Collective Assets Research Articles

A Judicial Case Study on Inheriting Membership Shares in Rural Collective Economic Organizations - An Empirical Analysis of 132 Judgment Documents

The government Decision on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensive Deepening of Reform stated that the shares of collective assets should have the right of inheritance, thus bringing the issue of inheritance of shares in rural collective economic organizations into public view. In 2016, the government issued the Opinion on Steadily Advancing the Reform of the Collective Property Rights System in Rural Areas, which encouraged localities to carry out practical exploration of inheritance of shares in rural collective economic organizations. Since then, numerous practical cases concerning inheritance of shares in rural collective economic organizations have emerged across the country, but because of the delay in legislation, different standards have been applied in handling related issues in different places, resulting in a large number of "same case but different judgments." Through a comparative study of rural collective economic organization theory and the collection of 132 civil judgments involving inheritance of shares in rural collective economic organizations from various places for empirical research, it was found that the scope of heirs was unclear, the proportion of non-collective members who could inherit was unclear, and the procedures for inheritance were unclear. Therefore, this study aims to provide judicial application suggestions for clarifying the scope of heirs, clarifying the proportion of non-collective members who could inherit, and clarifying the procedures for inheritance, in order to provide some reference for future judicial practice.

Juridical Study of Bank Secrets Regarding Collective Assets in the Form of Deposits post Constitutional Court Ruling Number 64/Puu-X/2012 Concerning Customer Data and Their Savings for the Purpose of Division of Gono Gini's Property in a Civil Divorce Cases

Joint assets are assets or wealth obtained during the marriage. Even though the property was obtained from the husband's work alone, the wife still has the right to joint property. So joint property, whether the property belongs to the husband or wife, has the same rights and obligations regardless of whether it is registered in anyone's name and all legal actions regarding joint property must obtain the approval of both parties. The type of research used is normative legal research. The issues raised are regarding the juridical consequences of the exception of bank secrecy for joint assets following Constitutional Court Decision Number 64/PUU- X/2012. The result of this research is that the issuance of the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia regarding the Judicial Review of Article 40 of the Banking Law has the juridical consequence that banks can disclose customer data for the purposes of civil cases regarding joint assets in divorce cases, so that the form between the bank and the customer contains a clause regarding prohibitions. For banks to disclose customer information, the application still has to follow the results of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 64/PUU-X/2012 because since that decision, Article 40 of the Banking Law has automatically had its contents changed according to the contents of the MKRI decision resulting from the judicial review of the banking law. Amendments to Article 40 paragraph (1) of the Banking Law as stated in Article 14 number 38 of Law Number 4 of 2023 can be submitted as guidelines for disclosing customer data for judicial purposes in civil cases including general courts and religious courts, which include for judicial purposes regarding joint assets in divorce and in order to fulfill the recovery of assets. From the explanation above, legal certainty can be obtained that after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 64/PUU- Joint assets in a divorce case can demand or reveal bank deposit data from their partner.

The role of housing stability in predicting social capital: Exploring social support and psychological integration as mediators for individuals with histories of homelessness and vulnerable housing.

Social capital is a collective asset important for individual and population well-being. Individuals who experience homelessness may face barriers in accessing social capital due to health challenges, small social networks, and social exclusion. Data from a 4-year longitudinal study was used to determine if housing stability predicted greater social capital and if this relationship was mediated by social support and psychological integration for a sample of 855 homeless and vulnerably housed participants living in three Canadian cities. Findings showed that housing stability was not associated with trust and linking social capital. However, higher levels of social support and psychological integration had a mediating effect on the association between housing stability and trust and linking social capital. These findings highlight the importance of social support and psychological integration as means of promoting social capital for people who experience homelessness and vulnerable housing. Social interventions for housed individuals with histories of homelessness may be an avenue to foster greater social capital by building relationships with neighbors and connections to community resources and activities.

