Collection Methods Research Articles

EXAMINING MARKET ACCEPTANCE

This research endeavors to ascertain whether family businesses employ new product development as a strategy that is well received by the market. This qualitative research examined the food and beverage family business in Surabaya. Data was collected from credentialed persons or expertise via the use of purposive sampling. Interviews served as the primary method of data collection. The present study examines the experiences of family business proprietors in the food and beverage industry who, in response to ineffective marketing strategies, initiated the creation of innovative products. This study emphasizes sensory enjoyment, economic value, and brand trust in product development.

AI in Soil Health Monitoring: A Data-Driven Approach

Abstract: The sustainability of ecosystems and agricultural productivity depend on healthy soil. However, conventional techniques for evaluating soil health are sometimes time-consuming, labor-intensive, and restricted in their geographic reach. New opportunities for scalable, real-time soil health monitoring have been made possible by recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and data-driven methodologies. This study examines a thorough AI-powered system for tracking soil health, emphasizing methods for data collection, processing, and predictive modeling. AI models can provide precise forecasts of soil characteristics, health indicators, and possible crop yields by combining data from multiple sources, such as remote sensing, soil sensors, and historical data. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of recent AI applications in soil health monitoring and suggests a reliable, scalable approach intended to incorporate diverse data sources, guaranteeing precise and effective soil health assessment.

AURANGZEBS APPROACH APPLIED IN THE MUGHAL MILITARY CAMPAIGN INVOLVING THE DECCAN REGION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Aurangzeb (1658-1707) was the Mughal emperor who succeeded his father Shah Jahan after successfully defeating his siblings in his efforts to seize the throne of the Mughal Empire. He is known for his strict religious personality and adherence to Sunni beliefs, besides exercising a firm and disciplined leadership. Aurangzeb decided to launch a military campaign during his reign into the Deccan region with the intention of overthrowing the Bijapur and Golconda Sultanates. Aurangzeb decided to conquer the region as he had the experience of once being the Viceroy of Deccan and faced numerous conflicts that threatened the Mughal rule. Hence, Aurangzeb designed an approach to expand his power and deal with the problem. This study aims to conduct a literature review of Aurangzebs approach in the Mughal power expansion campaign into the Deccan region. This qualitative study adopted the historical study and content analysis methods for the data collection and analysis processes, particularly involving primary and secondary data sources. The literature review was divided into three main sections, namely the history and development of the Deccan region, the Mughal Empires relationship with the Deccan region and Aurangzebs political biography. Discussions of the three main themes of this literature review facilitates further research, specifically in identifying factors that influenced the expansion of the Mughal Empire into the Deccan region.

PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SECONDARY INCLUSIVE SCHOOLS IN RWANDAA CASE OF GASABO

The study aimed to investigate the influence of parental involvement on performance of students with diverse learning needs in inclusive settings in secondary schools in Gasabo District-Rwanda. Specifically, the research sought to assess the influences of parent-school communication on students performance in secondary schools in Gasabo District, Rwanda to examine the influence of parents participation on students performance in secondary schools in Gasabo District-Rwanda and to determine the influences of parent-home assistance on students performance in secondary schools in Gasabo District, Rwanda The research used the descriptive survey design with quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis. The study populationwas made up of 1,918 people from which a sample size of 331 was drawn using the Yamane formula including 302 teachers, 8 head teachers, and 21 parents. The researcher adopted purposive sampling to select both teachers and head teachers of secondary schools, and convenient sampling to select parents. This study used questionnaire given to teachers, Focused group discussions (FGDs) given to parents whose children are disabled and interview guide given to head teachers. The information was analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and correlational analysis. The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship (r = .793, p < .01) between Parent-School Communication and students academic performance in secondary inclusive schools in Gasabo District. This also implies an association between the effect of parental involvement and students academic performance in secondary inclusive schools in Gasabo District. Furthermore, according to the findings, there is a strong positive correlation (r = .815, p < .01) between Parent-participation and students academic performance in in secondary inclusive schools in Gasabo. This indicates that students who engage in regular academic practice are more likely to retain the information they learn. Finally, the results indicate that there is a moderate to strong positive correlation (r = .935, p < .01) between parent-home assistance and students academic performance in in secondary inclusive schools in Gasabo. The researcher recommends several key strategies to address the issue of parental involvement in Rwanda. These include parent participation in school events and decision-makingprocesses, implement structured communication channels between the school and parents, establish clear guidelines and frameworks for schools to foster effective parental involvement in secondary inclusive schools. The researcher suggests exploring how teacher training and professional development can better prepare educators to engage parents in the education of their children.

