Collective Assets Research Articles

Optimal energy management of cooperative energy communities considering flexible demand, storage and vehicle-to-grid under uncertainties

• Developing a new stochastic-interval model for energy management in communities. • The developed model considers controllable demand, vehicle-to-grid and energy storage. • The developed model allows to adopt pessimistic or optimistic strategies. • Obtained results reveal the benefits on gathering prosumers on communities. • Community operation reduces the energy that must be acquired from the grid. With the advent of smart cities, residential consumers have evolved towards the concept of prosumers. This paradigm calls for new businesses like energy communities. Energy management of such frameworks is essential to maximize the collective welfare. This paper addresses this issue by developing an energy management framework that accounts for flexible demand, storage devices and electric vehicles. Its two-level structure allows to address the energy exchanging among prosumers in the 1st stage, while the 2nd stage focuses on optimally schedule the different collective assets. A novel stochastic-interval model is proposed to handle with uncertainties from demand, renewable generation, vehicles’ behaviour and energy pricing. A case study is performed on a six-prosumer community. Results serve to validate the new tool and analyse the importance of smart devices. In addition, the new proposal allows to adopt different operating strategies. Actually, the total operating cost may increase by 90% if a pessimistic point of view is adopted while the importance of the vehicle-to-grid capability is marginal otherwise. Furthermore, the energy purchased could be reduced by 7% when adopting a community arrangement, supposing an improvement in the economy and environmental indicators of the network. Other relevant aspects are identified and discussed in depth.

The value of fiduciary duties: Evidence from en bloc sales in Singapore

This paper examines the impact of fiduciary duties on collective asset sales in the case of owners acting as delegates for other owners, thereby potentially inducing conflicts of interests. Our identification strategy exploits a unique legal shock in Singapore, which established fiduciary duties in those transactions in the real estate market known colloquially as en bloc sales. The imposition of fiduciary duties caused the price premium of units sold via en bloc sales to increase over units ineligible for en bloc sale, as well as over units that, although eligible for en bloc sale, are sold individually. In addition, this valuation effect is stronger for projects with especially severe agency problems as proxied by high ownership turnover. This legal reform also affects the general private housing market beyond the en bloc premium: findings show that residential owners are increasingly willing to participate and reduce condominium turnover. Finally, we find that the stock price of public real estate developers responded positively to the legal reform, which indicates a possible overall positive welfare effect. Our study highlights the importance of judicial oversight for addressing agency conflicts in non-consensual asset-sale mechanisms.

A Fair Method for Distributing Collective Assets in the Stellar Blockchain Financial Network

One of the most popular platforms in token-based banking is the flexible Stellar platform. The wide range of Stellar’s features allows companies to use it in modern cryptocurrency and token-based banking. This network charges a fee for each transaction. A percentage of the net amount is generated as the inflation rate of the network due to the increased number of tokens. These fees and inflationary amounts are aggregated into a general account and ultimately distributed among the network members on a collective-vote basis. In this mechanism, network users select an account as the destination to which they wish to transfer assets using their user interface, generally a wallet. This account could be the account of charities that need this help. The target distribution network is then determined based on the voting results of all members. One of the challenges in this network is the targeted and fair distribution of these funds between accounts. In this paper, the first step is a complete infrastructure of a Stellar financial network that will consist of three network-based segments of the core network, an off-chain server, and a wallet interface. In the second step, a context-aware recommendation system is implemented to solve the targeted management of payroll account selection. The results of this study concerning the importance of the targeted division of collective assets show a context-aware recommendation system as a solution to improve the process of Stellar users’ participation in the voting process.

Health Promoter’s Role in School Settings in African Francophone Countries

The aim of this study is to describe the context, resources and procedures for planning/implementing health promotion initiatives targeting the children and youth population in African Francophone countries. The method of work used multiple case studies with an online survey ( n = 11) and individual interviews ( n = 6) (2017–2018). Strategies to mobilize/use community’s available resources and assets were influenced by gender and professional status, as well as the stakeholder’s valorization and degree of community interest and engagement in the proposed health promotion initiatives. Major social impacts relate to the support provided by the community stakeholders with individual and collective assets. Evidence uncovered professional networking, collaboration and exchange that could help regional health promoters.