Trust chains in public sector organizations and their significance for work unit performance and employee turnover intention

In this study, we propose that the concept of trust chains can be used to combine two influential traditions in organizational theory – Luhmann´s work on vertical trust and Putnam´s ideas on horizontal trust as a collective asset. Trust chains are then studied empirically by exploring how trust is assessed in the relationships between the employees in work units, the immediate managers, and the top management, including politicians and expert functions in a municipal organization. Aggregated data from questionnaires completed by 1,579 employees and their first-line managers in a Swedish municipality resulted in 126 work units. Cluster analysis identified five different configurations of trust chains with convergent and criterion validity. A solid trust chain with reciprocal links between employees in work units via layers of managers to the top management is clearly the most beneficial situation, while other configurations represent a variety of breaches, with less beneficial outcomes in terms of performance and turnover intentions.

Linking industrial culture and human agency in three (post)industrial towns: Collective and individual agency shaping development paths

The aim of this article is to better understand the relationship between industrial culture and human agency and how it influences development outcomes. The study is set in the geographical context of three small and old industrial towns, where traditional industrial practices are embedded in the material and institutional environment and people's behaviours that form a distinctive industrial culture. Conceptually, we use a relational perspective to investigate the dialectic between human agency and industrial culture: we examine how industrial culture can guide human agency–through motivation, legitimation, or specific behaviour; and how human agency reshapes industrial culture through its actions–destruction, modification, maintenance of cultural assets. The results show that a strong industrial culture implies a more reproductive type of agency and a pronounced collective behaviour of actors, aiming at a more incremental development that reflects the existing place-based culture. In the case where industrial culture is thinner, new development relied on individual agents completely altering development paths. Our research places particular emphasis on collective assets and collective agency in the context of smaller towns with strong industrial culture and their ability to influence the direction of future development. In addition, we emphasise the simultaneous role of (individual) change and (collective) reproductive/maintenance agency, which can lead to stable development without major disruptions to the institutional or cultural context. Our findings are important for understanding small industrial communities and how the collective aspects of industrial culture require that new development initiatives are aligned with industrial traditions and place-based culture.

Optimal planning of collective photovoltaic arrays in energy communities through a multi-cut benders’ decomposition strategy

With the deregulation and the urgent necessity of decarbonizing the electricity sector, end users have been empowered to actively partake in the operation of the system. In this context, energy communities arise as a regulatory framework that allows aggregating a group of domestic consumers (or prosumers) in order to share own resources such as storage or photovoltaics. However, such collective assets should be properly designed in order to exploit them in an optimal way as well as avoid oversizing components, which may result in higher expenditures economically harmful. This new paradigm calls for developing proper computational tools for optimally planning and operating energy communities. In this paper, a novel tool for optimally planning collective photovoltaic arrays in cooperative energy communities is developed. This planning problem encompasses continuous and binary variables, which are evaluated over long time horizons and characterized through representative sets. These features make the problem computationally costly or even unaffordable for average machines. To overcome this issue, a novel solution strategy based on the multi-cut Benders’ decomposition is developed. The new proposal exploits the particular structure of the multi-year problem to produce dense cuts strategies that rely on multiple computational benefits, while the optimization framework allows including long-time parameters (such as panel degradation) in an intuitive way. The new approach is tested on a number of scenarios, comparing it with the traditional solution method without applying decomposition. Results reveals that the original intractable problem becomes manageable by average machines when applying the proposed decomposition technique, thus demonstrating its practicability and importance. In addition, the results obtained serve to highlight the importance of increasing local generation in energy communities, in order to reduce the dependency of the grid as well as reducing the total energy cost for users. In particular, the total project cost reduces by 19 % in our particular case study. Other aspects have been also highlighted, as the importance of photovoltaics to increase the exportable capacity of the community observing an increment of 96 % in the exportable energy in our case study. In this sense, the developed tool results valuable for community planners, allowing them to take decisions on pursuing to improve the economy and efficiency of the entire community.

