Collective Point Of View Research Articles

트라우마 연구: 프로이트의 죽음 본능과 부친살해를 중심으로

In his transitional work, Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Freud tries to investigate the traumatic neurosis from an individual and ontogenetical point of view and finds out that it manifests itself in the various distorted forms, for example, nightmares, hallucinations, dissociations, etc. of the repressed unconscious by the compulsion to repetition of death drive. In his last work, Moses and Monotheism, Freud delves into the origin and development of the monotheism of Judaism from a collective and phylogenetical point of view and asserts that the collective trauma of Jewish people by the murder of an Egyptian Moses, a Jewish displacement of primordial parricide, was sublimated to the worship of Jahve God and the establishment of Judaic law. Looking into two major works on trauma of Freud intensively, this article draws out the crucial leitmotifs of trauma theory such as the compulsion to repeat of the repressed unconscious and its displacement and sublimation through symptoms in the individual and religious enactments in the community.

Approche clinique et psychopathologique du burn out : discussion à partir de la psychodynamique du travail

AimThis article aims to discuss the semiological and etiological aspects of burnout from the analysis of the psychological processes involved in the encounter with work, in particular, care work. MethodThe discussion highlights the central place of the subjective relationship to work in the genesis of disorders designated as burnout. In particular, the concepts of recognition, hyperactivity, and sublimation are discussed. ResultsThe analyses highlight the role of the psychological motivations of subjects’ engagement in work, both from an individual and also a collective point of view, and their relationship with the risk of psychopathological decompensation. DiscussionThe discussion suggests that the hyperactive subjective relationship to work might be an important intermediate link in the etiology of situations relating to burnout. Practical implications of listening to patients’ discourse about work in clinical settings are also considered. ConclusionThe elucidation of the psychopathological issues linked to burnout is based on an etiological approach that is able to take into account the nature of the suffering and the psychic processes involved in the work situation.

Using Social Media to Identify the Effects of Congressional Partisanship on Asset Prices

We measure the individual and collective viewpoints of US Congress members on various economic policies by scraping their Twitter accounts. Tweets that criticize (support) a particular company are associated with a significant negative (positive) stock price reaction in a narrow time window around the tweet. A sharp partisan divide emerges, with Republicans and Democrats coordinated in both their support and opposition for different industries emanating from disparate legislative agendas. Members of congress coordinate within parties to push legislation through their social media accounts. As an illustrative and relevant example, we analyze the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and document significant aggregate stock market responses to the real-time evolution of partisan viewpoints about the bill.

El marco jurídico de los datos relativos a la salud en el ámbito de la salud y de la investigación en salud tras la entrada en vigor del Reglamento General de Protección de Datos y de la Ley de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos

El tratamiento de los datos relativos a la salud tiene relevancia no solo a nivel individual en el entorno de la asistencia sanitaria personal, sino también desde el punto de vista colectivo, valorando la salud como un bien social. En la vertiente de la salud como bien comunitario, el empleo de los datos en investigación ha de rodearse de las garantías adecuadas para proteger los derechos de los sujetos, pero con la flexibilidad y racionalidad necesarias para no obstaculizar la labor de investigación en salud pública, que incluye también la investigación epidemiológica.
 Recibido: 22.09.2020Aceptado: 21.12.2020

Materiële echtheid of geschiedvervalsing

In 1917 publiceerde de Koninklijke Oudheidkundige Bond (KNOB) ‘Grondbeginselen en voorschriften voor het behoud, de herstelling en de uitbreiding van oude bouwwerken’. Deze betekenden een breuk met de restauratieopvattingen van P.J.H. Cuypers en Victor de Stuers. De Grondbeginselen keerden zich tegen het reconstrueren of naar eigen inzicht vervolmaken van historische gebouwen, omdat dit leidde tot geschiedvervalsing en vernietiging van monumenten als historische documenten. In de praktijk werd echter vaak van deze principes afgeweken. Bovendien bracht tijdens de Wederopbouw de wens tot herstel van het geschonden stadsschoon velen tot een minder puristisch standpunt en bestond weinig behoefte aan nieuwe regels. In de jaren zeventig riep de KNOB echter op tot een herijking van de grondbeginselen. Tijdens een studiebijeenkomst over restauratiefilosofie- en theorie in 1978 werd gediscussieerd over het thema ‘authenticiteit’. De opvattingen over dit begrip liepen uiteen. Waar het voor de een strikt ging om echtheid van het oorspronkelijke materiaal, kon voor anderen authenticiteit ook gelegen zijn in ontwerp, vorm, ruimte of afwerking. Dit laatste bleek echter te subjectief voor een gezamenlijk standpunt; de KNOB bleef vooral hoeder van de authentieke historische substantie.

