Collective Enterprise Research Articles

On the essence of the collective ownership enterprise status

On the essence of the collective ownership enterprise status

Conceptualizing Perseverance in Problem Solving as Collective Enterprise

ABSTRACTStudents are expected to learn mathematics such that when they encounter challenging problems they will persist. Creating opportunities for students to persist in problem solving is therefore argued as essential to effective teaching and to children developing positive dispositions in mathematical learning. This analysis takes a novel approach to perseverance by conceptualizing it as collective enterprise among learners in lieu of its more conventional treatment as an individual capacity. Drawing on video of elementary school children in two US classrooms (n = 52), this paper offers: (1) empirical examples that define perseverance as collective enterprise; (2) indicators of perseverance for teachers (and researchers) to support (and study) its emergence; and (3) evidence of how the task, peer dynamics, and student-teacher interactions afford or constrain its occurrence. The significance of perseverance as collective enterprise and as an object of design in developing effective learning communities, is discussed.

The teacher as co-creator of drama: a phenomenological study of the experiences and reflections of Irish primary school teachers

Classroom drama in the Irish primary school context remains a relatively new endeavour and is largely under-researched. The knowledge base for all aspects of teacher education should be informed by rigorous reflection on teachers’ experiences in the classroom. This paper reports on a phenomenological study conducted with seven Irish primary school teachers which focused on their experiences of co-creating drama with their students. Co-creating drama is held in this work to be the coming together of teacher and students in a collective creative enterprise during the drama lesson. The term proposes a partnership whereby they operate as co-participants and co-artists in the drama experience. The ‘creating’ aspect of co-creating can be considered the artistic enterprise of making drama in a way that is new and unique to the group. In considering the teacher as a potential co-creator of drama, the paper probes the emergent and changing ontological attitudes of the participants throughout the process: the values, attitudes and perspectives that informed their teaching. The paper illuminates the phenomenon of teachers co-creating drama in all its complexity, and seeks to reflect on the meaning of this for the teachers.

From I to We: collaboration in entrepreneurship education and learning?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to ask: what effect does moving from individual to collective understandings of the entrepreneur in enterprising education have on the student’s learning? And given this shift in understanding, is there a need for a new paradigm in entrepreneurship learning?Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on ethnographic data from entrepreneurship education (EEd) at a summer school in Denmark. The purpose of the summer school was to bring the students from an awareness of their own competences to a shared understanding of resources, relationships and opportunities for becoming enterprising.FindingsDrawing on the recent developments in understanding creativity, the authors’ explore the potential for similarities between becoming an entrepreneur in collaboration with others and being creative in collaboration with others. The authors’ found that a focus on the collaborative and distributed character of entrepreneurship, as within the We-paradigm from creativity, does not exclude the importance of perceptions of individuals’ self-images as part of a course in entrepreneurship. Yet, a reformulation of these could be an entry point for richer group work and articulation of diverse group potential.Research limitations/implicationsThis study suggests that it is possible to take at least one step further in what can be achieved during an EEd course. Rather than remain a focus on individual learning and treating group work a didactics instrument, team formation processes can be used as a pedagogy/andragogy experiential tool in the classroom with its own learning outcomes, as presented and discussed above. For educators, this means that they have an additional tool to aid the complicated task of bringing EEd to students across campus. For students, this new approach means that the often dreaded and frustrating process of classroom team formation can become a positive experience of purposeful team assembly and collaboration. Two possible limitations regarding the findings of this paper can be identified: for students with extensive experience in forming teams and working in groups, taking them through this process may not have the desired effect as they may rely on habits and known mechanism without much reflection; it may be difficult to achieve the desired effect with students that know each other well before the course starts, as they may have too strong hidden agendas about who they want to work with and who they do not want to work with that this will over-power the idea/opportunity/subject-matter driven approach (Aldrich and Kim, 2007). Educators should consider if they may be subject to these limitations as this may have an effect on the use of active, opportunity-driven team formation in practise. To counter the second limitation, educators may want to consider how far into a course they want to facilitate the team formation; especially for courses running over significantly longer periods than two weeks. Future research may be able to assess the significance of these limitations.Practical implicationsThis paper explores how students experience and handle a shift from an individual to a collaborative understanding of entrepreneurship imposed on them by the novel and unique design of a course that explicitly incorporates the team formation process into the curriculum. This is undertaken to gauge the extent to which students experience this shift as fitting the actual and perceived need for shared practices in developing enterprising behaviour, and to shed light on what action/process-based EEd courses may benefit from actively including a team formation process in the course design.Social implicationsEEd may be offered for a number of reasons. New enterprises are seen as a potential source of economic wealth and for the student, this type of education offers the possibility of using their knowledge in new ways, becoming entrepreneurs or intrapreneurs. Also, from the perspective of both the higher education institution and the student, in the fast changing world in which we live, the digital mobility and multiplicity of work environments requires a workforce that possesses a range of individual competences. Such as being persistent, engaged and having good ideas, competences that are difficult to teach and hard to learn. Adding to our knowledge of how to handle these concerns, the paper points at a number of social implications of EEd.Originality/valueThe research conducted in this research paper contributes to the field of EEd by exemplifying how conceptual understandings of entrepreneurship as a collective enterprise, rather than an individual one, impact students’ understanding and experience of entrepreneurship. Furthermore, it provides a foundation for expanding research aimed at providing students with a learning experience more in line with the everyday life of an entrepreneur.