A/r/tography in between place: a look at the connections of living heritage

This article presents a look at the connections that occur between heritage and community as a living, transitory, powerful place that can be explored as a collective asset based on the concept of relational art that elevates relationships to the condition of art. From the perspective of systemic and complex thoughts, we propose a museology that patrimonializes the between place of community relations understood as a living and mixed hypertext, a book made up of meanings attributed to existences that highlight reality and the role of human beings in it. To qualitatively analyze the perceptions and specificities of the crossings between people's reality and their collective heritage, it is designated as a participatory and co-creative research methodology, with interventions and educational research based on art - a/r/tography, artistic practice and lively pedagogical, capable of perceiving, analyzing and producing knowledge and sharing it through collaborative poetic practices.

Collective Asset Sharing Mechanisms for PV and BESS in Renewable Energy Communities

The energy sector transition to more decentralized and renewable structures requires greater participation by local consumers, which may be enabled by innovative models such as the setup of renewable energy communities (RECs). To maximize the self-consumption of local renewable energy generated by assets normally connected to the low voltage distribution grid, these RECs typically involve jointly owned assets such as collective photovoltaic solar panels (CPVs) and collective energy storage systems (CESS). This work proposes a novel mathematical model for a REC, accounting for three distinct economic approaches to the redistribution of collective benefits among community members. The main objective of this study is to understand how the participation of community members in collective assets (CAs) can help increase the fairness and equity of RECs. An illustrative REC case comprising members with individual and collective ownership of the assets is used to assess the proposed economic approaches. Extracting several answers, among them that the most advantageous configuration comes from agents with quotas in the CESS and CPV. An important conclusion is that depending on the selected economic approach, the social welfare and agent’s revenue vary significantly. In any case, CESSs increase equity among REC members.

Multi-Agent Learning of Asset Maintenance Plans through Localised Subnetworks

Maintenance planning of networked multi-asset systems is a complex problem due to the inherent individual and collective asset constraints and dynamics as well as the size of the system and interdependencies among assets. Although multi-asset systems have been studied numerous times in the past decades, maintenance planning implications of the system’s network characteristics have been barely analysed. Likewise, solutions that consider the network perspective suffer from scalability issues as a network-wide observability is assumed. This paper proposes a network maintenance planning approach based on the decomposition of the multi-asset network into fixed-size localised subnetworks. The overall network maintenance plan is produced by aggregating the subnetwork maintenance plans, which are computed independently via a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithm. The results are evaluated against a network-wide approach as well as the commonly-used individual approach. The paper also introduces a systematic approach to integrate the MARL resulting policy in a multi-asset agent-based model. Simulation results of several random asset networks and a large nationwide network infrastructure show that, although a network-wide approach outperforms, on average, other approaches considered, the localised subnetworks approach, provides an acceptable alternative in networks with small-world properties, without the need of a network-wide view.

Collective asset management under corporate governance theory

The shareholding system for collective assets (SSCA) reform improves collective asset management with the help of corporate governance theory. This reform transforms collective asset management into a corporate governance structure subordinated to shareholders and the collectives' interests. Therefore, this reform can affect residents' disposable income and collective asset size. In this study, the time-varying Difference-in-Difference estimation model is used to examine the impact of the SSCA reform on collective asset size and residents' disposable income. This study shows that the SSCA reform is conducive to increasing residents' disposable income and expanding the size of collective assets. Further research shows that the SSCA reform can increase residents' disposable income by expanding the size of community dividends. The SSCA reform can expand the size of collective assets by reducing collective asset indebtedness.

Dilemma and Solution of Equity Setting in the Shareholding of Rural Collective Assets

Since ancient times, China has been a major agricultural country, and rural collective property rights are anessential component of the sustained, stable, and healthy development of the rural economy. They have a certain positive significance in promoting the development of the national economy and accelerating the process of social modernization construction. Therefore, in combination with the new needs of rural economic construction and development in the new era, deepening the reform of rural collective asset shareholding and equity setting management can effectively safeguard the core interests of farmers, and it is significant for solving various equity setting problems in the reform of rural collective asset shareholding. Based on this, this article analyzes the equity setting dilemma and its solutions in the shareholding of rural collective assets, in order to provide guidelines for relevant personnel.