Onrechmatige Daad and Default on Supreme Court Decision Number: Number: 1120 K / Pdt/2022 Jo. Number: 342 / Pdt / 2021 / PT MDN 342 / Pdt / 2021 / PT MDN.

Procurement agreements have a very important function in the development of the country's economy, the amount of state money involved in this agreement is very large. Failure to fulfill this feat is often the basis for the injured party not to execute the agreement. The existence of parties who do not run the agreement often arise disputes because there are parties who feel disadvantaged as a result of this. The purpose of this research is to: 1). Describe the form of unlawful acts and defaults in the implementation of the procurement of goods and services in the decision of the Supreme Court Number: 1120 K/Pdt/2022 Jo. Decision number: 342/Pdt/2021 / PT MDN, 2). Reviewing legal considerations by judges in Supreme Court decision number: 1120 K/Pdt/2022 Jo. Decision number: 342/Pdt/2021 / PT MDN, 3). Reviewing the legal settlement of disputes over the procurement of goods and services that are not in accordance with the agreement on the Supreme Court decision number: 1120 K/Pdt/2022 Jo. No.342 / Pdt / 2021 / PT MDN. This type of research is normative legal research the data source of this research is secondary data, which includes: primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The method of data collection using the study of literature and documents. Analysis of research data using normative analysis of research results obtained a conclusion that: 1). Form of tort and tort in the Procurement Agreement of goods and services with number: PJJ.04.04.01/05/07/2019/0104 about the procurement and installation of AC (Air Conditioner) at Garbarata Kualanamu Deli Serdang International Airport in the Supreme Court decision number: 1120 K/Pdt/2022 Jo. No.342/Pdt/2021/PT MDN is the plaintiff/comparator/applicant for Cassation I / respondent to Cassation II (CV. Marendal Mas) is considered to have done what was promised, but it is too late and the defendant/compared/applicant Cassation II / respondent Cassation I (PT. Angkasa Pura II Kualanamu Airport Branch) did not immediately make payment for the work that the plaintiff/comparator plaintiff/comparator/Cassation applicant I/Cassation respondent did, as a result CV. Marendal Mas felt aggrieved because he could not pay the working capital of the bank and declared bad loans and collateral threatened with auction.

The State of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): A Framework to Promote Community Gains from Mines in North-Western Province of Zambia

The study explores the current state of CSR exhibited by mining firms in North-Western province of Zambia. An argument is made that mining firms are not doing enough for the province through their CSR programs. The study uses content analysis to examine sustainability reports of two leading mining firms in the North-Western province of Zambia namely, Barrick Gold Corporation (BGC) and First Quantum Minerals Limited (FQML). Thereafter, the study engages various stakeholders through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), interviews and a survey questionnaire to probe deeper the results of the content analysis and corroborate the evidence obtained from the mining firms. The study employs statistical methods and thematic analysis to analyze the primary data collected from the respondents. The study results indicate that the current state of CSR exhibited by the mining firms neither meets the expectations of the people in the province nor promotes gains in the host communities. CSR programs are only used to maintain the social license of the mining firms and to legitimize their existence in pursuit of maximizing profitability of the firms. The study contributes to the CSR literature by developing a framework that promotes community gains from CSR discharged by mining firms. The study results may also help the mining industry regulators to formulate future social and environmental responsibility indicators that may encourage mining companies to disclose more useful information to enhance the “quality” of disclosures in the mining industry. The two-stage data collection and analysis methods of content analysis and thematic analysis, together, add qualitative depth to our analysis which may help relevant stakeholders to improve their understanding of CSR practices in the mining industry.