The value and role of land management at the local level in the development of local communities land

Planning of land use by land - is an integral part of the management of land use, which provides a mechanism by which decisions are coordinated among various local, regional and national authorities, and helps implement social responsibilities of public authorities in the use and protection of land and other natural resources. Today, during the implementation of the decentralization of power, much attention is given to the transition from the existing centralized approach to conventional land-use planning (conventional land use planning), which the world is seen more as a institutional approach (institutional approach) to the agreed land use planning (rarticipatory land use planning), which puts the interests of the foundation rights of economic, environmental, technological and socio-cultural conditions. Accordingly, it is important to define the relationship between the components of local governance in land development and local communities to identify the main stages of its planning, which will allow to solve social and economic problems of land use while preserving the natural ecological sustainability of land and other natural resources like land development and land use planning. It is also associated with a change in the land system ofUkraineand the transition to market land relations, which requires the transition to a new system of land use and proper planning it with the realities of today. During the 2000-2016 biennium. Ukraine has experienced an unprecedented reform of collective agricultural enterprises in market-oriented agricultural farm land for the project made it possible to dramatically increase the share of agricultural land owned by agricultural cooperatives (14.5%), limited liability companies (26.4%) and private (private rental) companies (10.4%). Nearly 405,000 farmers based on their land shares (shares) created over an area of more than 1.6 mln. Ha of farmland farms. However, after the enactment of the Land Code of Ukraine (2001) power rural town councils on order, including the management of land use, land narrowed to only settlements. This led to the decline in land management activities performed. Also, due to lack of funding work on complex land use of rational use of land and their health are not implemented. This land use agricultural land use, which functioned until 1990 was destroyed, and new forms of the rational internal build area to date has not been established. According to Art. 130 Land Code of Ukraine emptive right to purchase agricultural land are citizens ofUkraine, permanently residing in the territory of the local council, where the sale of land, as well as relevant local authorities. However, the status of territory of the local council in land law is not defined. No separation of state and municipal property without development of land management projects within the areas of village councils to streamline land farms has created a number of problems of forecasting, planning and organization of rational use and protection of land at local and economic levels, and therefore financially stable communities. Thus, the importance and role of land management at the local level in the development of local communities land use at this stage of development of land relations is growing. But it needs to speed up recovery (existing before the adoption of the Land Code of Ukraine in 2001) the powers of local communities in the sphere of land relations. Keywords. Land management, land use, site councils, land reform .

