Lichen Collections Research Articles

Foliicolous Lichens of the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania I

AbstractRich collections of foliicolous lichens were made, especially from submontane and montane areas, in the Usambara Mountains of Tanzania during the Usambara Rain Forest Research Project expeditions in 1982, 1984 and 1985. An enumeration of the identified species is provided together with taxonomic, ecological and geographical notes. This first part treats 36 species from the Arthoniaceae, Opegraphaceae and all genera with pyrenocarpous ascomata. New records include 14 species for the Usambaras, eight for Tanzania, and three to Africa. Porina sphaerocephaloides sp. nov., widely distributed in the study area, is described.

Foliikole Flechten der Insel Kuba

About 78 foliicolous lichen species were found in a lichen collection from Cuba. Five of these species are established as new taxa:Porina cubana sp. n.,P. pocsii sp. n.,P. subpilosa sp. n.,Tricharia cubana sp. n. andBacidia ekmanii sp. n. Three new combinations are proposed:Phylloporis multipunctata (Merr. exR. Sant.) comb. n. (bas.:Porina multipunctataMerr. exR. Sant.),Phylloporis plytypoda (Mull. Arg.) comb. n. (bas:Porina platypodaMull. Arg.) andCalenia aspidota (Vain.) comb. n. (bas.:Ectolechia aspidotaVain.). Taxonomic notes are provided for some taxa, and brief phytogeographical comments are supplied for all the treated species.

Lichens of the San Joaquin Experimental Range, California

A preliminary checklist of lichens from the interior foothills of central California includes 76 species. Three seldom-collected species--Rhizoplaca marginalis, R. glaucophana and Peltula zahlbruckneri--are among the taxa listed. Although there have been a number of reports in the literature of lichens from Yosemite Valley (Tuckerman 1882, 1884; Hasse 1913), and the con- tiguous Sierra Nevada (Tuckerman 1866, 1872), few lichen collections from the foothills of the Sierra have been mentioned. Herre's (1945) study of Cal- ifornia lichens listed only low elevation (85 m) species for central California; and Herre's (1946) review of California Parmelia spp. showed few rec-

Lichens and Air Quality in Big Bend National Park, Texas

This study was undertaken because of reports of decreased visibility due to haze and the possibility of increased air pollution in the park. Numerous localities where lichens had been collected 10 years ago were revisited in 1980 to look for any changes in the lichen flora. Photographs were taken from scenic vistas where photographs had been taken earlier. Permanent photographic points for lichens were established for long term monitoring. It is argued that fruticose li- chens are just as useful for monitoring air quality in arid areas as in wetter areas. There has been no loss of lichen species at any locality over the past 10 years and haze conditions have not changed much. It is concluded that no significant increase in air pollution has occurred within the park over the past 10 years. In 1966, 1969 and 1970, complete lichen collections were made at 38 localities in Big Bend National Park. Label data for all collections are stored in a computer data base at the University of Minnesota (Wetmore 1979) and a report on the macrolichens (foliose and fruticose lichens) from these localities has been published (Wetmore 1976). Even though the general climate in the park is quite dry, several species of fruticose lichens were found at numerous localities in the mountains. At the time these collections were made, color photographs were taken from various scenic vistas throughout the park. Recent observations by various people have reported the visibility in the park has been degraded due to increased haze conditions. There has also been concern that the haze might be associated with air pollutants that could damage the vegetation of the park. Possible sources of the air pollution are Carlsbad, New Mexico, and El Paso, Texas, These cities are about 400 km northwest of the park and wind patterns are such that air masses from these cities could blow into the park. Lichens are slow growing and remain alive for many years, and therefore can be used as long-term indicators of air quality. They are also known to be very sensitive to many atmospheric pollutants. Some lichens are damaged or killed by low levels of sulfur dioxide (0.5 ppm, Nash 1973), nitrogen oxides (2-4 ppm, Nash 1976) and other strongly oxidizing compounds (Nash 1972, 1975; Ferry et al. 1973). The algae of the thallus seem to be the

H. H. Allan's early collections of New Zealand lichens

Abstract H. H. Allan's early interest in lichens is traced in letters written to Annie Lorrain Smith in London and G. Einar Du Rietz in Uppsala and his first collections of lichens from Mt Peel, Ashburton, Feilding, and Mt Egmont are described. The specimens, which are held in the herbaria of the Institutionen for Systematisk Botanik and the Vaxtbiologiska Institutionen in Uppsala, Sweden, consist of 64 species distributed amongst 32 genera. Of phytogeographical interest are the first discoveries in New Zealand of Cetraria islandica and Solorina crocea.

