Collective Efficacy Research Articles

Experimental Assessment of Egg Mat Gear Retention and Collection Efficacy

Abstract Assessment of egg deposition is a method widely used to provide an index of spawning efforts for lithophilic spawning fishes; however, little is known about the collection efficacy and bias of fish egg collection methods. We conducted a two-phase study consisting of a simulated-river flume study (two-part design) and a field study (an egg drift comparison with capture on mats) to assess egg collection methods and evaluate egg retention and capture on egg mats. Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis egg retention on seeded mats decreased with increasing velocity, and Walleye Sander vitreus egg retention was variable as velocity increased. We collected fewer Lake Whitefish eggs on egg mats when limestone reef rock was present in the flume study during the simulated spawned trials, but the inverse was true for Walleye. Similarly, during field collections we collected more Lake Whitefish eggs in benthic D-shaped frame (D-frame) drift nets set near a known spawning reef compared with egg mats set on the reef, indicating that Lake Whitefish eggs drifted downstream along the river bottom. By contrast, we observed fewer Walleye eggs in D-frame drift nets than number of eggs captured on the egg mats. Therefore, egg mats are an informative tool for evaluating Walleye egg deposition in an immediate area, but may underestimate egg deposition of Lake Whitefish, especially in lotic systems. Compared with other egg collection methods described in the current literature, our study indicates that egg mats are useful for assessing egg deposition by lithophilic spawning fishes but that the collection and retention efficacy and bias of this gear may vary between species and habitat types.

Entrepreneurial collective efficacy and team effectiveness in new venture teams: an investigation of moderated mediation mechanisms

Purpose Based on the collective agentic perspective of social cognitive theory and supplemented by social support theory, this study aims to investigate how the entrepreneurial collective efficacy of entrepreneurial teams impacts team effectiveness. Specifically, this study hypothesizes that entrepreneurial collective efficacy is a critical factor affecting effectiveness through the mechanism of instrumental support to varying extents, depending on team size. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses were tested on a Chinese sample of new venture teams (N teams = 81; N individuals = 335). A multisource questionnaire that included questions for team leaders and other team decision makers was designed. The data on entrepreneurial collective efficacy (six items) and instrumental support (four items) comprised the aggregate responses from all team members; the data on team effectiveness (seven items) was reported by team leaders. Findings The findings indicate that entrepreneurial collective efficacy is positively associated with team effectiveness through instrumental support, especially in small teams. Originality/value This study makes important contributions to the research related to exploring in uncertain environments (entrepreneurship) how (instrumental support) entrepreneurial collective efficacy impacts team effectiveness, as well as more particularly under what conditions (team size), all within the specific context of collectivistic cultures (China).

The effect of a collective competence intervention on collective efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing: a quasi-experimental study of a sample of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 crisis.

The health crisis associated with COVID-19 led to a period of increased demand on the operational and social organization of healthcare centers, which often had a negative impact on the psychological and social wellbeing of healthcare workers. In order to tackle this issue, an intervention plan was designed to develop collective competences through various participatory strategies. This study sought to determine the effect of this intervention on the variables collective efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing in healthcare workers by performing a pretest and posttest comparison with a control group. The variables were evaluated using a non-probability, purposive sample of 80 healthcare workers from three Family Healthcare Centers (CESFAM) located in the Coquimbo Region, Chile, within health crisis context. The intervention group was composed of voluntary participants, while the control group only completed the evaluations. The intervention consisted in 6 training workshops focused on improving collective management, group synergy, collaborative problem-solving, communicative strategies, and overall team care. The analysis shows that the collective competence intervention had a positive effect on the collective efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and social wellbeing of the participating healthcare workers during the COVID-19 crisis. Only specific factors of these variables did not undergo a significant impact. The results of this study suggest that interventions aimed at improving collective organizational competences, apart from increasing collective efficacy, can have a positive impact on healthcare workers' psychological and social wellbeing in a context of occupational adversity.

