Collective Flow Research Articles

Comparative study on collection performance of two back-end methods of double-row hydraulic sluicing structure in deep-sea mining

This study aims to investigate two different back-end action methods, induced flow type and suction type for deepsea mining. The nodule collection characteristics of both methods are compared based on the internal flow field, particle movement and comprehensive performance using an inside-outside numerical method that is validated by experimental results. The differences between the two models from these three perspectives strengthen the understanding of the harvesting mechanism. An energy analysis and quantitative evaluation method for hydraulic harvesting are proposed to assess the combined efficiency of the two methods. The results indicate that the energy utilisation rate is 34.68% for the induced flow type and 29.89% for the suction type under the same collection rate and flow rate. Furthermore, the overall efficiency of the induced flow type is 15.89% higher than that of the suction type. Regarding the construction of the flow field, the suction flow under the suction type plays the leading role, and the double jet plays a secondary role, whereas the opposite is true for the induced flow type. The suction type and the induced flow type have their own advantages in terms of their effect on particles in different regional stages. Finally, a qualitative evaluation of the comprehensive performance of the two acquisition methods is performed.

Body and mind: Decoding the dynamics of pedestrians and the effect of smartphone distraction by coupling mechanical and decisional processes

Pedestrians are able to anticipate, which gives them an edge in avoiding collisions and navigating in cluttered spaces. However, these capabilities are impaired by digital distraction through smartphones, a growing safety concern. To capture these features, we put forward a continuous agent-based model (dubbed ANDA) hinging on a transparent delineation of a decision-making process, wherein a desired velocity is selected as the optimum of a perceived cost, and a mechanical layer that handles contacts and collisions. Altogether, the model includes less than a dozen parameters, many of which are fit using independent experimental data. The versatility of ANDA is demonstrated by numerical simulations that successfully replicate empirical observations in a very wide range of scenarios. These scenarios vary from collision avoidance involving one, two, or more agents, to collective flow properties in unidirectional and bidirectional settings, and to the dynamics of evacuation through a bottleneck, where contact forces are directly accessible. Remarkably, the model is able to replicate the enhanced chaoticity of the flow observed experimentally in ’smartphone-walking’ pedestrians, by reducing the frequency of decisional updates, replicating the digital distraction effect. The conceptual transparency of the model makes it easy to pinpoint the origin of its current limitations and to clarify the singular position of pedestrian crowds amid active-matter systems.

The photon production and collective flows from magnetic induced gluon fusion and splitting in early stage of high energy nuclear collision

We present an event-by-event study of photon production in early stage of high energy nuclear collisions, where the system is dominant by highly occupied of gluons and initialized by McLerran-Venugopalan model. The photons are produced through the gluon fusion and splitting processes when strong magnetic field is included. We study the spectra and collective flows of the photons and show their dependence on transverse momentum qT. It is found that in our approach the photons from boost invariant evolving glasma provide visible enhancement on spectrum and obvious contribution on v2 of the total direct photons. The results, by weighting on top of parton-hadron-string dynamics (PHSD) model, agree even better with experiment measurements in Au-Au 20%-40% centrality collisions at sNN=200 GeV.

Digital Investigation of Network Traffic Using Machine Learning

In this study, an intelligent system that can gather and process network packets is built. Machine learning techniques are used to create a traffic classifier that divides packets into hazardous and non-malicious categories. The system utilizing resources was previously classified using a number of conventional techniques; however, this strategy adds machine learning., a study area that is currently active and has so far yielded promising results. The major aims of this paper are to monitor traffic, analyze incursions, and control them. The flow of data collection is used to develop a traffic classification system based on features of observed internet packets. This classification will aid IT managers in recognizing the vague assault that is becoming more common in the IT industry The suggested methods described in this research help gather network data and detect which threat was launched in a specific network to distinguish between malicious and benign packets. This paper’s major goal is to create a proactive system for detecting network attacks using classifiers based on machine learning that can recognize new packets and distinguish between hostile and benign network packets using rules from the KDD dataset. The algorithm is trained to employ the characteristics of the NSL-KDD dataset.