Democratic Education in the Mode of Populism

This paper seeks to bring John Dewey’s pragmatist philosophy of democratic education and the public into dialogue with Ernesto Laclau’s theory of populism. Recognizing populism as an integral aspect of democracy, rather than as its antithesis, the purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical account of populism as being of educational relevance in two respects. First, it argues that the populist logic specifies a set of formal elements by which democratic education could operate as a collective enterprise. Second, it asserts that the notion of populism supplements any congenial understanding of democratic education by bringing political demands, conflicts and affects to the fore. Finally, the paper discusses the risks and possibilities inherent in visualizing populism as an educational modus.

Post-Soviet 'Uncivil Society' and the Rise of Aleksandr Dugin: A Case Study of the Extraparliamentary Radical Right in Contemporary Russia

Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences of the University of Cambridge for the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyThis dissertation argues that, in Russia, the extreme right, in spite of its relative fail-ure to become a notable force in parliament throughout the 1990s, remains a signifi-cant social and political factor in the new century. The thesis uses the generic concepts of uncivil society, groupuscule, and right-wing Gramscianism developed in comparative fascist studies to substantiate the claim that the political potential of ultra-nationalism in a given country might be assessed in-completely by sole measurement of the electoral performance of right-radical parties. It refers to the transformation of anti-Semitism in late Imperial Germany from a party ideology into a component of national political culture as an example illustrating that stagnating or downfalling ultra-nationalist parties, sometimes, indicate not a decline of the popularity of their aims, but an infiltration of their ideas into society. The thesis reviews recent comparative research on the role of third sector actors in regime change and post-War politics in Western Europe to illustrate that a consideration of the organizational capacities, ties with the elite, and social rootedness of extremely right-wing extraparliamentary groupings might constitute an important addition for an adequate assessment of the prospects of the ultra-nationalist movement of a given country. In its second, empirical part (Chapter III), the study develops a case study in the emergence of post-Soviet uncivil society detailing the context and course of the rise, in 1988-2006, of Aleksandr Dugin’s circle of “neo-Eurasianists” from a lunatic fringe group into an influential think-tank with a notable presence in the Russian book mar-ket, intellectual discourse and mass media. Apart from showing Dugin’s increasing reach into Moscow high politics, the study, in particular, focuses on his purposeful attempts to enter Russia’s academic life and mainstream political publicism, and some successes he had in doing so. The conclusions relate the findings from the case study to recent trends within Rus-sian extremely right-wing party politics, and make some tentative suggestions on how the Russian extreme right, as a whole, as well as its scholarly study, as a collec-tive enterprise, might develop in the future.

On the right to share, the allocation of property from a collective agricultural enterprise and the disposal of them

Article deals with a number of problems related to the understanding of the right to a share through the prism of its civil law nature. Is compared the right to share in the collective agricultural enterprise with the right to a share in the charter capital of the economic society. It is proved that they are both property rights. Right to a share can be converted into the right to property when the property stands out from the collective agricultural enterprise. Person, who acquires ownership of the property, loses the right of membership in the enterprise. Recession of a member from the collective agricultural enterprise with separation of the property is carried out in proportion to his share. Separation of property to the member of the collective agricultural enterprise is not an agreement and does not create contractual relations. At the same time is similar to the time of acquisition of ownership of such property, which is the time of the transfer from the collective agricultural enterprise to its member. If at recession from the collective agricultural enterprise its member gets his real estate, then the time of acquisition of ownership to it is the state registration of this right. In the case where the recession of a member from the collective agricultural enterprise and recovering of his property is carried out before the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine On state registration of rights to immovable property and encumbrances, procedure for determining the date of acquisition of ownership of property is governed by the legislation in force at the time. There is a possibility of issuing a power of attorney to carry out actions on separation of the property from the assets of the collective agricultural enterprise with the subsequent registration of the rights to it and alienation. Ban of alienation of the property, which the alienator still does not have, is not contained in the Ukrainian legislation.