Lichens from a High Arctic Coastal Lowland, Devon Island, N.W.T.

Lichens from a High Arctic Coastal Lowland, Devon Island, N.W.T.

Catalog of the Lichens of Arizona

Altogether 615 epithets of lichens are reported for Arizona. After the list is reduced by removing synonyms and misidentifications, 474 taxa remain -432 species in 78 genera, 2 subspecies, 16 varieties, and 19 forms. The catalog is based on reports in 92 papers. Although there is no adequate lichen flora for the Southwest, the recently published catalogs for Colorado (Shushan & Anderson, 1969) and New Mexico (Egan, 1972a) and the following catalog for Arizona document the reported lichen flora for the southern Rocky Mountain region. The most extensive lichen studies for Arizona were published subsequent to 1950; these include Darrow's (1950) study of the corticolous lichens of southeastern Arizona, Weber's (1963) study of the lichens of the Chiricahua Mountains, Johnsen's (1965a) report on the lichens of Oak Creek Canyon and Wetmore's (1970) study of the Heppiaceae. Recently the senior author collected extensively across the state and added 84 species to the published reports (Nash, 1973b; Nash & Weber, 1974). The major collections of Arizonan lichens are located in the Arizona State University Herbarium and the University of Colorado Museum. The land which now comprises Arizona was acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and by the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Initially the area was incorporated as part of the New Mexico Territory, but in 1863 it became a separate territory. In 1912 statehood was obtained. Arizona's approximate boundaries are meridians 31 and 37 degrees north latitude and 109 and 114 degrees longitude. The total area of this approximately rectangular state is 113,909 square miles. Physiographically Arizona is divided by the Mogollon Rim into the Colorado Plateau Province to the north and the Basin and Range Province to the south (Fenneman, 1931). The Colorado Plateau which lies between 5000 and 10,000 feet is generally composed of sedimentary sandstones; the Basin and Range Province is largely composed of rocks of volcanic origin. The highest point in the state is Humphrey's Peak at 12,670 feet; the lowest point is at the southwestern corner at 100 feet. Climatically Arizona is characterized by sharply contrasting seasons (Sellers, 1960). Precipitation occurs predominantly in winter and summer and drought characterizes spring and fall. Annual precipitation varies from less than 5 inches in the southwestern deserts to over 45 inches along the Mogollon Rim and in the White Mountains. Yearly fluctuations in temperature are up to 1000F and daily fluctuations frequently exceed

