Collective Operations Research Articles

果园枝条收集机构的运动学仿真与动力学分析研究

The spring finger collection mechanism is a core component of balers. It is usually used to collect soft straw crops (corn straw, wheat straw, green forage), and rarely used for hard stem crops (such as branch pruning residues). Due to different biophysical characteristics of hard stem crops and soft straw crops, the collection mechanisms are also different. In China, branch pruning residues in apple orchards are collected manually. It is a heavy labor task. To this end, this article uses an improved spring finger mechanism to collect pruning residues in apple orchard branches, effectively replacing manual collection operations. A dynamic motion trajectory simulation platform is developed by analyzing each action using pitchforks or other agricultural tools throughout the entire collection process, and combined with the structure of the spring finger collection mechanism. The platform of the spring finger collection mechanism is improved to collect orchard branches, and redesign and manufacture the core components of the collection mechanism. In addition, comparative tests were performed on4 different placement orientation sunder the conditions of R=40±2 r/min and V=0.9-1.1 m/s. That is, 1) messy, 2) transverse, 3) portrait orientation (the treetop firstly contacts the collection device), and 4) portrait orientation (the thick stems of the branches first touch the collection device). The results indicate that 1) and 2) have similar success rates in picking branches, while 3) and 4) have lower success rates, especially with 4) being the lowest). The analysis found that some branches were directly inserted into the spring finger gap and moved under the machine, resulting in a large amount of losses. This study aims to improve the success rate of picking branches in the bundling machine and verify the relationship between different placement directions and the success rate of picking branches.

Investigation of the effect of a monolithic reinforced concrete slab on the force distribution between the main components of a span structure, taking into account their collective performance

Abstract. Problem. The issue of bridge repair and reconstruction mostly for bridges on motorways has become especially pressing in the last few years, and especially in the year of military invasion. In the article, one of the options for creating a finite element model of a plate girder structure for analysis and calculation is presented. The studies provided in the article investigate the effect of the newly established monolithic reinforced concrete plate, which serves to unify the primary beams (plates) of the truss structure into a temperature-resistant construction, on the distribution of forces between the main constituents of the truss structure in case of their collective operation. The objective of the study is to develop a suitable finite-element model of a composite beam structure joined by a monolithic overlay plate and to analyze the effect of this plate on the spatial performance of the beam structure. Methodology. An analysis was conducted of the forces in the span structure elements in accordance with the standard project, as well as the forces in these elements after the monolithic slab was merged. The comparison results demonstrated that the use of a monolithic overlay slab to create a temperature-proof span structure permits a decrease in forces in the main elements of 27% and 20%, respectively. The scientific innovation presented herein is a finite element model of a plate girder structure, composed of several rods which model individual components of the plate. The practical implications of this work are that the proposed finite element model can be used to accurately calculate both existing girder structures and new reinforcement designs.

Clustered vehicle routing problem for waste collection with smart operational management approaches

AbstractWaste collection is one of the essential tasks in a smart city. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising technology that offers potential solutions for transforming traditional systems. An IoT‐based smart bin is a modern technology that offers real‐time fill level information to a cleaning authority. However, high uncertainty associated with the smart bin's fill levels and improper operation hinder efficient waste collection. In order to tackle the uncertainty in a smart bin and improve the waste collection operation, the IoT sensor's usage must be combined with optimization procedures. The present work introduced two operational management approaches to define dynamic optimal routes and combined ant colony optimization with a k‐means clustering algorithm to solve the clustered vehicle routing problem for waste collection on a large scale. Operational management approaches reflect practical constraints when using IoT‐based smart bins. A hybrid metaheuristic is proposed and performed with these approaches thereby showing the potential of building a smart waste collection system.

Design and Test of a New Type of Coupling Weeder

In order to improve the efficiency of mechanical weeding and reduce the injury rate caused by work. This paper improves the shortage of traditional weeding machinery, and designs a new combined mechanical weeding device by optimizing the internal structure and increasing the operation function. In this device, the structure of the cutter tooth is optimized and the operation function is added. Secondly, the effect of the weeding is further enhanced by increasing the flame nozzle. Finally, the finite element analysis of the blade and the nozzle is carried out by CFD and COMSOL software, and the rationality of the improvement is explained. The field weeding test showed that the average weeding rate of the machine was 86% and the rate of injured seedlings was 3.5% under the conditions of different advancing speed (0.5, 1, 1.5m/s) and the soil depth of the weeding wheel (3, 6, and 9cm). According to the speed and width of the machine, the efficiency of the machine is 0.7~2hm2/h. The collection performance and operation efficiency meet the technical requirements of weeding operation in dry field machinery. Through the comparison test of mechanical weeding, heat weeding and the effect of combined mechanical weeding, the efficiency of combined mechanical weeding in the test area is higher than that of other weeding methods. This study can provide a reference for the effect of weeds treatment on the dry field weeding machine.