Analysis of the Influence of Consumer Trust, Perceived Benefits, and Usage Risks on QRIS User Satisfaction with Ease of Use as a Mediating Variable: A Case Study of Jatinegara District, East Jakarta

This research aims to analyze the influence of consumer trust, benefits, and risks on user satisfaction with QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) through ease of use. In today’s era, payment or transaction systems are mostly conducted online using QR code scanning. Therefore, this research focuses on understanding the extent to which trust affects consumer satisfaction in using QRIS as a payment tool and explores the benefits of QRIS usage for the community. Additionally, the research assesses the impact of risks associated with using QRIS on user satisfaction. Ease of use serves as a mediating factor contributing to user satisfaction as the final outcome. The research employs stratified sampling as the sampling method. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, and distributing questionnaires. The analysis is conducted using SmartPLS 4 with Path Coefficient testing to measure the direct influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. The final results of this study are expected to provide insights specifically for QRIS service providers and developers.

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Kepuasan Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan

Employee loyalty is reflected in employee obedience, responsibility and discipline. Initial observations show that the number of employees is decreasing from year to year, and some employees violate regulations, such as arriving late and not following company regulations. Therefore, the aim of this research is to test whether leadership style, motivation and rewards influence employee retention. The research method used is a quantitative approach, namely analysis of numerical data processed using statistical methods. This research was conducted to determine the influence of leadership, job satisfaction, and motivation on employee loyalty. The sampling technique used saturated samples with a sample size of 13 respondents. The data collection methods used were questionnaires, interviews, documentation and observation. The data analysis technique uses multiple regression analysis using the IBM SPSS 25 program. The conclusion from these results is that the influence of leadership, job satisfaction and motivation has a significant influence on employee loyalty. Suggestions for future researchers are to collect a larger sample in the company and fill out the questionnaire in language that is easier for employees to understand.

Memperluas Pelaksanaan Wakaf Pendidikan di Malaysia

Providing a conducive and contemporary educational infrastructure requires a large-scale budget. Plus, learning ecosystem should be developed in line with current technologies. It is inefficient to depend on government allocation for education in the long run. Constructive engagement dan active contribution from all parties are strongly needed. Hence, stern actions to come out with comprehensive, concrete and resilient solutions are essential. This vacuum can be filled with education waqf as an alternative shariah compliance financial mechanism which characterise a complementative and sustainable fund. This article aims to review the feasibility of education waqf for the school level in the Malaysian status quo and education system. Qualitative approach with content analysis is used. The data collection method is the analysis of secondary source documents and being analysed descriptively as well as inductively. The results show that there are several constraints to implement educational waqf broadly such as legal factors. However, there are still spaces that can be utilised to implement educational waqf comprehensively through collaborative cooperation with stakeholders. All stakeholders in education must manipulate all capabilities and resources towards realising this aspiration, especially in an era of increasingly complex education with the COVID-19 pandemic threat and global economic uncertainty.

Analysis of Women’s Leadership Style (Case Study of the Leadership Style of the President Director and Country Chair of PT Shell Indonesia)

Every leader, whether male or female, has their own characteristics and leadership style. There are twelve characteristics of female leadership and four styles of female leadership. The four female leadership styles are masculine leadership style, feminine leadership style, transformational leadership style, and transactional leadership style. The aim of this research is to determine the female leadership style applied by the leaders of PT Shell Indonesia. This research is a descriptive qualitative study that uses data collection methods through interviews. The technique for determining informants uses purposive sampling. To test the validity of the data, researchers used source triangulation. The results of this research show that leaders only apply three of the twelve characteristics of female leadership. Between masculine-feminine leadership styles, leaders apply a masculine leadership style. Meanwhile, between the transformational-transactional leadership styles, the leader applies a transactional leadership style. But between masculine and transactional leadership styles, leaders apply a masculine leadership style. This is because the leader is a firm and task-oriented leader.