Zakat for Business Entity According to Fiqh and Positive Law in Indonesia

This paper discusses zakat for business entity, which still require refinement of the concept if it is to be applied in Indonesia. Even though contemporary scholars have made it mandatory, an explanation is still needed regardingcriteria, calculation of nisab, awl, levels, procedures, including sanctions. This article uses qualitative data obtained through relevant literature sources. This article shows that there are differences in the views of scholars in viewing the obligatory zakat in this business association. Hanafiyah scholars are of the opinion that zakat on business entities assets is issued not in the name of the business entity, but on behalf of the owner of the property in the union, so that there may be business entity members who are subject to obligations and some are not because they do not meet the individual hawl and nisab standards. In the opinion of the syafi'iyah scholars, the benchmark is the business union, so that when the collective assets have reached the nisab, the zakat must be issued, even though if it is separated based on the rights of each individual there are still those who have not reached the minimum obligatory zakat.

PASEMAYAN PAWIWAHAN DALAM PERKAWINAN HUKUM ADAT BALI

<p><em>Marriage in Balinese customary law is known as pawiwahan or wiwaha. Marriage in national law is regulated in Law Number 1 of 1974. The biggest problem in marriage is divorce which ends in conflict over property, both congenital and collective assets. Preventive action to prevent the above problems is by making a marriage agreement. This research focuses on normative legal research type that puts emphasis on the vagueness of norms in the marriage law regarding marriage agreements and explores more clearly the form and content of the marriage agreement in Balinese customary law. The result of this research is a form of marriage agreement, which is a written agreement made and legalized by a notary before the marriage is conducted. The contents of the marriage agreement include the classification of inherited and joint assets of the parties. In the making of this marriage agreement, good consequences are considered legally, psychologically, sociologically and culturally by the existence of this marriage agreement legal action.</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Agreement, Marriage, Property</em></p><p> </p>

Rich Kids of Tehran: The Consumption of Consumption on the Internet in Iran.

Web 2.0 technologies and social media have given new dimensions to consumerism. Users, overwhelmed with images of prosperous people in wealthy nations, may fantasize about being in their position. In the last decade, new pages on Instagram have emerged with the hashtag #RichKids. Here, users consume luxurious items and prestigious positions, but vicariously. Borrowing the term “vicarious consumption” from Thorstein Veblen, and slightly modifying it to provide an interpretation of consumers of @richkidsoftehran (RKOT), the current study argues that this and similar pages not only do little to solve the problems of the followers but also are counterproductive, creating feelings of rage and frustration. It is the consumption of someone else’s consumption. Although the human mind can imagine itself in RKOT’s position, followers are also aware at all times that this is somebody else’s pleasure, not theirs. This study suggests that netizens ought to take a media literacy approach to help themselves understand that their attention is a valuable personal and collective asset, and they should defend it against the forces which seek to take advantage of ordinary people’s aspirations.

Villager Groups and Self-Governance in China: Power, Incentives, and Risk Prevention

Abstract Building a modern grassroots governance system synchronized with national development has become a significant part of China’s rural revitalization strategy. To cope with the overlapping of property rights, social identities, and work and living space in China’s villages, the villager group 村民小组 has been endowed with relatively complete governance power. Regional social networks, the moral constraints of reputation in the village, and the administrative incentives provided by the government constitute the incentive structure of villager group governance. At the same time, granting group cadres official authority and social power enables them to better coordinate the relationship between state and society, safeguard the rights and interests of villagers in the group, and provide low-cost public goods through their structural position in “the last kilometer” 最后一公里. However, they may also bring about the political risk of group confrontation, the economic risk of embezzling collective assets, and the moral risk of negligence and political inertia. To ward off these risks requires strengthening the leadership of grassroots party organizations, making full use of social supervision, ensuring that cadres operate in an open and above-board fashion, and introducing the notion of the rule of law, thus forming a compound risk-prevention mechanism for grassroots power and building a solid foundation for national governance.

