete leadership (and more important predictors than traits) suggests that leaders are not just born, but can also be made. Our findings therefore highlight the clear need for leadership development programs to target the behaviors that we identified as important predictors of leadership.

“It Is a Village”: Translanguaging Pedagogies and Collective Responsibility in a Rural School District

Although rural U.S. school districts are experiencing increases in emergent multilingual learners (EMLLs), many lack the resources for employing TESOL‐specialized staff or training mainstream teachers in how to meet these students’ needs (Freeman Field, n.d.). Indeed, professional development (PD) in TESOL is a continued, persistent necessity for all teachers working with linguistically and culturally diverse students (Pettit, 2011). This article examines the role of sustained PD in shaping the beliefs and practices regarding EMLLs of educators in a rural school district. Three focal participants engaged in PD sessions on translanguaging pedagogies. Data from interviews, instructional observations, and focus groups showed articulation of a translanguaging stance. Participants demonstrated pedagogical flexibility and a collective sense of responsibility (indexed by the phrase “it is a village”) as well as other beliefs and practices characteristic of translanguaging stance, design, and shifts (García, Ibarra Johnson, & Seltzer, 2017). This study addresses a gap in TESOL research regarding how PD can shape educators’ attitudes toward and practices with EMLLs. Furthermore, by incorporating often‐overlooked members of elementary school ecologies, such as literacy coaches and world languages teachers, this study emphasizes the valuable role that these individuals can play in supporting EMLLs schoolwide.

Wearable Biosensor and Collective Sensing–Based Approach for Detecting Older Adults’ Environmental Barriers

AbstractIn this rapidly aging society, the mobility of older adults is critical for the prosperity and well-being of communities. Despite such importance, various types of environmental barriers (e...

Peer-support to increase uptake of screening for diabetic retinopathy: process evaluation of the DURE cluster randomized trial

BackgroundThere is limited evidence on how implementation of peer support interventions influences effectiveness, particularly for individuals with diabetes. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of a peer-led health education package versus usual care to increase uptake of screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR).MethodsOur process evaluation used a mixed-method design to investigate the recruitment and retention, reach, dose, fidelity, acceptability, and context of implementation, and was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We reviewed trial documents, conducted semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 10) and conducted four focus group discussions with participants in both arms of the trial. Three analysts undertook CFIR theory-driven content analysis of the qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed to provide descriptive statistics relevant to the objectives of the process evaluation.ResultsThe trial had positive implementation outcomes, 100% retention of clusters and 96% retention for participants, 83% adherence to delivery of content of group talks (fidelity), and 78% attendance (reach) to at least 50% (3/6) of the group talks (dose). The data revealed that intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, individual characteristics, and process (all the constructs of CFIR) influenced the implementation. There were more facilitators than barriers to the implementation. Facilitators included the relative advantage of the intervention compared with current practice (intervention characteristics); awareness of the growing prioritization of diabetes in the national health policy framework (outer setting); tension for change due to the realization of the vulnerability to vision loss from DR (inner setting); a strong collective sense of accountability of peer supporters to implement the intervention (individual characteristics); and regular feedback on the progress with implementation (process). Potential barriers included the need to queue at the eye clinic (intervention characteristic), travel inconveniences (inner setting), and socio-political disruption (outer setting).ConclusionsThe intervention was implemented with high retention, reach, fidelity, and dose. The CFIR provided a valuable framework for evaluating contextual factors that influenced implementation and helped to understand what adaptations may be needed during scale up.Trial registrationPan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR201707002430195 registered 15 July 2017

Бахтин, русская и христианская философия XIX века о единстве и индивидуализме

When studying and analyzing the works and ideas of Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin, most scholars usually do it on a pure literature sense. Indeed, Bakhtin is known as one of the leading figures in the 20th-century literary critic scholarship, he introduced some unique ways of literary analysis, such as dialogism, heteroglossia, and carnivalesque. He was also a deep researcher of the works of Fyodor Dostoevsky. As a rule, many scholars associate Bakhtin’s approach with the development of the Soviet literary-analytical method in socialist-Marxist art. Recently, however, more and more researchers have begun to take into account the influence of Bakhtin’s philosophical views on his literary studies. As a result, it was found that Bakhtin’s dialogism, heteroglossia, and carnival theory reveal a sense of social community, which might be considered as a response to the ideology of socialism. While criticizing this conclusion, the author of the article shows that the sense of collectivity, or unity, is not a specific element of socialist theory, since it has always been characteristic of Russian philosophy, including its pre-Soviet period. For example, the concepts “sobornost” introduced by Alexey Kho­myakov and “vseedinstvo” elaborated by Vladimir Solovyov greatly influenced Russian thought in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the sources of these ideas must be sought in Christianity. Bakhtin in the early period also actively participated in religious life, so it is most likely that his idea of unity goes back to these religious activities. The purpose of the article is to analyze to what extent religious-philosophical ideas exerted influence on Bakhtin’s work and how he applied them in his literary analysis (from abstract to practical), elaborating his unique religious-philosophical-literary theory.