Consumer Perception of Health and Wellness Products

This study aims to understand consumer perceptions of health and wellness products amidst growing public awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle. Using a qualitative approach, this research explores factors that influence consumer perceptions, such as trust, personal experience, preferences, and social influence. Data collection methods include in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with 20 respondents from diverse backgrounds in age, gender, and physical activity levels. A purposive sampling technique was used to ensure a relevant variety of views on health and wellness products. The collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis, producing key themes such as trust in product safety and effectiveness, preferences for natural over chemically-based products, and the influence of community and social media in shaping perceptions. The study's findings indicate that consumer perceptions of health products are significantly influenced by personal experiences and information obtained from social environments and media. Trust in the brand and the transparency of manufacturers in providing information also play an important role in shaping consumer decisions. Additionally, it was found that consumers tend to prefer products considered natural and that offer clear health claims. This research provides insights for producers in designing marketing strategies that can enhance consumer trust through transparent education and strengthen brand reputation.

The effect of PNF combination exercise therapy on shin splint injuries in marathon runners

Training at high intensity without proper warm-up and cool-down can cause shin splint injuries in runners. This may lead to a decline in the athlete’s performance during training and competition. This study aims to determine the effect of PNF training therapy on shin splint injuries in marathon runners. This research employs a quasi-experimental approach with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Data collection methods include tests and measurements using a goniometer to assess joint range of motion (ROM) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure pain levels. The population in this study consisted of running athletes from the Yogyakarta running community, with a sample of 16 individuals selected based on specific criteria. The study results showed a significant average reduction in knee pain of 1.00 and ankle pain of 0.94. Additionally, an increase in knee ROM was observed: flexion increased by 7.81; extension by 7.82; adduction by 4.25; and abduction by 3.75. Ankle ROM also increased: dorsiflexion by 5.94, plantarflexion by 3.62, inversion by 3.57, and eversion by 2.68.

Methods Applied in Developing Students' English Speaking Confidence at MA Al Ma'arif NU Lombok

This study scrutinized teachers' strategies for developing students' speaking confidence. The qualitative approach was adopted using observation and interviews as data collection methods. Four English teachers with a myriad of experiences in coping with students' problems with speaking confidence were invited as samples. The analysis of data procedures involved Kawulich's (2004) work, including Narrative, Coding, Interpretation, Confirmation, and Presentation. The findings revealed that the students had low confidence in speaking due to being Afraid of Speaking, Feeling Inferior, and Being Shy. Teachers developed strategies to cope with problems, including guiding the students when speaking, conducting peer tutoring, habituating students to speak, and giving games to motivate them to learn. Based on the data, some improvements were achieved after the strategies: teachers as guides followed by speaking as habits improved students' speaking confidence; Peer Tutors and Teachers as Guides boost students' understanding; Peer Tutors and Games promote more enthusiasm for students. This study recommends that the principals facilitate teachers' autonomy in teaching, such as conducting programs compatible with students' learning needs by providing collaborative learning opportunities and involving fun learning activities to get students' enthusiasm, which will generate their motivation and confidence

Student Perceptions of ChatGPT in Mandatory EFL Writing Classes at a Korean University : A Case Study

This study explored to what extent students at a Korean university perceive ChatGPT as useful in mandatory university EFL writing classes. In addition, preferences regarding methods of instruction and the outlook for future classes of a similar nature in the era of ChatGPT were also examined. 239 students enrolled at a university located on the outskirts of Seoul responded to a survey questionnaire consisting of a combination of multiple choice, 10-point Likert scale, and open-ended questions, which was used as the primary data collection method. Data analysis was conducted using general qualitative analysis for open ended questions and descriptive statistics for multiple choice and 10-point Likert scale questions. In addition, if consent was given, survey participants were contacted by e-mail to discuss responses in further detail. Despite concerns relating to ownership of learning and overreliance, the findings indicate generally positive perceptions of ChatGPT in terms of assisting with grammar, vocabulary, brainstorming, and proofreading. Conventional approaches (e.g., human teacher, in person lessons, and inter student / teacher communication) are still highly desired although the increasing influence of ChatGPT cannot be ignored. There is a belief that mandatory EFL writing classes currently play a vital role at Korean universities, and there is a strong preference for them to continue. Administrational and educational implications are also discussed.