Director attributes and institutional investor choices: evidence in Latin America

PurposeThis paper examines how the board of directors' attributes in terms of educational and professional backgrounds –that is board capital-, and demographics influence institutional ownership across listed companies in Latin America.Design/methodology/approachBased on unique hand-collected information of directors' educational and professional attributes across 427 firms in Latin America, the authors analyze the effects of directors' educational attainment, professional experience and demographic diversification on institutional investors' holdings.FindingsResults show that grey investor ownership favors directors with graduate studies and diverse boards regarding gender and nationality. Independent investors value the directors' professional experience like former founders of a firm. Grey investors are more concerned with firm corporate governance mechanisms, consistent with the agency view. In contrast, independent institutional investors focus on business opportunities following the board of directors' resource-based view.Research limitations/implicationsThis study shows that board capital becomes a key determinant for institutional ownership in emerging markets.Originality/valueThis study extends previous literature on institutional investor preferences by providing empirical evidence that firm board capital becomes a collective asset that is central for institutional investors' investment choices for an emerging market case.

Neoliberal commensuration and new enclosures of the commons: mining and market–environmentalism governmentalities

ABSTRACT Colombia’s Santurbán páramo wetlands are vital water supply sources for highland communities’ livelihoods and downstream cities such as Bucaramanga. Nevertheless, they face strong degeneration because of large-scale mining extraction. Seeking to harmonize divergent interests between conservation policies, domestic water supply and mining–energy development, the national government laid out land-use zones and delimited use of the Santurbán páramo since 2014. This article illustrates how hydro-territorial tensions between the mining company, the government and citizen mobilizations for water end up fencing in the collective assets of smallholder páramo residents. To understand this complex enclosure process, we show how foreign mining capital interests, urban citizens’ claims for water and government ecological boundary-making paradoxically converge. Commensuration of water meanings and values, while bridging diverse worldviews, generates new enclosures of the commons. Engaging with the conceptualization of ‘hydrosocial territories’ and neoliberal reconfiguration politics, we contribute to debates on how modernist commensuration works to commodify water and territory, disqualifying peasants’ territorial self-governance. We conclude that Santurbán páramo residents’ hydro-territorial rights are subject to the interests of social forces competing for control over this páramo territory, whether to transfer rural water to cities or to establish large-scale mining.

A study on village economic cooperative in the city of China

According to the 2012 social blue book released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China's urban population reached 50% in 2011. With the migration from marriage and new household registration, many urban collective assets have been formed in cities. Due to the unclear property rights and the emptiness of the main body, the distribution of collective assets mostly depends on the village cadres. The central government is preparing relevant laws and regulations to fill this legal gap, while the scheme of restructuring is decided by the villagers' vote, the local government coordinate the land acquisition and management. With the process of urbanization, a large number of second-generation of demolition studied abroad, which has attracted worldwide attention. In addition to the huge amount of compensation, due to the continuous rising of the land price, the value of the collective property and enterprises on the land also keep rising, the management agency of these assets is named village economic cooperative. This paper seeks to analyze the current status and future direction of these wealthy organizations, propose solutions to some existing problems.

Penyelesaian Perkara Harta Warisan dan Harta Bersama dengan Prosedur Mediasi di Pengadilan Agama Badung (Nomor Perkara 0095/PDTG/2017/PABDG)

Disputes over joint property mixed with inheritance Dispute resolution specifically means that in a dispute that occurs between a husband and wife there is a difference of opinion between the two parties because property can also refer to a dispute So that for this there is an imbalance of ownership and a policy is needed to equalize the position of both parties Based on the background of the problems that have been described several problems can be formulated as follows 1) How is the Legal Power of mediation in the trial process at the Badung Religious Court? 2) What are the procedures for distributing inheritance and collective assets according to the compilation of Islamic law? This type of research used here is a type of empirical research where this research is carried out on the real situation in a community or the surrounding environment with the aim of finding facts or existing legal problems The results of this study indicate that the legal power of mediation in the trial process at the Badung Religious Court namely with the peace deed the results of the peace agreement get legal certainty

Exploring Network Measures of Social Capital: Toward More Relational Measurement

Although social capital is a relational concept, existing studies have focused less on measuring social relations. This article fills the gap by reviewing recent studies that used network measures grouped into three types according to the measurement level. The first group defined social capital as an individual asset and used node-level measures to explain personal benefits. The second group defined social capital as a collective asset and used graph-level measures to describe collective properties. The third group used subgraph-level measures to explain the development of social capital. This article offers a link between the concepts and measures of social capital.