Experimental and numerical study of a conceptual nodule pick-up device with spiral flow generator

The nodule pick-up device is an indispensable component in deep-sea mining systems. To achieve high pick-up efficiency and low environmental disturbance during the collection process, a conceptual sucker-shaped nodule pick-up device is proposed by incorporating the spiral flow generator with four jet nozzles, featuring a jet start-spin mechanism. The performance, flow-field characteristics, and ambient disturbance were comprehensively examined under three swirling intensities through experiments and numerical simulations. The results showed that the device with tangential jet involvement can enhance the pick-up efficiency by approximately 12.8% in comparison with the suction-only mode. The augmentation in the swirling intensity leads to a transition in the nodule trajectory from a state of disarray to a well-defined circular motion owing to the disparate pressures encompassing the nodule. As the swirling intensity increases, the flow field with a vertical-axis vortex materializes into the vertical pressure disparity. Furthermore, the sea-bed deposits become more concentrated within the pick-up device (r/(D/2) < 0.5), withholding the tendency to disturb adjacent areas. These results will improve the understanding of the physics of nodule collection flows and help develop more efficient and environmentally friendly techniques for deep-sea mining.

Impelementation of Local Tax Billing at The East Kalimantan BAPENDA

This study aims to determine the guidelines for implementing tax collection and explain the flow of tax collection at the Regional Revenue Agency of East Kalimantan Province. In addition, this study seeks the implementation of tax collection carried out in Bapenda East Kalimantan and provides suggestions and alternatives that need to be considered. This research uses a qualitative approach with field research analysis studies. Data collection was carried out using literature method and interviews. Finding shows that the implementation of tax collection in Bapenda East Kalimantan is quite good with the issuance of Regional Tax Bills. However, the absence of a tax bailiff results in the absence of issuance of Forced Letters to taxpayers who have tax bills that have passed the time period. Determination of Regional Regulations related to tax collection and training of tax bailiffs to be considered by the East Kalimantan Provincial Government so that tax collection and tax revenue are maximized.

Probing Chiral Magnetic Wave phenomena in Pb–Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC

The interplay of the chiral anomaly and the strong magnetic field ( ∼1015 T) created in non central heavy-ion collisions could give rise to a collective excitation in the quark-gluon plasma called the Chiral Magnetic Wave (CMW), which can be experimentally sought through the charge asymmetry (A ch) dependence of the elliptic flow v 2 of positively and negatively charged hadrons. However, non-CMW mechanisms such as local charge conservation (LCC) interwined with collective flow can also lead to a similar dependence of v 2 on A ch. The measurement of triangular flow (v 3) thus serves as a reference as it is not expected to be affected by the CMW. In this study the slope parameters of Δv 2 vs A ch and Δv 3 vs A ch are estimated and compared with each other and with theoretical models to probe the CMW background.

Influence of self-disassembly of bridges on collective flow characteristics of swarm robots in a single-lane and periodic system with a gap

Influence of self-disassembly of bridges on collective flow characteristics of swarm robots in a single-lane and periodic system with a gap

Analyzing and Designing Public Aspiration Category and Data Information System through Agile Scrum Approach

Bappeda Malang City has problems in the implementation of community aspirations data collection which results in difficulty seeing the latest aspirations data and the long flow of data collection. In this case, the authors conducted an analysis and design of a web-based community aspirations data collection system which would make it easier for Bappeda to collect data on aspirations. This web-based aspiration data collection system will make it easier for Bappeda to see the actual aspirations conveyed by the community. The method in analyzing and designing a web-based data collection and categorization system with the Laravel 9 framework uses the scrum method with various customized activities. The process of activities carried out to produce the aspirational data collection system included condition analysis and data collection, system design, and system implementation. The process in this study goes through the stages of system design, which includes scrum (product backlog, sprints, scrum meetings) and also business design (flowchart diagrams, use case diagrams, ERD diagrams). The results obtained in this study are of good value and can be used after carrying out user testing carried out at the system implementation stage.

Collective flows of clusters and pions in heavy-ion collisions at GeV energies

Collective flows of clusters and pions in heavy-ion collisions at GeV energies

Freight trip distribution using spatiotemporal aggregate data: A modified collective flow diffusion model-based approach