Organizational resilience and transformational leadership for managing complex school systems

IntroductionIn the context of global challenges facing educational institutions, this study explores the dynamics between transformational leadership, collective teacher efficacy, and organizational resilience in school systems. Specifically, it examines the mediating role of collective teacher efficacy in the relationship between middle leaders’ transformational leadership and organizational resilience.MethodsThe study involved data collection from 103 middle-leaders and 506 randomly selected secondary school teachers across Israel. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data, focusing on the mediating role of collective teacher efficacy in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational resilience.ResultsThe analysis revealed that collective teacher efficacy fully mediates the relationship between middle-leaders’ transformational leadership and organizational resilience. Middle-leaders’ transformational leadership positively impacts collective teacher efficacy, which in turn enhances organizational resilience. The study’s findings suggest that educational institutions can significantly increase their organizational resilience by fostering transformational leadership and strengthening collective teacher efficacy.DiscussionThe implications of these findings are both theoretical and practical. Theoretically, the study expands the understanding of the interplay between leadership styles and organizational resilience in educational settings. Practically, it provides insights for educational policymakers and practitioners aiming to enhance the resilience of schools by promoting transformational leadership and collective teacher efficacy.

Multisystemic factors predicting street migration of children in Kenya: A multilevel longitudinal study of families and villages

BackgroundStreet-migration of children is a global problem with sparse multi-level or longitudinal data. Such data are required to inform robust street-migration prevention efforts. ObjectiveThis study analyzes longitudinal cohort data to identify factors predicting street-migration of children – at caregiver- and village-levels. Participants and settingKenyan adult respondents (n = 575; 20 villages) actively participated in a community-based intervention, seeking to improve factors previously identified as contributing to street-migration by children. MethodsAt two time points, respondents reported street-migration of children, and variables across economic, social, psychological, mental, parenting, and childhood experience domains. Primary study outcome was newly reported street-migration of children at T2 “incident street-migration”, compared to households that reported no street-migration at T1 or T2.For caregiver-level analyses, we assessed bivariate significance between variables (T1) and incident street-migration. Variables with significant bivariate associations were included in a hierarchical logistical regression model.For community-level analyses, we calculated the average values of variables at the village-level, after excluding values from respondents who indicated an incident street-migration case to reduce potential outlier influence. We then compared variables between the 5 villages with the highest incidence to the 15 villages with fewer incident cases. ResultsIn regression analyses, caregiver childhood experiences, psychological factors and parenting behaviors predicted future street-migration. Lower village-aggregated depression and higher village-aggregated collective efficacy and social curiosity appeared significantly protective. ConclusionsWhile parenting and economic strengthening approaches may be helpful, efforts to prevent street migration by children should also strengthen community-level mental health, collective efficacy, and communal harmony.

Auxiliary collector optimizing foam characteristic and adsorption behavior towards efficient flotation desilication of bauxite

The desiliconization of bauxite through flotation poses challenges due to the limitations of conventional collectors like oleic acid. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore more selective alternatives to enhance efficiency. In this study, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SLS), and benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) are explored as auxiliary collectors with sodium oleate (NaOL) to enhance its efficiency and selectivity. Bench-scale tests reveal that combined collectors exhibit superior flotation efficiency and concentrate quality compared to NaOL alone, both in laboratory settings and actual bauxite ores. Detailed mechanistic insights are provided from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Macroscopic analyses uncover differences in foam and pulp properties among the combined collectors, indicating that the NaOL + BHA system offers moderate foaming performance, stability, and homogeneity, enhancing collection efficacy and selectivity. Microscopic investigations elucidate the adsorption mechanism between combined anionic collectors and mineral surfaces using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). QCM-D analysis shows that SDS, SLS, and BHA weaken NaOL adsorption on kaolinite surfaces and accelerate reagent desorption, with BHA having the most significant effect. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing bauxite flotation processes with improved efficiency and selectivity.

Promoting collective precycling behavior: results from a group intervention with Berlin households in Germany.

To tackle the global waste crisis, there is an urgent need for decisive and joint action at multiple levels. The collective behavior of a community could make a significant contribution. This paper presents the results of a field experiment designed to promote packaging waste prevention - called precycling - in a newly formed community setting, in Berlin, Germany. The aim was to examine the effect of the intervention on precycling and to examine the underlying social identity processes. Over a four-week period, 132 participants from 96 different households digitally received a combination of different interventions, that were theoretically informed by the Social Identity Model of Pro-Environmental Action (SIMPEA). Households were assigned to two intervention groups and a waiting control group. Data was collected before, immediately after and four months after the intervention to assess the impact of the intervention using multilevel models. After the intervention, the overall precycling behavior increased significantly, but not as a result of the different group conditions. In the more comprehensive intervention group, which included social interaction and behavioral experimentation, the community identification was strengthened and the reuse behavior, as a subset of precycling, increased. While a number of social identity processes (collective efficacy beliefs, having a precycling action goal, crisis appraisal, and sufficiency attitudes) were found to positively predict the precycling behavior, surprisingly, the predictive power of social norms and ingroup identification could not be confirmed. Overall, the presented community intervention promoted precycling. However, in this dynamic real-world setting, not all intervention elements worked as expected. The pitfalls and opportunities of this intervention are discussed, and ideas for translating the results into everyday precycling activities are presented.