Immunological considerations for laboratory staff and COVID-19 biosafety

The vulnerability of healthcare and laboratory to potential infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has thus far been analyzed through the lens of the acute phase of the pandemic, including remote-based work, as well as emergency settings that are different from routine healthcare operations. However, as lockdowns ease and activities return to an identifiable pre-pandemic routine, the safety considerations also require to shift accordingly. As laboratory workers are likely to continue being exposed to unidentified SARS-CoV-2 positive samples through routine blood collection and processing operations, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might have to be re-considered as an occupational disease within this context. Additionally, as per many such occupational diseases, a surveillance system is implemented for the medium- and long-term. This manuscript presents the views on the possible surveillance scenarios for laboratory staff, viewed from an immunological and biosafety perspective.

Toward 4-D Imaging of On-the-Move Object at 2500 Volumetric Frames per Second by Software-Defined Millimeter-Wave MIMO With Compressive Reflector Antenna

Conventional millimeter-wave (mm-wave) security screening systems with synthetic or phased arrays require either mechanical or electronic scans which are slow, thus not capable to image on-the-move objects. This article presents the 4-D imaging of on-the-move objects (1-D velocity and 3-D profile) by leveraging cost-effective compressive reflector antennas (CRAs) and software-defined mm-wave (SDMMW) multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) arrays. The CRA creates spatial aperture coding to achieve informative measurements and high sensing capacity. The SDMMW MIMO array generates fast space-time-coded frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) for quick data collection and simultaneous MIMO operation. The signal model using the CRAs fed by the SDMMW MIMO arrays in a multistatic configuration is derived, followed by the sensing-matrix-based imaging theory. Then, a proof-of-concept imaging system is designed with a made-in-lab CRA and a modularized 8-by-8 SDMMW array where the fast FMCW modulation achieves a linearized frequency sweep of 5.02 GHz per 50 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu }\text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , corresponding to a high data acquisition rate of 2500 volumetric frames/s and an unambiguous velocity of ±2.23 m/s. Both simulations and experiments have shown good imaging performance of on-the-move objects, giving great potential for developing future cost-effective high-throughput mm-wave security screening systems.

A Study on the Development of CCTV Camera Autonomous Posture Calibration Algorithm for Simultaneous Operation of Traffic Information Collection and Monitoring

A Study on the Development of CCTV Camera Autonomous Posture Calibration Algorithm for Simultaneous Operation of Traffic Information Collection and Monitoring

Development of a Vision-Based Unmanned Ground Vehicle for Mapping and Tennis Ball Collection: A Fuzzy Logic Approach

The application of robotic systems is widespread in all fields of life and sport. Tennis ball collection robots have recently become popular because of their potential for saving time and energy and increasing the efficiency of training sessions. In this study, an unmanned and autonomous tennis ball collection robot was designed and produced that used LiDAR for 2D mapping of the environment and a single camera for detecting tennis balls. A novel method was used for the path planning and navigation of the robot. A fuzzy controller was designed for controlling the robot during the collection operation. The developed robot was tested, and it successfully detected 91% of the tennis balls and collected 83% of them.

Correlating Edge with Parsing for Human Parsing

Human parsing has great application prospects in the field of computer vision, but there are still many problems. In the existing algorithms, the problems of small-scale target location and the problem of background occlusion have not been fully resolved, which will lead to wrong segmentation or incomplete segmentation. Compared with the existing practice of feature concatenation, using the correlation between two factors can make full use of edge information for refined parsing. This paper proposes the mechanism of correlation edge and parsing network (MCEP), which uses the spatial aware and two max-pooling (SMP) module to capture the correlation. The structure mainly includes two steps, namely (1) collection operation, where, through the mutual promotion of edge features and parsing features, more attention is paid to the region of interest around the edge of the human body, and the spatial clues of the human body are collected adaptively, and (2) filtering operation, where parallel max-pooling is adopted to solve the background occlusion problem. Meanwhile, semantic context feature extraction capability is endowed to enhance feature extraction capability and prevent small target detail loss. Through a large number of experiments on multiple single-person and multi-person datasets, this method has greater advantages.