The estimation of freight trip distribution is an important issue in freight transport studies, and collecting data on the spatiotemporal aggregated number of freight vehicles without trip information is relatively easy and inexpensive. In this paper, we propose a new model for freight distribution estimation, referred to as “TripCFDM.” Unlike the traditional collective flow diffusion model (CFDM), which solely relies on aggregate data, TripCFDM relies on aggregate data along with a small amount of trip data. CFDM estimates the probability of latent zonal freight trips based on aggregate data corresponding to the number of vehicles in each zone and time step. The use of the aggregate and small amounts of trip data ensures a realistic data acquisition environment. Our model is applied to freight trips in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area using the National Survey of Roads and Streets Traffic Conditions (Road Traffic Census). The results reveal that TripCFDM yields a significant improvement in the estimated probability compared with CFDM, particularly for intrazonal freight trips. However, the estimation results of interzonal trips obtained by CFDM and TripCFDM tend to be similar, suggesting that CFDM alone may be adequate to estimate the probability of interzonal trips with a sufficient degree of accuracy; nevertheless, TripCFDM is a better method for freight trip distribution estimation, including for intrazonal trips. The results of CFDM are not significantly affected by the time steps in the input data, whereas TripCFDM can yield higher accuracies with longer time steps. Regarding the number of zones and zone size, sufficient zone aggregation may be effective in improving the estimation accuracy because a detailed zonal division leads to a small probability of origin–destination trips with extensive computations. Based on this modified CFDM approach, origin and destination matrices for freight transport can be generated without large-scale surveys.

Scaling of Collective Flow of Charged and Identified Hadrons in Au + Au Collisions at $$\sqrt {{{s}_{{NN}}}} = 11.5 - 62.4 $$ GeV from the STAR Experiment

Scaling of Collective Flow of Charged and Identified Hadrons in Au + Au Collisions at $$\sqrt {{{s}_{{NN}}}} = 11.5 - 62.4 $$ GeV from the STAR Experiment

Increasing the collection flow rate to 2 mL/min is effective and reduces the procedure time in off-line photopheresis.

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) treatment, mostly based on apheresis technology, is used for immunomodulation in various diseases such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, graft versus host disease and other (auto)immune disorders. The aim of this study was to collect high cell counts and purity in shorter procedure times using an ECP off-line system with an increased collection flow rate of 2 mL/min to a target volume of 200 mL buffy coat. In this prospective study, data of routinely performed off-line photopheresis treatments were collected and analyzed at the Central Institute for Blood Transfusion & Department of Immunology (ZIB) of the Tirol Kliniken, to assess absolute cell counts and procedure times and to calculate collection efficiencies (CE2). A total of 22 patients participated in this study. The processed blood volume was 4312 mL, the collection time 120 min, overall procedure time 157 min and the absolute cell counts of treated white blood cells (WBC) and mononuclear cells (MNC) were 5.0 and 4.3 × 109 respectively (median values). The calculated CE2 for WBC and MNC was 21.1% and 58.5%, the proportion of treated MNCs of the total number of MNCs present was 55.0%. The data presented in this study show high therapeutically effective cell counts collected with a high MNC purity within a shorter overall collection/procedure time due to an increased collection flow rate.

Young Woman With Vulvar Mass.

A 20-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 2-month history of a left groin mass, which slowly grew after mild blunt trauma. The mass became painful 2 days ago, but she denied vaginal discharge, pain, abnormal bleeding, or dysuria. Physical examination revealed an asymmetric, indurated, tender mass over the left lateral aspect of the mons pubis extending through the labia and inguinal area. (Figure 1) Bedside ultrasound evaluation showed a complex lesion without obvious fluid collection or Doppler flow (Figure 2), and computed tomography confirmed (Figure 3) a 9-centimeter soft tissue density.Figure 2Bedside ultrasound showed heterogenous mass without fluid collection or Doppler flow.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)Figure 3Computed tomography of pelvis with contrast demonstrated a peripherally enhancing 9 cm soft tissue density in the left inguinal region (arrow).View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) Epithelioid sarcoma. After surveillance imaging results of the abdomen and thorax were negative, surgeons performed a core biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with prophylactic salpingectomy and planned resection. Soft tissue sarcomas represent an eclectic group of rare neoplasms, and epithelioid sarcoma is an aggressive subtype more commonly affecting young men, typically as a firm, painless distal extremity lesion that is notably associated with slow growth after trauma.1Popovich J.R. Kashyap S. Cassaro S. Sarcoma StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)2022 Janhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519533/Date accessed: March 7, 2022Google Scholar, 2Sobanko J.F. Meijer L. Nigra T.P. Epithelioid sarcoma: a review and update.J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2009 May; 2: 49-54PubMed Google Scholar, 3Enzinger F.M. Epitheloid sarcoma. A sarcoma simulating a granuloma or a carcinoma.Cancer. 1970; 26: 1029-1041Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 4Andrisani A. Serena A. Ambrosini G. Capobianco G. Chiarelli S. Proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma of the mons pubis: report of a case.Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2011; 32: 339-342PubMed Google Scholar A lesion of the mons pubis is rare. Prognosis is generally poor as epithelioid sarcoma has a propensity for local recurrence and distant metastases.2Sobanko J.F. Meijer L. Nigra T.P. Epithelioid sarcoma: a review and update.J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2009 May; 2: 49-54PubMed Google Scholar,5Patrizi L. Corrado G. Saltari M. et al.Vulvar “proximal-type” epithelioid sarcoma: report of a case and review of the literature.Diagn Pathol. 2013; 8: 122Crossref PubMed Google Scholar Benign etiologies such as cysts, abscesses, or lipomas are clinically similar.

Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams for Low-Altitude Air city Transport

Low-altitude aircraft is being developed as a new mode of urban transport; consequently, the penetration of low-altitude aircraft into the urban airspace is inevitable in the near future. This will give rise to new urban air transport systems, called low-altitude air city transport (LAAT) systems. Such systems will include aircraft operated with or without pilots, transferring passengers and goods in urban areas using low-altitude levels of urban airspace.This paper investigates the collective and aggregate aircraft traffic flow diagrams, i.e. Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams (MFDs), for LAAT systems. A LAAT plant model that captures the microscopic and macroscopic levels is established to construct the MFD curve, which links flow, density, and speed. The MFD allows us to identify the airspace traffic conditions, and to detect congested regimes. Different case study examples were simulated to analyze the full shape of MFD curves for LAAT systems, considering different algorithms (waypoints and destination plane), aircraft, and airspace settings. In this paper, a unique modeling framework for LAAT operation and a real-time synchronized implementation of large-scale LAAT simulation were developed. The findings of the current paper, the development of LAAT simulation environment, and the identification of airspace traffic conditions, can lead to the development of aggregate models and new control strategies to minimize congestion in futuristic urban airspace.

Opacity dependence of transverse flow, preequilibrium, and applicability of hydrodynamics in heavy-ion collisions

We evaluate the full opacity dependence of collective flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions within a microscopic kinetic description based on the Boltzmann equation in the conformal relaxation time approximation. By comparing kinetic theory calculations to hydrodynamic and hybrid simulations for an average initial state, we point out shortcomings and inaccuracies of hydrodynamic models and present modified simulation setups to improve them.

Collective Flows Drive Cavitation in Spinner Monolayers.

Hydrodynamic interactions can give rise to a collective motion of rotating particles. This, in turn, can lead to coherent fluid flows. Using large scale hydrodynamic simulations, we study the coupling between these two in spinner monolayers at weakly inertial regime. We observe an instability, where the initially uniform particle layer separates into particle void and particle rich areas. The particle void region corresponds to a fluid vortex, and it is driven by a surrounding spinner edge current. We show that the instability originates from a hydrodynamic lift force between the particle and fluid flows. The cavitation can be tuned by the strength of the collective flows. It is suppressed when the spinners are confined by a no-slip surface, and multiple cavity and oscillating cavity states are observed when the particle concentration is reduced.

A novel energy harvester based on dual vibrating mechanisms with self-actuation

This paper introduced a novel energy harvester with a tunnel and drop-shaped bluffbody for self-actuation and wind speed sensing. The harvester exhibits dual vibrating mechanisms of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and galloping. Theoretical and numerical analyses were conducted to study the energy conversion relationship and fluid field of the harvester, and the conclusions were verified by controlled variable experiments. The optimal design values of inlet angle I 40°, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) angle P 10°, and exit angle E 10° were demonstrated with the highest output of 10.42Vp-p at the wind speed of 18m/s. The output voltage of the PVDF energy harvester has a reliable relationship with the wind speed as a function of wind speed sensor, which could be applied for meteorological information collection and fluid flow rate monitoring with further study conducted underwater.

In-medium effect and collective flow of pion production in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions

In-medium effect and collective flow of pion production in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions

Establishing the Range of Applicability of Hydrodynamics in High-Energy Collisions.

We simulate the space-time dynamics of high-energy collisions based on a microscopic kinetic description in the conformal relaxation time approximation, in order to determine the range of applicability of an effective description in relativistic viscous hydrodynamics. We find that hydrodynamics provides a quantitatively accurate description of collective flow when the average inverse Reynolds number Re^{-1} is sufficiently small and the early preequilibrium stage is properly accounted for. We further discuss the implications of our findings for the (in)applicability of hydrodynamics in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and light nucleus collisions.