Utilization and Effectiveness of Agro-industrial Digital Marketing in Malang Raya

In the digital era, the agro-industrial sector has transitioned from conventional marketing to digital marketing. One of the agro-industry companies in Malang Raya, ALE, focuses on processing fruits and vegetables into healthy snack chips. The company engages in various digital marketing activities, including sales through e-commerce platforms such as Shopee, Tokopedia, and Lazada, and promotional efforts on social media platforms like TikTok and Instagram. This research aims to analyze (1) the utilization of digital marketing, and (2) the effectiveness of social media promotion based on engagement rates. The study employs both primary and secondary data, incorporating qualitative and quantitative forms, which are analyzed descriptively using a case study approach. Data collection methods include interviews, observation, and content analysis. The findings highlight the advantages of e-commerce channels, sales strategies like bundling and live streaming on e-commerce platforms, and storytelling and sales promotion strategies on social media. Additionally, the engagement rates on ALE's TikTok (12.71%) and Instagram (4.50%) indicate a high engagement rate level, with values exceeding the 2.72% benchmark, demonstrating the strong effectiveness of these platforms as promotional tools for the company.

DNA extraction protocol from Myrciariacaerulescens J.M.A. Braga, M.T.C. Lacerda & Stadnik (MYRTACEAE)

Myrciaria caerulescens, a fruit-bearing species endemic to Bahia, Brazil, and recently described, has ecological and economic potential. The analysis of genetic diversity and the use of molecular techniques are essential for its conservation and genetic improvement of M. caerulescens.The objective of this work was to standardize the protocol for extracting total DNA from Myrciaria caerulescens in the municipalities of Caetité and Lagoa Real in Bahia. Young leaves were collected using three collection methods and added to aluminum foil stored on ice, aluminum foil with silica and silica in a 50 mL test tube, where they received alphanumeric identification.The material was taken to the Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Center Laboratory at UFRB, the silica was removed from the samples and stored in an ultra freezer at -80°C. For genomic DNA extraction, the three collection and extraction methods of the 40 samples, three protocols were tested for each method. The protocols of Lodhi (1994), modified by Pereira (2005), Doyle and Doyle (1987) and Murray and Tompsom (1980).Liquid nitrogen was used for crushing, helping to break down the M.caerulescens material. The isolated DNA influenced the quality and quantity of the methods and protocols tested. Silica gel method in the test tube had a greater amount of DNA compared to the others.The best result in DNA bands was described in Lodhi (1994), modified by Pereira (2005), better quality and higher concentration of extracted DNA, the test tube with silica, greater presence of bands, following the aluminum foil with silica for both locations. CTAB protocols were efficient in extraction. The increase in the amount of NaCl (0.5 to 5M) made it possible to quantify DNA bands in the agarose gel with positive ions neutralizing the negative charge of the DNA phosphate group.

THE MORAL DIMENSION REFLECTED IN THE SONGS TOMORROW AND WHALIEN 52 BY BTS

Music is an important component of human existence. It has the power to change the listener's mood and evoke emotions. This is a reflection of human love for the beauty of rhythm. To fully appreciate the beauty of music, the lyrics and rhythm must be in harmony with the listener's emotions. This research analyzes the moral meaning of BTS's "Tomorrow & Whalen 52". The approach of data collection adopted is observation, while the technique utilized involves listening and recording the outcomes of the analysis. In analyzing the data, data was taken from lyric quotes in the songs. The aim of this study was to explore the ethical implications of a particular song, and the researcher used qualitative methods for data collection. The data obtained will be analyzed using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory. Some of the moral messages the writer found in the songs "Tomorrow" and "Whalien 52", include the importance of perseverance, self-love, and self-disclosure with others. In writing this article, the writer hopes to achieve theoretical, academic, and practical significance for the writer and readers in at least three ways: personally, academically (literature), and practically (people in general). Personally, this article can provide insight from a literary perspective, especially regarding the meaning of morals, which we hope will be useful for other people.