From “decentralization of governance” to “governance of decentralization”: Reassessing income inequality in periurban China

Grassroots village organizations are crucial for understanding the interplay between the decentralization of state power and growing income inequality in periurban China. Based on a study of 380 shareholding cooperatives and 43 administrative villages in Guangdong, we examine how state policy has interacted with village institutions to determine the management and distribution of collective income among villagers. Our findings suggest that the decentralization of power over collective asset management and distribution to these grassroots organizations did not cause a retreat in the state’s capacity for strategic intervention and local regulatory controls. Rather, the state made continued attempts to regain power over village governance through institutional formalization. Such interventions enhanced the access of villagers to state welfare. However, they worsened income disparities among villagers by undermining the village redistributive mechanism based on informal rules.

KRITIK TERHADAP KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG KETENTUAN HARTA BERSAMA DALAM PERKAWINAN

The development and social change of the community gives impact to the regulation of the collective assets of marriage. This paper will analyse the State Act of No.1 year 1974 the 35 th Article and the compilation of Islamic law (KHI) especially the Article of 1f stating about the definition of the collective asset. This research is a normative law research. It used qualitative approach. Data was analysed through content analysis. Some of the finding shows that personal property and asset becomes the collective asset caused by the marital status. Actually this changing should be stated and witnessed by the penghulu who committed the couple at the beginning of the marriage. The purpose is to avoid illegal changing of the property or asset. The regulation in Indonesia has not yet organized this case as well as possible. It must be reformulated again. Colletive asset causes the changing of responsibility to a husband in giving money to live his wife. In KHI especially in Article 80 described about the the property and asset which can be used to making a living; they are personal asset and or shared asset gathering along the marriage.

Collectivism: An American Safety Net

In the face of deepening economic precarity, Americans have been turning to one another for informal support. What is the value of this collectivist safety net? Through a combination of anthropology and economics, this study introduces a way to measure collectivist practices. Applying this methodology to data from the 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation, we investigate the extent of collectivism across the age distribution, focusing in particular on collectivism’s impact on retirement savings, its relationship to near retirees’ proximity to meeting their savings targets, and its effect on the wellbeing of elderly Americans. Contrary to the myth that the elderly are a financial burden on society, relatively few seniors receive collectivist support--only 8%. But for those who do receive that support, it makes up 31-43% of their total income. Among pre-retirees ages 55-66, collective assets comprise 12-18% of total personal savings. Taking into account the value of Social security assets, 86% of pre-retirees without collective assets meet or exceed their retirement savings target, but that figure jumps to 94% for Americans with collective assets. These results highlight the importance of accounting for collectivist support in the portfolios of aging Americans.

Grounded accountability and Indigenous self-determination

Abstract This article develops the concept of grounded accountability, which locates practices of operational non-governmental organizations (NGOs) within the culture of the communities they serve. Grounded accountability is presented to extend the concept of felt accountability that is understood as an ethical affinity between an employee and the goals of operational NGOs that employ them to benefit third parties. Grounded accountability involves devolving responsibility for defining goals to the third parties who can then realise their own self-determination. Grounded accountability is developed with a Māori community indigenous to Aotearoa/New Zealand through their shared whakapapa that views a structured genealogical relationship between all things. Whakapapa suggests that accountability is grounded in kinship, place and intergenerational relationships. An empirical exploration of grounded accountability takes place through an ethnography-informed case study conducted at two levels of investigation. The first is within Ngāi Tahu, a broad kinship grouping, who are pursuing self-determination in the settler-colonial context of Aotearoa/New Zealand. The second is within Te Rūnanga Group, an operational NGO charged with managing and distributing the collective assets resulting from the settlement of grievances against the Crown fought for by Ngāi Tahu in their struggle for self-determination. Evidence of grounded accountability was found within Ngāi Tahu and although this has been transmitted to some practices within Te Rūnanga Group, other practices constrain grounded relationships. To the extent that grounded accountability exists, through the design of an organization based on the values of primary stakeholders and continuous engagement with those stakeholders over time, it overcomes some potential limitations of perpetuating beneficiary dependency inherent in felt accountability.