Team trust as a predictor of collective efficacy in female rugby players

According to Bandura’s (1997) social cognitive theory, “the higher the sense of collective efficacy, the better the team performance”. Bandura also states that collective efficacy is greater than the sum of its individual self-efficacies due to it being influenced by other cognitive factors, including trust (1986, 1997, J Cog Psychother, 13, 158-166). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of team trust on the construct of collective efficacy within a sport context. It is proposed that team trust is an important cognitive factor that may precede the relationship between collective efficacy and group performance. With institute ethical approval (BREO:33249-A-Nov/2023-47988-1), 21 female college rugby players voluntarily completed the four factor Team Trust Scale (Costa & Anderson, 2011. Eur J Work Org Psych, 20, 119-154) and the five factor Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sport (Short, Sullivan. & Feltz, 2005, Meas Phys Ed Ex Sci, 9, 181-202) to measure the correlation between levels of team trust and collective efficacy and determine if team trust is indeed a valid predictor of collective efficacy. Linear regression analyses were conducted and correlation coefficients calculated using Pearson’s correlation. It was predicted that a positive correlation would be shown between the two constructs and that team trust is a significant predictor of collective efficacy. Assuming a positive hypothesis, the study recommends that rugby teams and interdependent sport teams, generally, should develop a high-quality environment of trust both on and off the pitch, given its relationship with collective efficacy and subsequent impact on performance. Relatively little research has been carried out into the effect of intrateam trust within sport and, therefore, this study serves to widen the exploration of this construct and its impact on other social constructs such as collective efficacy and their impact on team performance.

Modal Sosial Etnis Tionghoa Dalam Perekonomian Di Masyarakat

This article discusses the analysis of social capital of the Chinese ethnic group in the economy of Indonesian society, referring to the social capital theory of Robert D. Putnam. Social capital, which includes social networks, trust, and collective efficacy, plays a significant role in the economic success of the Chinese community in Indonesia. Through case studies and theoretical analysis, this article highlights how strong social networks, reputation, and credibility assist the Chinese community in sustaining their businesses and adapting to economic and social changes.

Leadership development in virtual communities of practice: The case of school principals from the GCC Region

AbstractThis study explores the potential of virtual communities of practice (vCoPs) in fostering leadership growth that aligns with the diverse needs and challenges faced by school principals. The study employs a qualitative research design, and conducts semi-structured interviews with 16 school principals from K-12 schools belonging to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Findings suggest that vCoPs offer a rich environment for school principals to engage in collaborative learning, knowledge sharing, and professional networking, all of which contribute to their differentiated leadership development. Findings suggest that vCoPs offer flexible personalized learning paths that can support instructional, digital, and distributed leadership development of school principals. This advancement is made possible by creating a supportive and secure environment that is fortified by resilience, group cohesion, and robust feedback mechanisms. Additionally, vCoPs contribute to leadership development by fostering collective efficacy, cultivating shared beliefs in driving positive change, and disseminating these principles throughout the educational leadership community via social influence.

Effects of socioscientific issues-based teaching on attitudes: Students’ resources as moderator

Engagement with socioscientific issues (SSI) is seen as an important citizenship goal of SSI-based science education. In this experimental study, Dutch students (age 8 to 13) participated in lesson series in which they learned about and discussed SSI, such as issues related to the textile industry and wastewater. Attitudes toward SSI indicating engagement were measured among relatively large experimental (n = 236) and control (n = 192) groups prior to and after the intervention. Multilevel analyses showed a positive effect of SSI-based teaching on collective efficacy and no effects on the other seven attitude components. Furthermore, we investigated whether the effects depended on students’ SSI-related resources. Students’ profiles for use of sources of knowledge (USK) moderated the effect of condition on self-efficacy and—depending on analysis type—on personal relevance, positive feelings, and collective efficacy. The positive impact occurred mainly for students with low USK. We discuss implications thereof for SSI education.