Tqix.pis: A toolbox for quantum dynamics simulation of spin ensembles in Dicke basis

We introduce tqix.pis, a library of tqix, for quantum dynamics simulation of spin ensembles. The library emulates a dynamic process by a quantum circuit, including initializing a quantum state, executing quantum operators, and measuring the final state. It utilizes collective processes in spin ensembles to reduce the dimension from exponentially to quadratically with the number of particles, i.e., the quantum state spans in Dicke basis. It also facilitates the simulation time with multi-core processors and Graphics Processing Units. The library is thus applicable for the simulation of ensembles of large number of particles that have collective properties. Various phenomena, such as spin squeezing, variational quantum squeezing, quantum phase transition, and many-body quantum dynamics, can be simulated using the library. Program summaryProgram Title:▪: A toolbox for quantum dynamics simulation of spin ensembles in Dicke basis.CPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/wxvncw5jkv.2Licensing provisions: GPLv3Programming language: Python (≥3.6)External routines: NumPy, SciPy, SymPy, Matplotlib, Sklearn, pyTorch (for GPUs users).Nature of problem:▪ is a library in ▪, an open-source program providing some convenient tools for quantum measurement, quantum tomography, quantum metrology, and others. The library allows executing quantum circuits of spin ensembles in Dicke basis assisting from multi-core processors and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs).Solution method: Execute quantum circuits with a large number of particles. It generates a collective quantum register (collective state) by an ensemble of spin-1/2 particles under the collective process, evolves the state under applied quantum gates (collective operators), and provides measurement results on the Dicke basis.Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features:•Note for Installation:Download the source code and run: ▪Or install directly from PyPI, run: ▪(Note: conda may be used to install the external pyTorch library.)•Official website: https://vqisinfo.wixsite.com/tqix•API website: https://tqix-developers.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html•PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/tqix/

Challenges in the aviation system caused by the emergence of delivery drones

Using unmanned aerial systems is spreading in several industry sectors. New and previously not seen demands are evolving in the service industry. Due to the continuous technological development in the aviation and drone segment, this equipment can fulfil delivery tasks beyond the previously elaborated data collection operations. The professionals should present the possible and potential adverse effects of drones caused by the emergence and large-scale spread of the devices beyond the demonstrated benefits and advantages.

RDataFrame enhancements for HEP analyses

In recent years, RDataFrame, ROOT’s high-level interface for data analysis and processing, has seen widespread adoption on the part of HEP physicists. Much of this success is due to RDataFrame’s ergonomic programming model that enables the implementation of common analysis tasks more easily than previous APIs, without compromising on application performance. Nonetheless, RDataFrame’s interfaces have been further improved by the recent addition of several major HEP-oriented features: in this contribution we will introduce for instance a dedicated syntax to define systematic variations, per-data-sample call-backs useful to define quantities that vary on a per-sample basis, simplifications of collection operations and the injection of just-in-time-compiled Python functions in the optimized C++ event loop.

A comparison of energy allocation rules for a collective self-consumption operation in an industrial multi-energy microgrid

With the widespread development of renewable energy sources, collective self-consumption (CSC) has been increasingly considered over recent years to sell the surplus of generated power to nearby consumers. However, appropriate energy allocation rules must be designed to efficiently share the energy among consumers. This paper aims to study two kinds of repartition keys for a CSC operation with multiple producers in the framework of an industrial multi-energy microgrid located in France. The default key considered in French regulations is compared to an optimized key based on the maximization of the income for the producers, in such a way as to maximize profitability by allocating the energy according to the consumers’ electricity purchase price. The simulation results show that a CSC with an optimized key decreases the total electricity bill by 11.7%. For some producers, a reduction in the payback period between 6 months and 5 years is observed, compared to the case without CSC. A sensitivity analysis on economic assumptions is also proposed. The results show that the grid use tariff exemption is a key lever and makes it possible to find a more profitable selling price for producers and consumers, and to significantly reduce the payback period for investors.