Spencer E. Young, Scholarly Community at the Early University of Paris: Theologians, Education and Society, 1215–1248. (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series 94.) Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp. x, 260. $95. ISBN: 978-1-107-03104-3.

Spencer E. Young, <i>Scholarly Community at the Early University of Paris: Theologians, Education and Society, 1215–1248</i>. (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series 94.) Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp. x, 260. $95. ISBN: 978-1-107-03104-3.

The Lama Question: Violence, Sovereignty, and Exception in Early Socialist Mongolia by Christopher Kaplonski

Reviewed by: The Lama Question: Violence, Sovereignty, and Exception in Early Socialist Mongolia by Christopher Kaplonski Christopher P. Atwood The Lama Question: Violence, Sovereignty, and Exception in Early Socialist Mongolia by Christopher Kaplonski. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2014. Pp. xvii + 259. $54.00. In The Lama Question, Christopher Kaplonski tackles one of most pivotal and sensitive questions in the modern history of independent Mongolia: how the government of one of the world’s most Buddhist countries wiped out the sangha, or Buddhist monastic community, as an institution. As Kaplonski notes, in September 1937 Mongolia had 83,203 monks resident in monasteries out of a total population of roughly 745,000. Less than a year later, only 562 were left in the monasteries. Over 40,000 had fled and laicized; 17,000 still considered themselves monks but lived in the countryside; and 5,000 joined various fledgling collective enterprises. Of the rest, almost 20,000 had been convicted of crimes and about 18,000 were executed. This crescendo of violence and the fifteen-year campaign of government pressure and intimidation that led up to it could be approached in many ways. In writing the first archivally based book on the topic in English, Kaplonski could have easily confined himself to what journalists call the “tick-tock”—who did what and when during this campaign that wiped clean the slate of Mongolia’s society and made it ready for socialism. Indeed, the archival work on which this book is based is [End Page 212] careful and accurate, and it is often enlivened by vivid vignettes and details. More so than any other offering in the still-slim bookshelf of English-language books on the revolutionary era in Mongolia, The Lama Question offers a satisfying picture of how the machinery of control, discrimination, and ultimately legal and extralegal repression actually worked from 1924 to 1938.1 In addition to providing fairly full coverage of the abundant Mongolian published literature,2 he accessed extensive archival material from the National Central Archives, the Supreme Court Archives, Party Archives, and the Foreign Ministry Archives. The contrast with Larry Moses’s Political Role of Mongol Buddhism is stark.3 Writing at the height of the Sino-Soviet Cold War and Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal’s enforcement of a regime of Brezhnev-style philistinism and conformity, Moses was unable even to do research in Mongolia and had to base his work entirely on secondary published work.4 Unfortunately, however, the archives of the Mongolian Central Intelligence Agency, the successor of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which actually carried out the purges, are still not open to researchers, a point to which I will return. But instead of just “telling the story,” Kaplonski aims to use this story to describe what he, following Giorgio Agamben, calls the “exception”—a suspension of normative and juridical powers by metajuridical authority that in fact establishes the sovereign’s power in the very act of “instituting a threshold of undecideability between the authority to suspend the law and the power to implement it” (p. 31). Ultimately, Kaplonski finds that Agamben’s conceptualization needs to be nuanced, and he offers instead of just “exception” a concept of multiple “technologies of exception” (p. 30). These technologies consist [End Page 213] of three different broadly chronological, but also overlapping, ensembles of laws and exception to laws that played out from the mid-1920s to the final denouement in 1938. The first technology, salient from 1926 to 1934, was one of nonphysical violence and accommodation. The second technology of exception, salient from 1934 to 1937, introduced class-based discriminatory and confiscatory taxation regimes. Finally, in 1937 began the third technology of exception—show trials, an extraordinary plenipotentiary commission, dehumanizing rhetoric, and mass executions. Yet, alongside it, the two earlier technologies continued, separating lamas by class and putting on regular trial lamas convicted, for example, of poisoning the people through Tibetan medicine. Through all of his story, Kaplonski underlines the fragility of the Mongolian state—the great difficulty it faced in making its normative and juridical powers seem convincing—which led paradoxically, he argues, to a sustained effort to delay as long as possible the turn to the...