The design and operation of post-settlement governance entities. A management contribution

Post-settlement governance entities (PSGEs) are an outcome of the Treaty of Waitangi settlement process. Their role is to hold, manage and be responsible for the collective assets received on behalf of claimant groups, most often represented by iwi. However, many PSGEs serve wider purposes, including social, cultural, environmental and other iwi-defined purposes. This article seeks to answer the following research question: What factors influence the design and operation of PSGEs? Through analysing literature and data collected from the experiences of three PSGEs, we find that challenges PSGEs tend to encounter are not a result of their design. Instead, they are attributed to their operationalisation— that is, their management. We argue that there is more to their management than what is currently understood, and we seek here to contribute meaningfully to knowledge of the design and operation of PSGEs as contemporary forms of Māori organisation.

Density, planning, and the emergent landscapes of purpose-built student accommodation in England

This mini review explores perspectives on density and discretionary planning policy in relation to the emergent landscapes of purpose-built student accommodation (PBSA) across selected English university cities. It examines the nexus between density in planning policies and transformations in student accommodation, presenting a research gap requiring further investigation. Our research builds upon limited literature on UK PBSA within which there has been inadequate interrogation of policy impacts on the substantial growth of this now mature market sector. By better understanding the relations between national planning policies and their local interpretations regarding PBSA, we can move toward improving understandings for urban futures. The intersectionality between the evolution of the PBSA sector and the planning system are currently underexplored. The paper highlights the proliferation, densification, and concentration patterns of PBSAs and their connections to the surrounding planning system. The emergence of privately developed PBSA in the UK is typically characterized by medium to high rise, and medium to high density development. Higher density PBSA has created a dynamic spectrum of impacts reflecting subjective perceptions of their emergence in university cities. Our mini review illustrates the growth trajectory and direction of the PBSA sector. We conclude with a reflection on the discretionary nature of planning policies for density that often create regulatory loopholes allowing PBSA to thrive as a niche real estate asset class but not necessarily as a local and social collective asset.

The Promoting Role of Rural Collective Property Right System Reform on Farmers' Income Increase

Document No. 1 of the Central Committee in 2023 pointed out that it is necessary to give farmers fuller property rights and interests, consolidate and improve the results of the reform of the rural collective property rights system, build an operating mechanism with clear property rights, scientific governance structure, sound management and reasonable distribution of proceeds, explore diversified ways to develop a new type of rural collective economy such as contracting out of resources, renting out of properties, providing intermediary services, and participating in assets, continue to deepen the reform of the collective forest rights system, and deepen the pilot demonstration of comprehensive rural reforms. system reform, and further promote the pilot demonstration of comprehensive rural reform. This paper starts from the reform of rural collective property right system, takes Anhui Province as an example, and studies the promotion effect of the reform of rural collective property right system on farmers' income in Anhui Province. The study concludes that: First, the reform of the rural collective property right system clarifies the ownership of collective assets, quantifies the collective assets into shares, and increases the property income of farmers. Secondly, the reform has led to changes in the structure of rural employment, with a large number of rural residents shifting their employment from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries, and increasing their wage income. Third, the reform has broadened the farmers' business mode, optimized the business model, making the farmers' operating income increase. At the same time on the implementation of the reform of collective property rights system in Anhui Province and the actual situation of Anhui Province's own economic development, put forward relevant policy recommendations.