Uma abordagem teórica neoinstitucional relevante e abrangente teria sido indevidamente ignorada pelo campo de negócios internacionais?

Muitos recursos naturais e, crescentemente, produzidos pelo homem, se enquadram numa categoria a qual Elinor Ostrom, prêmio Nobel de Economia de 2009, se referiu como common-pool resources (CPRs). São recursos dos quais existe uma quantidade limitada, e cujo uso racional do ponto de vista coletivo, na ausência de proprietários privados e de intervenção do estado, é difícil de ser alcançado. Ostrom propôs uma teoria e regras da ação para evitar o uso abusivo desses recursos. Embora bastante difundida nos estudos ambientais e sobre ecologia, as proposições da autora são pouco usadas como referencial teórico nos estudos sobre negócios internacionais. Esse artigo mostra, pela comparação de dois casos, que proposições da autora explicam desfechos muito diferentes nas trajetórias de dois clusters, que se internacionalizaram rapidamente. Contribui para chamar a atenção para o potencial de aplicação, que está sendo negligenciado, do trabalho da autora em pesquisas e práticas.

A model for renewable energy symbiosis networks in eco-industrial parks

Abstract Renewable energy technologies integration within industrial districts can boost carbon emissions reduction in the industry sector. The eco-industrial parks model promotes the sustainable use of energy and the application of energy synergies and energy exchanges that can include renewable sources of energy. This paper presents an optimization methodology based on a multi-stakeholder perspective to evaluate energy symbiosis including the integration of renewable energy sources within the parks. The study results in three scenarios providing to managers of single firms and parks relevant information for supporting decision making regarding the economic sustainability and the environmental impacts of the energy synergies. The results show that the optimization of the collective point of view ensures more efficient management of the energy supplied by renewables as well as by firms that can provide an energy surplus.

Structuring a System Dynamics Model using Group Model Building: Case Study on Flight Test Human Resources

This paper presents a method that allows capture and organization of mental models of all levels of Stakeholders in order to elaborate a System Dynamics Model closer to the reality and more effective on Strategy proposition. This is done through information raised on the application of Group Model Building (GMB), and using PSM specific tools, like Mental Maps and Cognitive Maps. All these tools allow merge opinions and elicitate knowledge from many stakeholders involved on the process. In order to demonstrate the method’s suitability, it was applied on a Case Study to develop a System Dynamics Model for the Flight Test Specialized Human Resources Career Flow. The method has five stages: first, recognize the Messy Situation; second, identify process Stakeholders; third, conduct Workshops and interviews applying Cognitive Maps and, then, GMB; forth, build collective maps presenting a collective point of view for all parts; fifth, build a System Dynamics Model effective and recognizable for all involved Stakeholders, ready to be used as a tool to Strategy proposition to solve the Messy Situation. Flight Test Specialized Human Resources Case Study results show both the model’s effectiveness and stakeholder commitment, based on the proposed method, proving its adequacy.