Collective teacher efficacy and turnover intentions in Turkish high schools: Mediating role of organizational commitment

Teacher continuity is one of the prerequisites for a school to fulfill expected organizational roles. Various organizational problems, notably low academic achievement, are observed at schools where personnel turnover is high. Therefore, it is necessary to disclose the teachers' turnover intention drivers. Though they are limited in number, previous studies have revealed that collective teacher efficacy is one of the critical factors influencing turnover intention. However, researchers have yet to focus on the holistic effects of collective teacher efficacy and organizational commitment on turnover intention. Therefore, the current study aims to test the innovative model developed to explore the direct and indirect relations among collective teacher efficacy, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. The data were collected from 607 teachers working in public high schools in 12 different regions of Turkey using a stratified sampling technique. The collective teacher efficacy, organizational commitment, and turnover intention scales were used as data collection tools. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. As a result of the analyses, it was found that collective teacher efficacy was negatively related to teachers' turnover intentions. The results of the analysis confirm that organizational commitment is an essential mediator between collective teacher efficacy and turnover intention. Strengthening collective teacher efficacy in schools is vital to reduce teachers' turnover intentions. In addition, increasing organizational commitment will positively reduce teachers' turnover intentions. The current study is expected to contribute to research focusing on the effects of collective teacher efficacy on teachers' turnover intentions.

내집단 동일시 차원이 친환경 행동의도에 미치는 영향 :집단효능감의 매개효과

내집단 동일시 차원이 친환경 행동의도에 미치는 영향 :집단효능감의 매개효과

‘When it floods, we work on our own’: Exploring factors influencing collective efficacy appraisals for community‐level flood measures among urban informal settlements in Suva, Fiji

AbstractMore than one billion people worldwide are living in urban informal settlements where flood risks are high. Positive collective efficacy beliefs can facilitate community‐level adaptive action. This sub‐study of the Revitalizing Informal Settlements and their Environments (RISE) trial, aimed to identify social and contextual factors influencing residents' collective efficacy appraisals about their settlement's ability to implement community‐level flood prevention, protection and response measures. Forty‐two in‐depth interviews were conducted in 10 settlements in Suva, Fiji using a photovoice methodology. Thematic analysis was used to elicit key themes, which were then interpreted and contextualized collaboratively with the local field team. The most salient influencing factors were formal leadership, shared needs or benefits, collective identity (whether via shared religion, ethnicity or regional/kinship group), past performance experiences and expectations around collective action. While the data revealed some between‐settlement variation on these factors, there was also a large degree of within‐settlement variation concerning perceptions of these factors. Community‐based flood programming should not be undertaken without first assessing the degree to which participants believe that programme objectives reflect shared needs or will yield shared benefits and whether those objectives warrant collective action according to the community's social expectations for participation and contribution.

Affirming healthcare encounters catalyze psychological empowerment to drive HIV testing among SGM youth in Florida

Psychological empowerment (PE) reliably drives HIV-prevention self-efficacy among sexually and gender-minoritized (SGM) young people, who endure housing precarity, and rely on criminalized labor, disproportionately. Using needs assessment data gathered from May–December 2021, we tested associations between criminalized income reliance, unhoused/unsafe housing status, and components of PE with lifetime HIV testing among a cross-sectional sample of SGM youth across Florida (N = 454, aged 15–29), using measures codesigned with local youth advocates. In adjusted multivariable models, intrapersonal PE (aOR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.55, 3.32; p < 0.001), and interactional PE, operationalized via open, receptive interactions with affirming healthcare providers (aOR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.12, 3.43; p = 0.019), were positively predictive of lifetime HIV testing. Interactions with criminalized labor and housing precarity were null. Marginal effects analyses suggested a catalytic effect of intrapersonal and interactional PE, and of multisexuality, as potential drivers of HIV testing uptake. The positive associations between HIV testing, affirming clinical encounters, and intrapersonal empowerment points to key untapped determinants of preventive-service uptake among young people failed by current service delivery models in Florida. Future research should distinguish precise mechanisms by which collective sociopolitical efficacy might facilitate HIV testing.

From Class Assignment to Organizing Your Neighborhood: One MSW Student’s Journey

ABSTRACT This article documents how an MSW student in an introductory community practice course took her class assignment and over the course of two years revitalized, democratized, and transformed a sclerotic, corporate-run Home Owners Association (HOA). While the community analysis assignment required the student to interview six of her neighbors, the resulting increase in social capital in the neighborhood led, over the next two years, to the student being elected President of the HOA and organizing the community to win streetlights, clean up a polluted retention pond, create positive relations with city officials, and increase the social capital and collective efficacy of the neighborhood.