Uphill resampling for particle filter and its implementation on graphics processing unit

We introduce a new resampling method, named Uphill, that is free from numerical instability and suitable for parallel implementation on graphics processing unit (GPU). Common resampling algorithms such as Systematic suffer from numerical instability when single precision floating point numbers are used. This is due to cumulative summation over the weights of particles when the weights differ widely or the number of particles is large. The Metropolis and Rejection resampling algorithms do not suffer from numerical instability as they only calculate the ratios of weights pairwise rather than perform collective operations over the weights. They are more suitable for the GPU implementation of the particle filter. However, they undergo non-coalesced global memory access patterns which cause their speed deteriorate rapidly as the number of particles gets large. Uphill also does not suffer from numerical instability but, experiences the same non-coalesced global memory access problem with Metropolis and Rejection. We introduce its faster version named Uphill-Fast which eliminates this problem. We make comparisons of Uphill and Uphill-Fast with the Systematic, Metropolis, Metropolis-C2 and Rejection resampling methods with respect to quality and speed. We also compare them on a highly non-linear system. Uphill-Fast runs faster and attains similar quality, in terms of RMSE, in comparison with Metropolis and Rejection when the number of particles is very large. Uphill-Fast runs with roughly same speed as Metropolis-C2 with better variance and MSE when the number of particles is very large.

DETERMINATION OF EXECUTORS FOR RECOVERY AND DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE

The presented article was prepared in connection with the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Waste Management» and is directed to the topical topic of the formation of a mechanism for determining business entities for the implementation of activities for the recovery and disposal of household waste in the structure of household waste management services in territorial communities. The purpose of the scientific search was to establish a procedure for identifying business entities that carry out activities related to the recovery and disposal of household waste. The article takes into account the sequence of operations of recovery and disposal of household waste when determining the performers of these services. Yes, the sequence of recovery operations can be established for each type of household waste, which is primarily sent to carry out preliminary operations with household waste before recovery, including preliminary treatment corresponding to the recovery position R12 (positions are defined in Appendix 2 to the new law), including dismantling, sorting, crushing, compacting, granulating, drying, grinding, conditioning, repacking, separating, mixing or mixing before being fed to any of the operations specified in recovery items R1-R11. If necessary, these operations may include recovery item R13 regarding the storage of waste prior to carrying out the operations specified in recovery items R1-R12 (except the collection operation). The sequence of disposal operations can be set for household waste as follows: priority should be directed to the implementation of operations corresponding to position D13 (the positions are defined in Appendix 1 to the new law), with further referral to the implementation of operations corresponding to position D5, as well as to the implementation of operations, corresponding to position D1 in the presence of a plan to bring the waste disposal site into compliance with the requirements of the law. The article defines the main requirements for the functioning of the waste management information system, the creation and administration of which will be carried out by the Ministry of Environment of Ukraine. The described need to create a waste management information system will be stolen from the subsystems of reporting, provision of administrative services and registers. Thus, the reporting subsystem will ensure the receipt, analysis and summarization of information on the volume, code and name, sources of waste generation, change of the owner of waste, online information on collection, transportation and waste treatment. The administrative services subsystem will ensure that business entities receive administrative services for issuing permits for waste treatment operations, licenses for hazardous waste management business activities, etc. The subsystem of registers will be stolen from: the Register of permits for the implementation of waste processing operations; Register of licenses for hazardous waste management business activities; Register of written consents (notifications) for cross-border transportation of hazardous waste and conclusions on cross-border transportation of waste; Register of producers of products for which extended responsibility of the producer has been established; Register of extended producer responsibility organizations; Register of business entities in the field of waste processing; other registers defined by legislation.

ЕКОЛОГІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА У НАФТОГАЗОВІЙ ГАЛУЗІ

Purpose. To deepen the knowledge in the field of protection and rational use of natural resources and specification will practically ensure effective training of specialists for the oil and gas industry. Methodology. The article contains a number of methodological and methodical materials aimed at deeper theoretical training in the field of oil and gas production. Results. The article examines environmental safety issues related to the oil and gas business, as well as indicates environmental threats and their consequences during shale gas extraction. They include an assessment of the impact on the environment in the process of search, exploration and extraction of oil and gas, their processing and transportation. In a short form, the anthropogenic impact on the geological environment is indicated, the main sources of environmental pollution during the operation of well production collection and transportation systems are shown, and the main causes of negative environmental consequences are also shown. Scientific novelty. Special attention is paid to various violations during drilling and their consequences, protection of underground water and subsoil, and it is indicated that oil industry wastewater can negatively affect the water supply of the population of the facility. The main causes of accidents at oil and gas production facilities are indicated. The reclamation of the territory and the stages of this reclamation are described separately. The legislative provision of nature protection is considered, international cooperation is briefly indicated, while it is indicated that China, the USA and other countries of the world do not stop the development of the shale gas industry, although there are a number of negative environmental factors.