Položaj kraljevačkih novčanih zavoda u bankarskom sistemu Kraljevine Jugoslavije

Banking business activity in Kraljevo stretches back from 1885, from the foundation of the Kraljevo's Shareholder Saving Bank and until the WWI three local monetary institutes were doing their business activity. Sufferings in the war and altered labour conditions caused that Kraljevo's Economic Bank for Commerce and Industry and Kraljevo's Shareholder Economic Bank carry out the fusion, and that new institute was called the Kraljevo's Economic Bank. During the first after war years, the institutes constantly increased their principal funds, and where in 1924 the third institute had been founded - the Kraljevo's Commercial Credit Institute, the possibility of the financing of city's economy was facilitated. In comparison with other centres in Serbia, Kraljevo's banks from collective point of view disposed of the least basic capital funds, but relations of the amount of capital funds as per the bank numbers makes us knowledgeable that Kraljevo's banks disposed of similar amounts of capital funds as the largest number of banks in other cities. In case we compare the amount of capital funds with the number of citizens, it is noticeable that the residents of Kraljevo disposed of more resources in comparison with the centres as Niš or Kragujevac. Although this data may point out at first sight greater possibility of Kraljevo's banks for the economic development of the place, it is the fact that all cities and towns, even the centres in Serbia, disposed with insufficient capital funds in order to be able to develop more intensively from economic point of view. The prosperity in the operation of Kraljevo's banks lasted until 1931 after that the banking crisis in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia disabled normal work of monetary institutes. The main clients of Kraljevo's banks were, starting from 1925, farmers so that the moratorium on the repayment of agricultural debts in 1932 paralyzed the work of banks. In that way Kraljevo's banks are found in the position as the largest number of the banks in the state, thus they were found under the protection as per the Regulation on the Protection of Monetary Institutes or their bailers or they reduced their business activity tithe repayment of old saving deposits.

Partidas

Este artigo estuda aspectos psicossociais da cultura em importantes momentos da existência humana, como a morte e o desenvolvimento da subjetividade e individuação, enfocando os sentimentos, emoções e conflitos que cada uma dessas etapas faz emergir. Nesse contexto, aborda como mitos, ritos, símbolos e linguagens possibilitam elaborar esses processos de um ponto de vista individual e coletivo, permitindo a superação dos conflitos e ambivalências que os acompanham. Nesse processo, meios e linguagens, bem como a construção da memória, se tornam especialmente importantes. Autores como Jacques Lacan, Sigmund Freud e Roland Barthes, entre outros, dão suporte teórico às análises. O mito de Antígona, transcrito na obra de Sófocles, ajuda a desenvolver o tema.

Welcoming the masses, entitling the stranger – commentary to Gill

Identity politics create distinctions, narratives and shared conceptions, and where distinctions can be made, differences arise. Contemporary states, organisations, companies and communities have procedures to level out these social boundaries, but the process of hospitality and welcome is at times more problematic than exclusion. The key question concerns the universality of welcome. If our welcome is extended to the masses, is the mass itself defined and delimited and, second, how does a general welcome condition everyday encounters with the (entitled) stranger. In this reflection, we concentrate on the concept of welcome on two different levels. The mass and interpersonal encounters and argue that whether refugees, migrants or tourists the spatiality of the welcome needs to be considered from both individual and collective viewpoints.

Challenge from the margins

Abstract This paper explores the production of new meanings linked to written practices in the Wichi language in the Impenetrable Chaqueño (Argentina). Through collaborative ethnography examining different collective experiences and points of view, we study changes in writing in connection with changes in the access, distribution and availability of written practices in the Wichi language, and particularly in connection with social processes that position the Wichi people as key agents. Voice and agency are considered in order to explain meaning-making of language practices that are central but at the same time peripheral, and which seem to challenge, from the margins, social relationships between languages and people that hitherto seemed to be immovable.