Urban Regeneration: Search for Identity in the Historic Core–A Case of Hassan City

Urban Regeneration seeks to bring about appropriate guided transformations in the physical, social, economic and environmental contexts of the city that has deteriorated over a period of time. The historic core of the city is one such place that gets worn out, disguised and ultimately destroyed. This collective asset of the city and its community is valuable, needs to be recognised, restored and managed. The case of each Indian city is such that it presents a unique character, hence demands unique intervention. The present article focuses on a small city of Hassan, in the state of Karnataka, India. The historic core of the city is centred on community living, and traditional occupations, dotted with temples marked by local fairs and festivals, presently endangered with traffic movement, parking, inappropriate land uses and the like. The proposal aims at restoration of the historic glory of the city based on a careful analysis of the existing situation and opportunities available. A holistic intervention approach proposed is based on the internal–external factor evaluation, and the prioritization matrix. The work presented can be a model for urban regeneration intervention that can be replicated contextually in the urban historic core of any small city across the globe.

Psychometric validation of the collective asset Utu: associations with coping strategies and resilience during adolescence

BackgroundUtu is a Kiswahili term with a long history of cultural significance in Tanzania. It conveys a value system of shared, collective humanity. While variants of Utu have been studied in other contexts, a measure of Utu that captures this important collective asset has not been developed in Tanzania. The aims of this study were to (1) examine dimensional constructs that represent Utu, (2) validate a measurement scale of Utu for use with adolescents, (3) examine differences between orphan and non-orphan adolescents in self-reported Utu and, (4) examine structural paths between adverse life experiences, coping strategies, Utu, and resilience. MethodsThis study collected survey data from adolescents from three districts in peri-urban Tanzania in two samples: 189 orphan adolescents ages 10–17 in May 2020 and 333 non-orphan adolescents ages 10–14 in August 2020. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the hypothesized factor structure of the developed Utu measure. Structural equation models were used to examine path associations with adverse life experiences, coping and resilience.ResultsThe five dimensional constructs comprising the Utu measure included Resource Sharing, Group Solidarity, Respect and Dignity, Collectivity, and Compassion. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Utu measure demonstrated excellent fit (CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.97; SRMR = 0.024; RMSEA = 0.046) and internal consistency (α = 0.94) among adolescents in this study. Positive, significant associations were found between Utu and coping (β = 0.29, p < 0.001) and Utu and intra/interpersonal and collective resilience (β = 0.13, p < 0.014). Utu was not significantly associated with adverse life experiences, age or gender.ConclusionsA five-dimensional measurement scale for Utu was validated in a sample of orphan and non-orphan adolescents in Tanzania. Utu is a collective asset associated with higher levels of reported resilience in both orphan and non-orphan adolescent populations in Tanzania. Promoting Utu may be an effective universal public health prevention approach. Implications for adolescent programming are discussed.

Regional Differences in the Quality of Rural Development in Guangdong Province and Influencing Factors

Achieving rural revitalization is the aim of building a strong modern socialist country. However, regional heterogeneity exists in rural development in general, and studying regional differences in rural development quality is an important prerequisite for developing specific policies for rural revitalization. This paper takes 20 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province as the research objects and constructs a rural-development-quality-evaluation system based on four dimensions: industrial revitalization, rural affluence, social development, and environmental livability; combines the entropy value method, hierarchical analysis method, and TOPSIS to complete the evaluation process; uses a spatial autocorrelation model and cold–hot spot analysis to explore the characteristics of regional heterogeneity of rural development in Guangdong Province; and relies on stepwise regression analysis to clarify the main influencing factors. The results show the following: (1) The average value of rural development quality in the province is 0.342, with “high in the middle and low in the surrounding area” as the main spatial characteristic. (2) The average value of environmental livability dimension is 0.580, and the high-value area is found in the northeastern part of the province. There is an outer circle distribution structure with Dongguan City as the core of the high-value area, and the score gradually decreases outward, while the average value of all other dimensions is less than 0.350. The mean value of all other dimensions is less than 0.350. (3) The social development dimension shows a cold–hot spot distribution of “hot in the northeast and low in the middle”, the rural development quality and other development dimensions show a cold–hot spot spatial pattern of “high value gathering in the middle and low value gathering in the northeast”, and there is no cold spot gathering in the environmental livability dimension. (4) The average collective assets and the construction rate of science-based communities are the main driving factors of rural development, while the coverage rate of service institutions and the Engel coefficient are the main hindering factors. This paper enriches the rural development level measurement system, clarifies the spatial differentiation and main influencing factors of rural development in Guangdong Province, and helps to provide scientific support and a theoretical basis for the differentiated promotion of rural revitalization.