A Study on Importance and Efficacy of Self Help Groups in Women Employment

“Women”; a word that reminds us our mother, sisters, wife, daughters fulfilling all their family chaos and now they can be seen in more modern roles like managers, educators, political leaders and much more is coming. Today they have even dared to break the gender barriers to become mountaineers, pilots and even serving combat roles in armed forces. In India, after independence the constitution leaders and policy makers realized the fact that, in order to develop whole country it is very important to put women in equal position to men. It was the need of the hour to make women empower economically, socially, politically, legally as well as psychologically. Education is the first and foremost way to empower them as it created awareness and enable them to take decisions.Self Help Groups (SHGs) have become the vehicle of change in the rural areas, transforming the lives of the marginalized. SHGs organize the poor and the marginalized to join hands to solve their problems and the method has been very successfully used by the government and the Non-Government Organizations in achieving several goals. As a firm or enterprise, SHG performs the role of collective bank and enterprise and ensures better access to loans with a lower rate of interest to start micro unit enterprise. SHGs have emerged as a powerful instrument in order to eliminate poverty and for the empowerment of women in the rural economy. SHGs through the network of commercial banks, co-operative banks, regional rural banks, NABARD and NGOs are largely supply driven and a recent approach in the provision of financial services to the poor and further upgrading their status in the society. In this empirical study we analyze the performance of the SHG’s in order to understand the benefits it has accrued to the females of the society. The paper here focuses on appraising the women empowerment in various fields like economical, psychological, social etc. with the help of Self Help Groups.

Socio-Ecological Adaptation of Agricultural Heritage Systems in Modern China: Three Cases in Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province

This paper, on rural restructuring in China, focuses on the ability of agricultural heritage systems to adapt to modernizing conditions in the rural economy. Since 2002, when FAO initiated the protection of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), the value of agricultural heritage has been widely acknowledged, as has the importance and urgency to protect the systems in which they are embedded. However, such complex systems have not been fully assessed for their contribution to food security, ecosystem services and cultural preservation, as well as their ability to adapt to the demands of modernization. In fact, they have not been effectively evaluated as whole systems, largely because we have not yet devised satisfactory ways of studying complex systems, nor have we been able to assess them fully for their multi-faceted contributions to sustainability. This paper accepts the premise that such systems are sustainable in that they have survived as agro-ecosystems for many hundreds of years, having endured the predations of droughts, famines, plagues, floods and wars. This ability to sustain a rich diversity of biological and human systems is considered, in the theory of Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS), to be a form of resilience, meaning that these systems have either formed a new normal or returned to the old normal after a period of environmental or social stress. In effect, ancient agricultural heritage systems can be seen to represent what has been traditional and normal in China, but which today are faced with the overwhelming forces of modernization. Taking three examples from Qingtian County in Southern China, where physical and political conditions are consistent, the paper shows how similar rice-fish systems adapt differently and sustain themselves in the face of modernization, and particularly to the loss of youth and labor to urbanisation. One system self-adjusts by using remittances from abroad to sustain the system: an example of self-organization. In another township, the pursuit of tourism is the main form of adaptation to large losses of working population and marginal incomes. To maintain the landscape as a key attraction for tourists, this community has re-assembled abandoned rice terraces and is farming them as a collective enterprise under the auspices of a co-operative: an example of land and labor restructuring that has become common as the dominant form of agrarian change in China. In a third example, the local rice-fish system is being strengthened by modern farming technology and scientific techniques: an example of technological adaptation. The discussion explores the three responses as evidence of sustainable practice involving local restructuring, continued ingenuity, and the creative support of local governments in the face of the homogenizing demands of modernization.