Stalinismi „Teised“: Ilmi Kolla kui teisitimõtleja / Stalinism’s ”Others”: Ilmi Kolla as a dissenter

Stalinismi „Teised“: Ilmi Kolla kui teisitimõtleja / Stalinism’s ”Others”: Ilmi Kolla as a dissenter

Travel demand corridors: Modelling approach and relevance in the planning process

In an ideal world, transportation networks and services would be adapted to the specific travel needs of each individual and would perfectly fit the corresponding desire lines (direct lines between origin and destination points). However, in practice, networks cannot be designed to accommodate each individual trip. Still, it is possible to optimize transportation systems from a collective demand point of view. To move from an individual to a collective scale, individual demands need to be encapsulated into demand corridors.Although current spatial tools and data mining techniques are able to identify corridors from numerous movements by using linear or non-linear trajectory data, their limitations—from a transportation point of view—include the use of non-intuitive parameters and the application of some aggregation processes that make it difficult to retrace the attributes of individual input data that could benefit the richness of the available data after processing. For that reason, we propose a new algorithm called Trajectory Clustering for Desire Lines (TraClus-DL), which can identify corridors from Origin-Destination (OD) information with simple parameters, such as spatial location, angles between lines, and sampling weights. The functionality of TraClus-DL as a diagnostic tool for transportation supply was assessed and tested using data from the 2013 OD travel survey conducted in the Montreal area. The sensitivity of the results, with respect to parameter settings, was evaluated, and a comparison with an existing algorithm was proposed.The results of this study demonstrate that transportation specialists can benefit from the convenience of using TraClus-DL as a corridor identification tool, which includes its potential to perform deep analyses at the corridor level. In addition, this study provides new insights into the possible uses of demand corridors as relevant tools for transportation planning, and in the decision-making processes in which a neutral reference is needed to evaluate how much the transportation supply differs from the collective travel demand.

A collaborative dynamic scenario model for the interaction of critical infrastructures

This paper reviews current work on a model of the cascading effects of Critical Infrastructure failures during disasters. Based upon the contributions of 26 professionals, we have created a reliable model for the interaction among sixteen Critical Infrastructures. An internal Critical Infrastructure model can be used as a core part of a number of larger models, each of which is tailored to a specific disaster in a specific location. We have shown that this collaborative modeling methodology is able to allow a group of professionals in Emergency Management to develop a single model exhibiting their collective viewpoints on interactions of Critical Infrastructure conditions. We demonstrate how to deal with conflicting views when we have people with different backgrounds and geographic origins. This research might be used as a reference in different contexts and by different groups for supporting emergency plans and risk analysis. This is especially necessary in this field because in critical infrastructures management, planning is required to include communications with other facilities that could be affected.

Transplant tourism and organ trafficking: Ethical implications for the nursing profession.

Organ availability for transplantation has become an increasingly complex and difficult question in health economics and ethical practice. Advances in technology have seen prolonged life expectancy, and the global push for organs creates an ever-expanding gap between supply and demand, and a significant cost in bridging that gap. This article will examine the ethical implications for the nursing profession in regard to the procurement of organs from an impoverished seller's market, also known as 'Transplant Tourism'. This ethical dilemma concerns itself with resource allocation, informed consent and the concepts of egalitarianism and libertarianism. Transplant Tourism is an unacceptable trespass against human dignity and rights from both a nursing and collective viewpoint. Currently, the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council, the Royal college of Nursing Australia, The Royal College of Nursing (UK) and the American Nurses Association do not have position statements on transplant tourism, and this diminishes us as a force for change. It diminishes our role as advocates for the most marginalised in our world to have access to care and to choice and excludes us from a very contemporary real debate about the mismatch of organ demand and supply in our own communities. As a profession, we must have a voice in health policy and human rights, and according to our Code of Ethics in Australia and around the world, act to promote and protect the fundamental human right to healthcare and dignity.

Orexin/Hypocretin and Organizing Principles for a Diversity of Wake-Promoting Neurons in the Brain.