Estimation Potential Of Methana Gas From Puwatu Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, Indonesia

Methane gas produced from municipal solid waste landfill has excellent energy potential if managed with the right technology. This study aims to estimate the amount of methane emissions from Puuwatu landfill in Kota Kendari, Indonesia using LandGEM V303 software. The LandGEM model used is based input data on the year landfill was opened and received waste, the year landfill was closed, and the potential for methane production. Total methane production in 2011 reached 8.3 × 102 (Mg/year), the first year after receipt of waste by landfill while the maximum methane production rate occurred during 2027, indicating a production peak of 1.44 × 104 (Mg/year). The results of this study can be used for the design and operation of methane collection and control of greenhouse gas emissions.

Топологічні аспекти моделювання паралельних обчислень при розв’язанні динамічних задач на базі інтерфейсу передачі повідомлень

The article deals with the development, substantiation and research of analytical models of data transmission when solving complex multidimensional dynamic problems. Models of interprocessor exchange are obtained for computing systems with distributed memory and topological architectures: ring, 2D-torus, hypercube, etc. The application of double arithmetic based on the GMP-library and its effect on the temporal characteristics of parallel applications are considered. The dependence of the parallelism characteristics of numerical algorithms when using the streaming SIMD-extension is analyzed. The modern stage of development of computer and information technologies has one of its directions - the use of the idea of parallelism in order to reduce the time of solving multidimensional problems that have a high temporal complexity or are even NP-complete. Despite the significant increase in the productivity of existing parallel systems, reducing the cost of components for their construction, development and implementation of parallel methods remains the most difficult problem due to the lack of study of the internal structure of algorithms and their properties. Thus, the introduction of parallel computing requires not so much the mastering of parallel data processing as the development of parallel algorithms based on the parallelization of sequential ones or the construction of fundamentally new, more efficient parallel methods. That is why the analysis of existing parallel algorithms, studying the possibilities of improving their characteristics is an important, promising and practically demanded task. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of solving complex multidimensional dynamic problems implemented on parallel architectures of distributed memory using the message passing interface (MPI) due to the reduction of communication time. Tasks of the work: firstly, it is the development of analytical models of multiple data transfer operations for different topologies of connection of processors, substantiation of the models and research of the quality of parallel calculations of various classes of numerical methods for cluster systems. The possibility and effectiveness of using double arithmetic (GMP-library) and its influence on the temporal characteristics of parallel implementation are separately investigated. Additionally, the paper analyzes the dependence of the parallelism characteristics of the methods on the use of Streaming SIMD-Extension (SSE). The scientific novelty of the field lies in the development and development of analytical models for processes of interprocessor exchange given by cluster systems, which allow to increase the efficiency of parallel implementations of numerical methods in rich dynamic tasks for a short period of time on a communication warehouse. The practical significance of the field is in the development of split models for the analysis of the efficiency of collective operations of multiple data transfer within the MPI interface, which is the current standard for software implementation of robots with shared memory. Possibility of arranging floating arithmetic based on the GMP library was added, which is especially important for the development of folding problems of dynamic problems with singularities.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ОБУЧЕНИЯ ОПЕРАТОРОВ

The article continues the authors’ research on constructing computer simulators for operators of technological control objects. The concept of hierarchical (two-level) mathematical stimulation of operation staff is proposed, which imitates the dynamic features of a man and implements the logical conclusion of decision-making. This resulted in a quality assessment and training correction in implementing both individual and collective operator training. The apparatus of fuzzy logic and E-nets (extended Petri nets) is used when constructing a logical and dynamic model for training purpose.

Customized FPGA Design and Analysis of Soft-Core Processor for DNN

Transistor scaling has continued to yield significant performance gains. The general-purpose architecture will not suffice in this dark silicon era with the big data boom and growing emphasis on performance. Artificial neural networks and deep learning are sophisticated computing activities that cannot be optimally executed (accuracy, performance, and energy) on today's general-purpose computer architecture. The demand for domain-specific computer architectures is increasing. This paper suggests and evaluates a highly reconfigurable domain-specific design for deep learning and artificial neural networks to overcome these problems. An FPGA-based soft-core processor for deep neural network (DNN) acceleration is suggested in this paper. Using a combination of unicast and multicast for collective operations, the proposed FPGA accelerates the performance of the deep learning network. The suggested design outperforms the current general-purpose processor by 6.6 times, according to a thorough examination and comparison. The existing architecture's level of accuracy is retained.