English

Dairy value chains link the actors and the activities involved in delivering milk and milk products from production to the final consumer. In every activity, the product increases in value from production, transportation, processing, packaging and storage. The study was designed to evaluate some hygienic practices along the value chain and develop the quality control system (CCPs) in the smallholder supply chain in Nakuru and Nyandarua County, Kenya. To assess the level using critical control points of compliance to hygienic code of practice, the questionnaires were developed and pre-tested before being administered to the selected individuals in the study. Descriptive statistics was used to depict the implementation of the code of hygienic practices in milk handling by the farmers, transporters, collection and bulking enterprises (CBEs) and the processor. Among the various aspects investigated at farm level in this study was, hand washing before milking, use of reusable udder cloth while milking, use of plastic containers in milk delivery, time taken to deliver milk, cleaning of the cow shed and awareness of the antibiotic resides in milk and its effect. The results indicated poor conformance to the hygienic code of practice along the dairy value chain in the smallholder supply system. The various factors that could contribute to raw milk quality deterioration were identified as, the critical control points (CCPs) using the hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP) principles. Seven factors were identified at five critical points along the milk collection chains. The critical control points identified includes milking at the farm level, bulking milk in a fifty liters can at collection points, transportation, at the CBE platform and the cooling tank. The quality of raw cow&rsquo;s milk produced and marketed from the study areas was low. &nbsp; Key words: Collection and bulking enterprise (CBE&rsquo;s), critical control points, hygienic practices and smallholder supply chain.

The Global Burden of Journal Peer Review in the Biomedical Literature: Strong Imbalance in the Collective Enterprise.

The growth in scientific production may threaten the capacity for the scientific community to handle the ever-increasing demand for peer review of scientific publications. There is little evidence regarding the sustainability of the peer-review system and how the scientific community copes with the burden it poses. We used mathematical modeling to estimate the overall quantitative annual demand for peer review and the supply in biomedical research. The modeling was informed by empirical data from various sources in the biomedical domain, including all articles indexed at MEDLINE. We found that for 2015, across a range of scenarios, the supply exceeded by 15% to 249% the demand for reviewers and reviews. However, 20% of the researchers performed 69% to 94% of the reviews. Among researchers actually contributing to peer review, 70% dedicated 1% or less of their research work-time to peer review while 5% dedicated 13% or more of it. An estimated 63.4 million hours were devoted to peer review in 2015, among which 18.9 million hours were provided by the top 5% contributing reviewers. Our results support that the system is sustainable in terms of volume but emphasizes a considerable imbalance in the distribution of the peer-review effort across the scientific community. Finally, various individual interactions between authors, editors and reviewers may reduce to some extent the number of reviewers who are available to editors at any point.

A Note on Causation, Logical Implication, and the Ordering of Variables in Equations

Changkeun Kim (2016) reiterates his charge that there is circular reasoning in Freeman and Kliman’s definition of the Monetary Expression of Labour Time (MELT). Kim also charges that the Temporal Single System Interpretation (TSSI) of Marx’s value theory does not yield falsifiable conclusions, because it does not predict prices. Both charges depend logically on an erroneous claim about what an arithmetic equation consists of. Kim holds that an equation necessarily implies a causal relation by virtue of the order in which it is written. This is not so. The order in which an equation is written tells us nothing about the causal relations between the variables in it, and such an interpretation of the meaning of an equation contradicts the literature on the subject. Both charges therefore fall once this claim is recognised to be erroneous. In fact, causal explanations must come from outside the equation system. We show that both the MELT and market prices are necessarily indeterminate within the TSSI since it is an interpretation of Marx’s value theory to which the determination of market prices and the MELT are external. We briefly examine Kim’s derivation of the relation between the gold MELT and the actual currency MELT and show that the latter, in his own theory, is indeterminate. Thus, his own theory of the MELT is subject to exactly the same criticism that he levels at ours, proving that within the value equations, the MELT is necessarily indeterminate. The way forward is to cease the attempt to discredit legitimate theories of the MELT, especially that of the TSSI, by purely logical means. Instead, writers should concentrate on studying and theorising the real phenomena of capitalist monetary dynamics on the foundation of Marx’s value theory, on which there is now substantial potential agreement. We argue that the TSSI of this theory constitutes the best currently available foundation for this collective enterprise.

