Collective density fluctuations in $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$ gas at 456 atm pressure and 295 K have been studied by thermal neutron scattering using time-of-flight techniques. Well-defined collective modes are observed for wave-vector transfers $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.1$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ which become strongly damped at larger $k$. The data have been compared in detail with predictions of the generalized Enskog equation. Although extrapolation of the predictions to $k=0$ gives the correct transport coefficients to better than 5% accuracy, the generalized Enskog equation does not properly predict the wave-vector dependence of the scattering law.