The role of assets and variegated constellations of organizational- and system-level agency in regional transformation

ABSTRACT This paper aims to contribute to the study of agency in regional development first by elaborating a typology of organizational- and system-level agency constellations in regions. Second, the paper outlines the main individual and collective assets which influence the vigour and sophistication of organizational- and system-level agency and by specifying the main drivers upon which the exertion of usually more scarce system-level agency is contingent. Empirically, via 30 in-depth interviews, the role of agency is studied in a region with multiple disadvantages. Nevertheless, innovative endogenous companies exist in this region, and we examined their compensation and exploitation strategies aimed at eluding unfavourable regional assets and almost-missing system-level agency. Finally, we outline several potential avenues for transformation in the case study’s region.

Day-ahead scheduling of 100% isolated communities under uncertainties through a novel stochastic-robust model

Energy communities enable effective coordination among prosumers on pursuing collective targets. This paper focuses on isolated 100% renewable communities, involving individual (controllable appliances and small generators) and collective (wind generators and battery banks) assets. To effectively coordinate the agents involved in these structures, advanced energy management strategies are necessary. This work develops a three-stage day-ahead scheduling strategy for isolated 100% energy communities, involving peer-to-peer transactions among prosumers. The different uncertainties involved are incorporated through a novel stochastic-robust formulation, that results in a computationally tractable optimization framework. To validate the new model, a case study on a six-prosumer benchmark community is analysed. Results reveal the importance of collective assets and peer-to-peer exchanges among prosumers as well as the effectiveness of the developed formulation. The role of batteries is also discussed, helping to reduce the total unserved energy and operating cost by 20% and 19%, respectively, as well as enabling a more efficient use of wind energy. The impact of robustness is also studied, incrementing the expected importable energy by 28% compared to the deterministic case, while the exportable energy from prosumers is notably reduced by 40%. However, uncertainty-aware strategies have a direct impact on operational costs, incrementing the expenditures by 37% when uncertainties are considered.

Роль человека в формировании социального капитала сетей

When the theory of social capital develops in conjunction with the network approach, it expands ways of understanding the nature of social ties and the principles of social organization. At the same time, it gives rise to many related theoretical and methodological questions. One of them is the role of a person in the formation of social capital. Since social capital is generated within the structure of the relations of subjects and cannot personally belong to any of them, the fundamentals of the theory are the primacy of the group over the individual. Meanwhile, the characteristics of people involved in network relations play a specific role. As favorable conditions for social capital, the article examines a person’s deliberate choice of network behavior, expectations from network contacts, and the measured pace of network life. Conscious use of strategies aimed at joining social capital involves the selection of ways of networking. The criterion is the replenishment of common resources through cooperation, exchanges, investments in collective assets. Motivated participants in social communication establish mutually beneficial relationships, work with information, and look for opportunities for self-realization in social situations. Personal characteristics can improve the network position, affecting access to resource channels. By determining their usefulness, people focus on common needs, understanding of social contexts, and the increment of the collective good. Certain expectations from relationships give rise to connections that are filled with appropriate resources. Depending on expectations, ideas about the significance of other people are formed, the circle of contacts is determined, a person is looking for his place in the social network. To get what you expect, you need to remain visible and recognizable. In this way, looking at other people triggers the alignment of network communications, coordinating the flows of social capital. In addition, since it takes time for people to evaluate potential contacts and establish trust, the pace of network processes should maintain network stability, in other words, be moderate.