Aligning Aspirations with Inspirations: Address of the 2015-2016 President to the Opening General Session at the AACP Annual Meeting

Colleagues. Welcome to the 2016 AACP Annual Meeting. We have literally gone coast to coast since we last met in Maryland in 2015. It has been quite a remarkable year for the Association. My goal is to provide perspective on our work over the past year, and I will have a little time at the second general session for a lighter reflection on lessons learned and expressions of appreciation. There are four primary opportunities at the Annual Meeting to hear about the major initiatives of the Association including this address, the President-elect's address and the Treasurer's report at the first House of Delegates, and the CEO's report at the second House session. I encourage you to attend both House of Delegates sessions. At National Harbor in 2015, I had explained my focus on Capitalizing on Foundations in Citizenship. (1) I almost took past president Cindy Raehl's approach to create no new charges, but instead decided to focus on timely, foundational areas for AACP. By capitalizing, we are building long-term assets, and we gain by turning pharmacy education into an advantage as we prepare pharmacists and scholars for the future, leveraging all our stakeholders. Our AACP foundation stands on our values, principles, and collective enterprise. We support our new proposed mission to advance pharmacy education, research, scholarship, practice and service, in partnership with members and stakeholders, to improve health for all. I think of citizenship in the broadest manner. A citizen is a member of a community. We may be citizens of our country, but we are also citizens of our schools, our profession, and our organizations. A citizen belongs and is vested with privileges and duties. We are called to action where we live, work, volunteer, and vote especially this election year. Here is a recent example of AACP citizenship. Last fall, the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) announced its commitment to address opioid abuse and heroin use. AACP needed a specific statement of educational policy to support our communications with ONDCP. AACP staff developed three statements of commitment with comments from the Pharmacy Practice Section and the Substance Abuse Education and Assistance and Public Health Special Interest Groups. The AACP Board of Directors took the unusual step to approve the policy in February, with a vote at the upcoming House of Delegates as required in the bylaws. AACP is taking an active role in supporting this initiative with approximately 100 schools/colleges and counting stepping up for the local efforts. We capitalized on our network, supported by the work of volunteers and partners, to engage as citizens in our communities. On the screens you will see a photo from opioid response training at my school in May where I was certified along with many students. I care about this because I remain convinced that my husband John, a Navy veteran with disabilities, died from an untended opioid overdose as he sought help and care through Veterans Affairs and local providers. It looks like disaster training, because it is. And we need to be prepared. One of my favorite memories of my presidential year was the Standing Committees and Board of Directors meetings last November in Toronto. We were in Canada because Toronto is recruiting AACP for a future annual meeting. After reviewing the lists of AACP committee volunteers and working extensively with staff on assignments and letters of acceptance, I was delighted to see the talented, enthusiastic committee members in person as they began their important work. As I rotated among the meeting rooms, I knew their dedication would pay dividends to AACP. President-elect Joseph DiPiro and the Strategic Planning Committee have met the challenge to draft a bold and aspirational strategic plan which will be voted upon by the House of Delegates at its second session. The committee also created a refined mission and vision to guide and inspire us. …

Διαφυλάσσοντας την τιμή τής δικαιοσύνης: η μισθολογική μεταχείριση των δικαστικών λειτουργών (The Constitutional Principle Regarding the Emoluments of the Judiciary under the Greek Constitution: An Exercise in Institutional Interaction between the Legislature and the Judiciary)