New Species of Mosses from Campbell Island, New Zealand

Barbula imshaugii, Bellia crumii, Blindia maxwellii, and Pohlia ochii are described as new from Campbell Island, New Zealand. A key to the species of Blindia found on Campbell Island is given. During December 1989 and January 1970, an expedition was conducted to Campbell Island, New Zealand, under the auspices of the National Science Foundation. Extensive collections of hepatics, lichens, and mosses were made by R. Schuster, H. Imshaug, and myself. Campbell Island lies at latitude 52o33'S and longitude 169?E, about 450 miles south of Dunedin, New Zealand. Maxwell (1970) gave an account of the expedition and Bailey and Sorensen (1962) discussed the topography, vegetation, and fauna of the island. The moss flora of Campbell Island is rich in species and as a result of my study of this flora, four species have been found as new to science. Rather than wait for the uncertain date of publication of the crytogamic flora of the island, it seems advisable at this time to make these names available for use. Barbula imshaugii sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 5-11) Plantae 2-3 mm altae, obscuro-virides vel olivacea, caespitosae. Folia ubi sicca erectoincurvata, torta, 1.5-2.0 mm longa, ligulato-oblonga vel oblonga, cuspidata, acuta vel obtusa, carinata, canaliculata, marginibus planis et integris; costa excurrente, et parte dimidia superiore papillosa et in apice rubra et valde cuspidata, duobus stratis stereidarum praedita; cellulae superiores 7-11(12), latae, subquadratae vel rotundae, pluripapillatae; cellulae basilares longae rectangulatae (3:1), hyalinae, parietibus tenuibus; marginales saepe chlorophyllosae et quadratae. Sporophyta ignotae. Plants 2-3 mm high, in dark-green to olive-green tufts. Stems erect, simple. Leaves erect-incurved, occasionally somewhat twisted, the cuspidate apex recurved when dry, erect-spreading to recurved-spreading when moist, 1.5-2.0 mm long, ligulate-oblong to oblong, rarely spatulate-oblong, sometimes slightly contracted at the middle of the leaf, strongly cuspidate, acute to obtuse, strongly carinate, canaliculate; margin entire, plane; costa strong, papillose in the upper ,, excurrent and forming a strong, red, cuspidate apex, about 45-70, wide at the leaf middle, in cross-section with two stereid bands; upper cells 7-11(12)/ wide, subquadrate to rounded-quadrate, pluripapillose, obscure; basal cells long-rectangular (about 3:1) hyaline, thin-walled, becoming quadrate to short-rectangular, often slightly papillose and chlorophyllose at the upper 1 Grateful acknowledgement is made to the National Research Council of Canada for grant A-6390 to D. H. Vitt and to the National Science Foundation for grants GA-14262 and GV26615 to Dr. H. Imshaug. I thank Dr. G. Hermansen of the Classics Department, University of Alberta, for checking the Latin descriptions. 2 Department of Botany, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.78 on Wed, 22 Jun 2016 05:27:32 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1971] VITT: NEW ZEALAND MOSSES 465

"Lichenes Canadenses Exsiccati": A New Series of Canadian Lichens

This new exsiccata, issued by the National Herbarium of Canada (CANL), includes 75 numbers in 30 sets. Recipients of the sets are listed. Among the lichens distributed the following are new records foar North America: Arthothelium ilicinum (T. Tayl.) P. James, Pertusaria sommerfeltii (Fhirke ex Sommerf.) Fr., and Stereocaulon myriocarpum Th. Fr. With the growing number of lichen investigators in all parts of the world, the need for widely distributed, reliably identified, uniform lichen specimens has never been greater. It seemed fitting that the National Herbarium of Canada, being the repository of the national lichen collection, should issue a set of lichens representative of the flora. The title of the set, Canadenses Exsiccati, establishes the principle that only lichens from Canada will be dealt with. Although many exsiccati distributed in the past have included specimens, none has dealt exclusively with material, with the possible exception of John Macoun's two sets of Canadian Lichens. I agree with Culberson (1959), how- ever, in concluding they should not be considered as exsiccatae in the strict sense. The printed labels of these sets, although consecutively numbered, often lacked essential data such as reference to localities and dates of collection. These data were later filled in by hand. Thus, the material distributed under any given number was not necessarily uniform. Lynge, who was contemporaneous to the issuing of Macoun's second and largest set (ca. 1909-1912), must have known this because he did not list Macoun's material in either his first review of the world's exsiccatae (Lynge, 1915-1918), or in his supplement (Lynge, 1939). Sayre (1969) lists Macoun's sets among the world's exsiccatae, but refers to Culberson's comments mentioned above. I am preparing a paper dealing with Macoun's lichen exsiccatae, and specific points relating to those sets will be discussed there. Of the other principally North American exsiccatae, John W. Thomson's Lichenes Arctici should be mentioned as one which includes large numbers of speci- mens and is of special value to students of lichens. The first issue or of Canadenses Exsiccati (though it bears no actual fascicle number) is comprised of 75 numbers including lichens from New- foundland to British Columbia. The majority of the specimens (34) are from British Columbia, mostly from the Queen Charlotte Islands. A large number (31) are from Ontario. The remainder are from the following provinces: Newfoundland (4),