An enigmatic feature of behavioural state control is the rich diversity of wake-promoting neural systems. This diversity has been rationalized as 'robustness via redundancy', wherein wakefulness control is not critically dependent on one type of neuron or molecule. Studies of the brain orexin/hypocretin system challenge this view by demonstrating that wakefulness control fails upon loss of this neurotransmitter system. Since orexin neurons signal arousal need, and excite other wake-promoting neurons, their actions illuminate nonredundant principles of arousal control. Here, we suggest such principles by reviewing the orexin system from a collective viewpoint of biology, physics and engineering. Orexin peptides excite other arousal-promoting neurons (noradrenaline, histamine, serotonin, acetylcholine neurons), either by activating mixed-cation conductances or by inhibiting potassium conductances. Ohm's law predicts that these opposite conductance changes will produce opposite effects on sensitivity of neuronal excitability to current inputs, thus enabling orexin to differentially control input-output gain of its target networks. Orexin neurons also produce other transmitters, including glutamate. When orexin cells fire, glutamate-mediated downstream excitation displays temporal decay, but orexin-mediated excitation escalates, as if orexin transmission enabled arousal controllers to compute a time integral of arousal need. Since the anatomical and functional architecture of the orexin system contains negative feedback loops (e.g. orexin ➔ histamine ➔ noradrenaline/serotonin-orexin), such computations may stabilize wakefulness via integral feedback, a basic engineering strategy for set point control in uncertain environments. Such dynamic behavioural control requires several distinct wake-promoting modules, which perform nonredundant transformations of arousal signals and are connected in feedback loops.

Territorial analysis of the diffusion of organic farming in France: Between heterogeneity and spatial dependence

This paper discusses the development of organic farming (OF) in France from a collective point of view by focusing on the spatiotemporal diffusion of OF and considering different types of production. Based on the data on aid granted between 2007 and 2010 for conversion to OF (COF), the spatial dynamics of conversion is examined with regard to the distinctive capacities of micro-territories to accommodate farms engaged in OF to a greater or lesser extent. The hurdle model is applied to varying types of COF aid, which are related to different production systems. This allows for both the characterization of the geographical extent of the contracting of COF aid and its local intensity measured by the number of contracts within micro-territories. The spatial structure of COF contracting can be explained both by economic factors relating to the orientation of production systems and by phenomena of spatiotemporal dependence, which demonstrate the importance of producers’ experience and of collective capacities. We can therefore speak of path dependence in relation to the establishment and maintenance of market access capabilities and social networks, which determine the potential and effectiveness of the development of organic agriculture at the micro-territorial level.

Collaborative use of geodesign tools to support decision-making on adaptation to climate change

Spatial planners around the world need to make climate change adaptation plans. Climate adaptation planning requires combining spatial information with stakeholder values. This study demonstrates the potential of geodesign tools as a mean to integrate spatial analysis with stakeholder participation in adaptation planning. The tools are interactive and provide dynamic feedback on stakeholder objectives in response to the application of spatial measures. Different rationalities formed by underlying internalized values influence the reasoning of decision-making. Four tools were developed, each tailored to different rationalities varying between a collective or individual viewpoint and analytical or political arguments. The tools were evaluated in an experiment with four groups of participants that were set around an interactive mapping device: the touch table. To study how local decision-making on adaptation can be supported, this study focuses on a specific case study in the Netherlands. In this case study, multiple different stakeholders need to make spatial decisions on land use and water management planning in response to climate change. The collaborative use of four geodesign tools was evaluated in an interactive experiment. The results show that the geodesign tools were able to integrate the engagement of stakeholders and assessment of measures. The experiment showed that decision-making on adaptation to climate change can benefit from the use of geodesign tools as long as the tool is carefully matched to the rationality that applies to the adaptation issue. Although the tools were tested to support the design of adaptation plans in a Dutch setting, the tools could be used for regional adaptation planning in other countries such as the development of regional adaptation strategies (RAS) as required by the European Union or on a national scale to support developing national adaptation plans of action (NAPAs) as initiated by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for least developed countries.

An Econophysics Model of Financial Bubbles

Usually financial crises go along with bubbles in asset prices, such as the housing bubble in the US in 2007. This paper attempts to build a mathematical model of financial bubbles from an econophysics, and thus a new perspective. I find that agents identify bubbles only with a time delay. Furthermore, I demonstrate that the detection of bubbles is different on either the individual or collective point of view. Second, I utilize the findings for a new definition of asset bubbles in finance. Finally, I extend the model to the study of asset price dynamics with news. In conclusion, the model provides unique insights into the properties and developments of financial bubbles.