Greek Abstract: Η παρούσα μeλέτη θα eπιχeιρήσeι να eξeτάσeι το θeτικό και δικαιοπολιτικό πeριeχόμeνο της διάταξης που διαλαμβάνeι για τη μισθολογική μeταχeίριση των δικαστικών λeιτουργών, μέσα από το πρίσμα τής νομοθeτικής και δικαστικής πρακτικής. Αρχικά θα eξeταστeί η γeνική προβληματική που συνιστά το μeθοδολογικό θeμέλιο για την ικανοποίηση των μισθολογικών αξιώσeων των δικαστικών λeιτουργών, δηλαδή η αρχή τής ισότητας, και θα μeλeτηθeί η eφαρμογή της από τη δικαιοσύνη. Ακολούθως, θα αναλυθeί και θα αξιολογηθeί η νομολογιακή αξιοποίηση του eργαλeίου τής αρχής τής ισότητας για τον προσδιορισμό τής προσήκουσας αμοιβής των δικαστών, και στη συνέχeια θα eξeταστeί και θα αποτιμηθeί η αξία τής νομοθeτικής παρέμβασης που eπιχeιρήθηκe στη συνταγματική αρχιτeκτονική eις απάντηση της προγeνέστeρης νομολογίας. Μe την παρούσα μeλέτη θα αποπeιραθeί να υποστηριχτeί η θέση ότι ο προσδιορισμός τής προσήκουσας μισθολογικής μeταχeίρισης των δικαστών προϋποθέτeι μια eλάχιστη συναίνeση των πολιτeιακών οργάνων ως προς τη θέση κάθe eξουσίας στο πολίτeυμα. English Abstract: This paper addresses the constitutional principle that the Greek judiciary receive emolument corresponding to their function from a doctrinal and normative viewpoint. The establishment of the appropriate remuneration of judges has been traditionally founded on the legal principle of equality among the three branches of government: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The paper departs from this basis, analysing the doctrinal and substantive implications stemming from the use of the principle of equality in the context of an institutional system of checks and balances under the Greek constitution. It then assesses the use of this principle in judicial practice and evaluates the legislative reforms introduced as reaction to the latter. While not aiming to establish the content of the principle itself, this paper uses it as case study to demonstrate how the interaction between the legislature and the judiciary shapes the content of constitutional principles. In manifesting the deficiencies arising from an instance of hostile and retributive interaction between the two branches of government, this paper illustrates the importance of institutional cooperation in the collective enterprise of governing.

Vallier, Kevin. Liberal Politics and Public Faith: Beyond Separation.New York: Routledge, 2014. Pp. 286. $145.00 (cloth).

Vallier, Kevin. <i>Liberal Politics and Public Faith: Beyond Separation</i>.New York: Routledge, 2014. Pp. 286. $145.00 (cloth).

IMPROVING THE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR COLLECTIVE ENTERPRISE

Goal. The article is devoted to the improvement of the personnel management practices across the enterprise. The author studies the aim of his research has put forward the development of Recommendations made by the social and psychological improvement of activities in the field of production management team. Method and methodology of work. Theoretical and methodological bases of research: theory of social collectivity, pressure concept in group theory of team unity. The methods of research are: the poll workers of enterprises, analysis of personnel management documents in the enterprise. Results. Analyzed the personnel management system in the enterprise, justified social and psychological conditions and defined forms and methods of social and psychological support professionals to manage production collective enterprise. The recommendations of experts on social and psychological improvement of activities in the field of production management team. Application results. The research results can be applied in the field of collective management in the enterprise.

Research and analysis of the tensile strength quality of the sod in lawn grass stands during landscape design of collective farm enterprises

Studies on evaluating the tensile strength quality of the sod of single-specific and mixed lawn crops have been carried out on sod–podzolic soils in the Ryazan oblast. An evaluation is given for the tensile strength quality of sod in lawn herbage crops over the period of 3 study years. The highest sod tensile strength was recorded in single-specific crops, namely, in creeping red fescue, red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and stolon-forming bentgrass; among mixed crops, the highest sod tensile strength was found in the three-component (creeping red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and stolon-forming bentgrass) and four-component (stolon-forming bentgrass, red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and creeping red fescue) herbage mixture. The lowest tensile strength of the sod was recorded in perennial ryegrass and three-component mixtures (creeping red fescue, sheep fescue, and perennial ryegrass).