Bryophytes and Lichens of the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, Collected on the 1966 Foray of the American Bryological Society

Bryophytes and Lichens of the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, Collected on the 1966 Foray of the American Bryological Society

Peltigera occidentalis in Iceland

Peltigera occidentalis in Iceland

Lichens from Har Meron (Jebel Jermak), Upper Galilee

Twenty species, collected for the first time from Har Meron in Israel, are reported and their worldwide distribution recorded. Insofar as they were determined, the lichen acids of these species are indicated and the crystals used for their identification illustrated. Har Meron (Jebel Jermak3) presents a challenge because no previous lichen collections from this mountain and its environs have been reported, and to our knowledge no lichenological research there has ever been made before. Har Meron differs physiographically from any other region in Israel. It is located about seven kilometers west of the city of Safad, and covers an area of approximately six square kilometers. Har Meron forms the peak of the mountain belt that extends from the southern foot of Mt. Lebanon to the desert of the Sinai Peninsula. It is composed of three summits the northern (1,208 m), the western (1,104 m), and the eastern (1,151 m) -which are about 1.6 kilometers apart. While the western slope is gentle, the northern and eastern ones are more abrupt. The climate is biseasonal, with winter precipitations only (mainly rain, occasionally snow). The total precipitation is the highest in Israel (annual average over 1,200 mm) and the temperature is the lowest (averages: annual 120C, max. July 190C, min. January 60C). The area discussed is notable by its rich flora (Zohary 1962). It comprises a mixture of deciduous species and evergreens, with Quercus calliprinos and Pistacia palaestina as the dominant representatives of the association. These are accompanied by other Mediterranean trees and shrubs such as Laurus nobilis, Phillyrea media, Rhamnus palaestina, Crataegus azarolus, and Cercis siliquastrum. Several other trees Quercus boissieri, Acer syriacus, Pyrus syriaca, Prunus ursina, Juniperus oxycedrus, and Sorbus trilobata are confined to this area and find here their southernmost limit of distribution. This Mediterranean part of the country affords a more suitable habitat for fruticose and foliose lichens than the rest of the country. In the following, the general distribution of each species mentioned is summarized, as far as the literature supplies such information. This reveals that many of the species collected from Har Meron 1 Grateful acknowledgement is made to the Israel National Academy of Science for a grant in support of this work. We thank Professor J. Poelt for his help in the determination of Lecanora muralis and L. radiosa var. subcircinata and Mr. A. Shub for the photographs of Figures 1-5. 2 Department of Botany, Tel-Aviv University, 155 Herzl Street, TelAviv, Israel. 8 Jebel Jermak is the Arabic name of this mountain; it is sometimes spelled Jebel Jannrmaq. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.114 on Thu, 26 May 2016 06:03:06 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 19661 GALUN & LAVEE: LICHENS FROM GALILEE 325 find their equivalents in various mountainous regions of the Mediterranean area while others have a wider range. Several of the species are limited in Israel to the summit of Har Meron; others are less specific. The number of species reported in this paper represents only a partial picture of the lichen flora of Har Meron. It should, therefore, be considered only a preliminary report upon the little explored lichen flora of that area. The formulae for the solutions used in the microcrystal tests and referred to in the captions for the illustrations of the crystals are the standard ones given by Asahina and Shibata (1954). The collections are deposited in the herbarium of Tel-Aviv University. ANAPTYCHIA CILIARIS (L.) Kjrb. in Mass., Mem. Lichenogr. 35. 1853. Lichen ciliaris L., Spec. Plant. 2: 1144. 1753. Collections: Common on trunks and branches of Quercus calliprinos, Pistacia palaestina, and Rhamnus palaestina. Reactions: K-, C-, PD-. Constituents demonstrated: None. Anaptychia ciliaris is apparently restricted to Europe, and is among the most common lichens in northern Europe (Kurokawa 1962).