User Preference Maps: Quantifying the Built Environment

The built environment in which we live holds the potential to provide life experiences that allow pedestrians to observe, feel, learn, and grow through their surroundings in everyday urban spaces. If a city offers opportunities for careful observation and exploration according to users’ preferences, it will become more appealing to many people. This study selected Midtown, New York, as the research site and collected a total of seven datasets based on 30 intersections in the area. The data, categorized into three main areas—activity, comfort, and natural elements—were evaluated, visualized, and restructured using a path exploration algorithm to produce a final user-based map. For this, 3D modeling software Rhino version 7, visual programming tool Grasshopper, and Grasshopper verion 2023 plugin programs were used. The final result included 3D route information, quantitative measurement data, and multidimensional visual materials. This approach presents an alternative to traditional route navigation based on uniform criteria and, through data-driven design, is believed to ultimately enhance walkability, activate urban spaces, and contribute to the development of sustainable cities. The scope of related research can further expand as the targets, duration, and methods of data collection continue to evolve and as case studies in various cities increase.

Leveraging the Use of Learning Technologies in Higher Education to Optimise Student Learning

In recent years, lecturers and educational practitioners in higher education institutions (HEIs) have widely discussed and debated pedagogical innovation. This research aimed to critically analyse the lecturers' views on the use of learning technologies to optimise student learning in HEIs. This research was conducted at a private higher education institution in Pretoria, South Africa. The effective use of learning technologies lends itself to pedagogical innovation and optimisation of student learning so that they are better prepared to integrate into the world of work. A qualitative research design was used for this study. The method of data collection was individual interviews with five lecturers from different faculties. Faculties include Education, Humanities and Social Science, Finance and Accounting, Law and Information Technology. Data was analysed through the lens of the SAMR model framework using qualitative thematic analysis. The key findings indicated that lecturers believed learning technologies are used effectively when fit-for-purpose and integrated into quality planning. Furthermore, lecturers emphasised that training, development, and collaborative decision-making were essential in selecting learning technologies. Module developers and lecturers need to work in collaboration and not in isolation.

The Relationship Between Institutional Pedagogy and the Brand Identity Formation of Higher Education Institutions

This study sought to facilitate insight into the potential role of pedagogy in the brand identity formation of higher education institutions (HEIs) through a study of selected HEIs in The Gambia. Specifically, the study sought to address the following research question: What role do pedagogical practices play in building the brand identity of selected universities in The Gambia? The intra-paradigm qualitative mixed method of data collection underpinned the research design. This research design facilitated a preliminary analysis of the contents of institutional documents and social media postings. This process was followed by telephonic and virtually mediated in-depth interviews through which this researcher explored the interactionist interpretations, recollections, experiences, and opinions of 54 participants (students and staff) on the themes of institutional brand management practices, institutional pedagogical practices, institutional brand identity, and the links between pedagogical practices and institutional brand identity. The study used the Corporate Brand Identity Matrix as a supporting analysis framework. The findings show a relationship between pedagogical practices and institutional brand identity formation. The evidence suggests that the selected HEIs use hardly differentiated production-style portfolios of academic courses to pursue largely unengaged students, prospective students, and other stakeholders. Further findings indicate that teaching and learning practice is dominated by academic staff's discretionary use of transmissive pedagogy. This insight emerged against the background of additional evidence, which shows a link between pedagogy policy and practices of HEIs and stakeholder impressions. A synthesis of these findings culminated in the emergence of the pedagogy-based higher education brand identity matrix (P-HEBIM), which this study proposes as a novel framework for the branding of HEIs. The study sets out a practitioner guide on how higher education managers can pursue the institutional brand management priorities of branding strategy development, competitor intelligence, and brand communication using the P-HEBIM as a framework.