Parental Migration and Fear of Crime Among Left-Behind Children in Rural China

Utilizing a probability sample of 1,985 middle school students from Guizhou Province, China, this study aims to explore the association between different patterns of parental migration and fear of crime among adolescents in rural China. Nested OLS regression analyses revealed that compared to adolescents who live with both parents, adolescents experiencing dual-parent migration reported a heightened fear of crime. However, adolescents with only their mother or father migrating did not exhibit any difference in fear of crime compared to those who lived with their parents. Being female, younger, having experienced crime victimization, perceiving greater family economic pressure, and perceiving greater neighborhood disorder and weaker collective efficacy also elevated crime fear. Findings from this study highlight the acute vulnerability of adolescents experiencing dual-parent migration and urge more targeted social support for this group.

Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Role of Efficacy Beliefs

Efficacy beliefs are important determinants of human behavior. In the context of social cognitive theory, the perception of collective efficacy is closely related to the individual perception of self-efficacy, which is influenced by socio-structural factors such as socioeconomic status (SES). Surprisingly, the relationship between these variables has received little attention in the literature on environmental issues. Within the framework of social cognitive theory, the aim of this study was to investigate whether SES has a direct effect on pro-environmental behavior and whether it has an indirect effect via perceptions of self-efficacy and collective efficacy, in relation to climate change mitigation behavior. An online cross-sectional study was conducted using a quota sample of 1075 participants (51.9% women) aged 18–79 years. Participants reported their SES using objective and subjective measures, perceptions of their own and collective efficacy in mitigating climate change, and the frequency of their pro-environmental behaviors. Structural equation modeling revealed that the model with serial mediation effects of self-efficacy and collective efficacy between SES (both objective and subjective) and pro-environmental behaviors showed a good model fit. As expected, both objective and subjective SES had no direct effect on pro-environmental behavior. Surprisingly, neither objective nor subjective SES had an indirect effect (via efficacy beliefs) on pro-environmental behavior. However, both self-efficacy and collective efficacy were associated with pro-environmental behavior. These findings have practical implications for the development of strategies aimed at enhancing pro-environmental behavior.

"Fuck tha Police": "Conscious" hip-hop increases Black people's group-based anger and collective action intentions.

Historically, hip-hop has highlighted racial injustices experienced by Black people in a White supremacist power structure, as well as promote Black empowerment and activism. Across two experiments, we examined the influence of listening to hip-hop on Black Americans' collective action intentions. We also explored whether the effect of listening to conscious hip-hop on collective action intentions was mediated by group-based anger and/or collective efficacy using the dual-pathway model of collection action (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, Black Americans (n = 122) between the ages of 18- and 34 (Mage = 27.71) were randomly assigned to listen to conscious rap, nonconscious rap, or no music, and afterward they completed a collective action intention measure. In Experiment 2, Black Americans (n = 150; Mage = 26.52) were randomly assigned to listen to conscious rap or nonconscious rap and afterward completed group-based anger, collective efficacy, and collective action intention measures. We found that listening to conscious hip-hop (but not nonconscious hip-hop) increased Black people's intentions to engage in collective action (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, we found that group-based anger, but not collective efficacy, fully mediated the relationship between listening to conscious hip-hop music and collective action. Exposure to some forms of artistic expression may influence emotion focused pathways of dealing with collective disadvantage among groups who are historically disadvantaged. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The role of moral disengagement and classroom collective efficacy in social support and bystander behavior of elementary school students: A multilevel moderated mediation analysis.

Few studies have examined the process of the relationship between social support and bystander behavior, and previous research has primarily focused on individual- or group-level correlates of bystander behavior without a full understanding of these correlates and their interactions. To address this research gap, the present study examined whether social support and moral disengagement at the individual level, as well as collective efficacy at the classroom level, were associated with bystander behavior in school bullying situations. Questionnaires were administered to 1,310 elementary school students in Grades 4-6 (Mage = 10.97 ± 0.98 years) from 61 classes in the Zhejiang Province of China. Multilevel moderated mediation analyses revealed that higher levels of social support were directly related to more defender behavior and less reinforcer and outsider behavior, and social support was also related to bystander behavior through the indirect role of moral disengagement. In classrooms with higher levels of collective efficacy to stop peer bullying, students tended to show more defender behavior and less outsider behavior. Higher levels of classroom collective efficacy did not moderate the relationship between moral disengagement and defender behavior, although it did inhibit the reinforcer and outsider behaviors of those with high levels of moral disengagement. This study sheds light on the relationship between multiple factors and bystander behavior at both the individual and classroom levels and contributes to the understanding of school bullying in the context of peer group interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).