Some foliose and fruticose lichens from assam and north-east frontier agency of India

The paper deals with a collection of foliose and fruticose lichens collected by Mr. R. S. Rao and Dr. G. Panigrahi from Assam and North-East Frontier Agency of India. The total number as determined is 72 species under 18 genera and 9 families in a collection of about 145 specimens. Notable aspects of the investigations are the new reports from this region of the species—Cetraria asahinae, C. straminea andUsnea asahinae—and the discovery of the fertile state of the specimensAnzia physoidea andCetraria straminea which were so far known in the sterile condition only.

The Delaware Lichens Collected by Commons

botany from reading his brother's copy of Darlington's Florula Cestrica. He had a collection of nearly 3,000 species listed, of mosses over 60 species, hepatics 40 species, lichens 160 species, and of fungi 1,300 species. His collection of plants was given to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Of the 600 specimens in his lichen collection many are duplicates, and a large number are not identifiable enough to report. He seems to have had a predilection for crustose species such as Arthonia, Lecidea, or Graphis, but his collection has no specimens of such common genera as Alectoria, Evernia, Stereocaulon, or the Umbilicariaceae. I believe the identification of these specimens written on the labels was largely the work of Commons, but he may have had the assistance of John W. Eckfeldt, who was then curator of the lichen collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences. For the re-examination and determination of the lichens of this

Explorations in Patagonia

No one with a taste for strange country can fail to be impressed by the remark? able geography of the Andes of Southern Patagonia: the labyrinth of fjords which split the Chilean coast and bite deep into the mainland; the curiously similar pattern of lakes on the opposite side, many of which, Lagos San Martin and Buenos Aires for example, though lying well to the east of the main range, are drained by rivers flowing through it into the Pacific; the innumerable glaciers which radiate from the central ice caps and thrust their massive fronts into the intricate system of waterways surrounding them. That so much of the region remains unexplored is due almost entirely to its physical difficulties, for during the last sixty years many attempts have been made to penetrate it. Most parts of the main range, even on the eastern side, can only be reached by amphibious operations which are liable to be rendered hazardous by the violent and prolonged storms which prevail. The glaciers in their lower reaches are often so broken and crevassed that it is impossible to travel on them; lateral moraines rarely offer an easy line of approach, and the forest, which covers all but the steepest slopes and extends to an altitude of about 3000 feet, is usually dense, trackless and difficult to negotiate. Except on parts of the ice caps where sledges might possibly be used, back-packing is the only means of transport, and no porters can be hired locally to help with this. But the chief problem is presented by the prolonged periods of rain, the rarity and brevity of spells of fine weather and, above all, the savage wind-storms which sometimes con? tinue for weeks at a stretch, with gusts up to 130 m.p.h. It is these obstacles which have prevented most expeditions from achieving more than a very limited objective or covering more than a very small portion of this very large and exceedingly complex field. The redoubtable Salesian priest, Alberto de Agostini, has been a dominant figure in the exploration of the region. He has led no fewer than twelve expeditions to various parts of it, which have contributed the major part of our knowledge of the main range. A few of the high mountains have been climbed, notably the formidable peak of Fitzroy, the ascent of which was made in 1952 by a French expedition led by Lionel Terray. In 1956 H. W. Tilman and two com? panions crossed the range from the Calvo Fjord to the front of the Moreno Glacier on Lago Argentino. The chief objects of the small expedition which I took to the Patagonian Andes during the 1958/59 season were glaciological and botanical. Geoffrey Bratt, who had been with me in the Karakoram the previous year, shared both the initiative and the organization. He planned to make large-scale surveys of various glacier fronts which would serve as a basis for later observers. We invited John Mercer, who had already been twice to the area in which we proposed to operate, to join the party. He was anxious to continue a line of study on the trees bordering the glaciers, designed to ascertain the dates of successive glacial advances. The Trustees of the British Museum lent us the services of Peter James to make a comprehensive collection of plants and lichens, and furnished a grant of money to cover his expenses. We also invited Peter Miles to join us in Argentina to act as liaison officer and to make col? lections of birds and insects. Besides the British Museum, grants were also received from the Mount Everest Foundation and the Percy Sladen Trust, and surveying