Can a supplier benefit from investing in transaction-specific investments? A multilevel model of the value co-creation ecosystem perspective

Purpose This paper aims to build and empirically test a multilevel framework integrating transaction cost economics and a resource-based view into a value co-creation ecosystem perspective to explain the chain- and firm-level effects of transaction-specific investments (TSIs) on supplier performance. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates cross-level network effects using survey data from the List of Taiwanese Central Satellite Production Systems. A total of 34 buyers (hub firms) and 106 suppliers (satellite firms) from 34 supply chains responded to the survey. Findings Findings confirm that individual firms’ TSIs can foster co-specificity at the supply chain level, thereby improving supply chain integration (SCI). SCI can have a positive cross-level moderating effect on the TSI–performance relationship. Research limitations/implications These two key concepts, value co-creation and co-specificity, extend the theoretical application of transaction cost theory and the resource-based view to cross-level study by contributing to the research on the TSI–performance relationship. Practical implications This study’s framework is a counter to the buyer–supplier–supplier relationships in which each actor who may have different goals can create value jointly and share benefits from their TSIs. Social implications Owing to high co-specificity, being embedded in a well-integrated supply chain can be a threat when the environment is turbulent; for losing strategic flexibility, co-specificity and embeddedness may result in a collective adaptation concern. High degrees of SCI may slow the reaction to environmental turbulence for both buyers and suppliers. Originality/value Individual firms’ TSIs can foster co-specificity at the supply chain level, subsequently enhancing SCI. An integrated supply chain can be a collective asset that facilitates value co-creation. Individual firms can benefit from the sharing of collective value. SCI can also increase switching costs, thus reducing the likelihood of individual firm engaging in opportunistic behavior and cost safeguarding.

Process evaluation of a whole-of-community systems approach to address childhood obesity in western Victoria, Australia

BackgroundSEA Change Portland is a systems-based approach implemented in Portland, Victoria that utilises local community resources to sustainably prevent and reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity. Action is implemented by community-led task teams with differing priority areas, and supported by a steering committee representative of four collaborating organisations. This study examines the SEA Change Portland process to identify significant events, enablers and barriers of its development and implementation to date as reported by key stakeholders involved in implementation during the first 12 months.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with eight steering group members and three community task team members. Data was collected utilising open ended interview questions to gather in-depth information regarding program implementation, and the individual attitudes, beliefs and experiences of key stakeholders.ResultsData were analysed under three key themes: collective impact, systems thinking and asset based community development (ABCD). Participants gave perceptions of significant events; factors positively and negatively affecting the process; reasons for becoming involved in the process; perceived efficacy of task teams, principles of diversity and areas of concern. Themes emerged from participant responses allowing were categorisation of their responses into four key process stages: initial lead up; process development; establishing community ownership of the obesity system; and community action.ConclusionCollective impact was a crucial element in applying the systems thinking. Strong and equitable relationships between steering organisations and topic experts provided the initiative with a sustainable foundation, and ABCD promotes community ownership and future sustainability. Understanding the process of implementing a new whole-of-community systems approach to childhood obesity prevention such as SEA Change Portland has provided vital knowledge for other communities regarding enablers and barriers of this promising approach.

Muslims' Share of the Waves: Law, War and Tradition

The Muslim jurists opted for a balanced, equitable approach in water resources, particularly the oceans, held and taken care of as a collective, shared, and common asset. They devoted several writings on the humane conduct of hostilities, safety of civilians, seaworthiness of ships and shipwrecks with the help of original sources of Islam and the commandments of Muslim governors. Their principles and practices had remarkably contributed to the law of the sea much before the development of the modern Western international law concerning the oceans. Numerous military expeditions undertaken by Muslims for naval warfare in the Mediterranean Sea (MS) and the Indian Ocean (IO) inspired intellectual engagement of these jurists vis-à-vis port cities and maritime trade routes. The coastal settings even caused differences in opinions among popular schools of thought in Islam. This paper discusses such events in history and outlines issues and principles that emphasized the utility of oceans and shaped the conceptual debate on freedom of navigation in the Muslim world. It tends to suggest that international bodies recognize the customary practices of Muslim littoral states to further refine and develop the modern law of the seas. It recommends that the Muslim countries should develop and promote comprehensive codes in accordance with the maritime principles and practices developed by early Muslim jurists for sustainable exploitation of the marine resources without discrimination.