The Lichen Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

more elevated regions of Cuba and much like parts of the Bahamas. Perhaps a bigger factor is the few collections yet made in the Bermudas and along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. There is the physical difficulty of collecting in swampy regions and the financial difficulty of visiting many distant islands. The following species not included in this paper are reported to occur in Louisiana: F. cobrensis, F. citciullata and F. gyinmotis, all of which are more southern in range and merely breaking over the southern boundary into the United States. DIX: LICHEN COLLECTION

Glaciological and Botanical Studies in Northern Ellesmere Island, 1959

The writers spent the summer season from May 18 to August 18 in the region of the Gilman Glacier, about 82°08'N, 70°57'W, in northeastern Ellesmere Island. The investigations undertaken under a Banting grant in aid were mainly complementary to the glaciological and botanical work of the expedition Operation sponsored by the Defence Research Board of Canada in 1957-8. The work of the party can be divided into four separate phases. After arrival at the Gilman Glacier camp of 1958 on May 18, supplies and equipment were moved from there to a new camp at the glacier snout. Some food and other stores were cached on a nunatak at the east side of the glacier. During this period all ablation and movement stakes that had been established in 1957-8 were visited by Sagar in order to gather ablation and accumulation data for 1958. By June 1, after the base camp had been established some 120 yards from the glacier snout, a series of meteorological and radiation observations was started, but a full program could not be begun until June 13 after all installations had been completed. During this second period the ablation stakes on the lower 8 miles of the glacier were examined. Additional ablation stakes were installed in the face of the snout. Botanical reconnaissance surveys of the snout area and neighbouring slopes were made by Powell. From June 13 to August 5 systematic series of synoptic and micro-meteorological readings were taken, but they were occasionally interrupted by other duties or by breakdown of equipment. Surveys of the glacier terminus, visits to a nearby drift glacier and to a small valley glacier were also made. Investigations of plant ecology and of plant communities in specific areas of the Lake Hazen-Gilman Glacier region were carried out. Less detailed meteorological observations only could be undertaken from August 6 to 17 after heavy and bulky equipment had been removed by helicopter to the USCGS icebreaker Westwind. Dr. G. F. Hattersley-Smith joined the party during this final period and took part in the glaciological work. All glacier stations were revisited in order to collect ablation data. Late summer plant and seed collections were made by Powell. The party left the glacier camp on August 18 and walked to the east shore of Lake Hazen where they were picked up by an R.C.A.F. plane on the 24th. A preliminary examination of the glaciological data allows one to draw certain conclusions. A direct comparison with some relevant records of 1957 and 1958 shows that accumulation of snow was approximately the same in each of the three years. In 1959 ablation was appreciably less than in 1958 and still more so than in 1957. The ablation season of 1959 was shorter and probably cooler than those of 1957 and 1958. Linear snout recession due to melting was relatively small in 1959. The present morphology of the glacier terminus indicates that a slight readvance of the ice during a whole year may be taking place at present. A close relationship between the amount of ablation over the lower part of the glacier and the solar radiation income was observed. It is hoped to present the results of the glaciological investigations in full in a later paper in which both the ablation process and the structural changes at the snout will be discussed. The botanical studies served to confirm distributional features noted before. Further ecological and phenological notes on flowering plants were taken and collections of all the species found were made. The collections of higher plants and less complete collections of mosses, lichens, and fungi have been deposited in the National Museum of Canada. Among the collections are a number of holarctic range extensions. The phenological data for 1959 as compared with those for 1958 support the evidence that the summer of 1959 was cooler than that of the previous years. ...

The Lichen Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

The Lichen Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

Notes on the Collection and Preservation of Lichens

Notes on the Collection and Preservation of Lichens

Lichens of Arctic America. III. A Collection of Lichens from Southampton Island by J. C. Ritchie

Lichens of Arctic America. III. A Collection of Lichens from Southampton Island by J. C. Ritchie