Collective Information Research Articles

Empirical analysis of the integration mechanism of explicit and implicit education on the ideological and political education and impact on mental health: The perspective of new media.

Education nowadays should be a combination of explicit and implicit education, which can effectively improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education, promote the development of ideological and political education in universities, and ensure the quality of ideological and political education in universities. This study makes an empirical analysis of the integration mechanism of explicit education and implicit education of ideological and political education from the perspective of new media. A total of 1,050 students were included from the polytechnic university of China in the analysis. Questions regarding age, sex, source of information collections, Internet time, type of browsers used, and the influence of the Internet were asked of the students. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire was administered to measure the students' depressive symptoms. A comprehensive study was done to prove the depressive symptoms in students from the perspective of new media. A total of 78 % of students collected information from the Internet, and 1 % of students collected information from books. Most of the students spent more than 1 h on the Internet per day. It was concluded from the data that 245 college students were always influenced by the Internet, accounting for 24%, and 730 college students were occasionally influenced by the Internet, accounting for 73%. Forty-two college students do not influence the Internet, accounting for 4%. It can be seen that 95.6% of college students will be affected by the Internet compared with those who will never be affected by the Internet. Therefore, the new media network has high popularity among college students, as online time accounts for a large proportion of their study time. From the perspective of new media, the integration of explicit and implicit education in ideological and political education is feasible. In today's information age, education implementers need to use a large number of new media images to enable students to accept education in the integration mechanism. From the perspective of new media, it is also necessary to innovate the forms of reports, establish the integration mechanism of explicit education and implicit education, strengthen educational links and interactive exchanges, and promote university education.

The Impact of Nonrandom Missingness in Surveillance Data for Population-Level Summaries: Simulation Study.

BackgroundSurveillance data are essential public health resources for guiding policy and allocation of human and capital resources. These data often consist of large collections of information based on nonrandom sample designs. Population estimates based on such data may be impacted by the underlying sample distribution compared to the true population of interest. In this study, we simulate a population of interest and allow response rates to vary in nonrandom ways to illustrate and measure the effect this has on population-based estimates of an important public health policy outcome.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to illustrate the effect of nonrandom missingness on population-based survey sample estimation.MethodsWe simulated a population of respondents answering a survey question about their satisfaction with their community’s policy regarding vaccination mandates for government personnel. We allowed response rates to differ between the generally satisfied and dissatisfied and considered the effect of common efforts to control for potential bias such as sampling weights, sample size inflation, and hypothesis tests for determining missingness at random. We compared these conditions via mean squared errors and sampling variability to characterize the bias in estimation arising under these different approaches.ResultsSample estimates present clear and quantifiable bias, even in the most favorable response profile. On a 5-point Likert scale, nonrandom missingness resulted in errors averaging to almost a full point away from the truth. Efforts to mitigate bias through sample size inflation and sampling weights have negligible effects on the overall results. Additionally, hypothesis testing for departures from random missingness rarely detect the nonrandom missingness across the widest range of response profiles considered.ConclusionsOur results suggest that assuming surveillance data are missing at random during analysis could provide estimates that are widely different from what we might see in the whole population. Policy decisions based on such potentially biased estimates could be devastating in terms of community disengagement and health disparities. Alternative approaches to analysis that move away from broad generalization of a mismeasured population at risk are necessary to identify the marginalized groups, where overall response may be very different from those observed in measured respondents.

Preconception reproductive health and birth outcome cohort in Chongqing: the cohort profile

Birth cohort is an important platform to study the effect of early-life exposure on health outcome, but large cohorts to investigate the effect of preconception exposure, especially paternal exposure, on reproductive health and birth outcome are limited. The Preconception Reproductive Health and Birth Outcome Cohort (PREBIC) is a prospective birth cohort study which pays equal attention to the contribution of environmental, psychological, behavioral as well as other factors to reproductive health and adverse birth outcomes in both men and women in Chongqing, China. PREBIC started in 2019 and plans to recruit 20 800 reproductive-age couples with child-bearing willingness. Followed up was conducted to understand the conception status of the women within two years. Women in pregnancy would be visited at first, second, third trimesters and after delivery. The offspring would be monitored until 2 years old to understand the incidences of preterm birth, low birth weight, birth defects, neurodevelopmental disorders and other outcomes. Related information and biospecimen collections (including semen, peripheral blood, urine, placenta, umbilical cord, cord blood and oral swab) were scheduled in each period. By January 2022, PREBIC had recruited 8 698 participants from all 38 districts in Chongqing. The goal of PREBIC is to establish one of the largest prospective preconception birth cohorts covering both men and women, which might provide a unique insight to understand the effects of the full reproductive cycle on reproductive health and adverse outcomes, with especial emphasis on preconception exposures.

Dynamic Cryptography Integrated Secured Decentralized Applications with Blockchain Programming

Blocks and chains are the building blocks of the blockchain, which is a community network. Blocks and chains are two terms used to describe collections of data information. The most fundamental need for a blockchain is that these postings be connected by cryptography, which is the case here. Cryptography. the entries in each block are added to as the list grows. Although the concept of blockchain cryptography is difficult, we have made it easier for you to understand. Asymmetric-key cryptography and hash functions are used in blockchains. Hash functions provide participants with a complete image of the internet. The SHA-256 hashing algorithm is often used in blockchains. In Bitcoin, where addresses are tracked by public-private key pairs, blockchains are often used. The public key in blockchain cryptography is a person's address. All participants have access to the participant's public key. The private key is used to get access to the address database and to authorise activities using the address. To ensure the integrity of the blockchain ledger, encryption plays a key role. Each event on the blockchain is recorded using encrypted data. As long as each user has access to their cryptographic keys, they may buy or trade cryptocurrencies. The root hashes of all transactions are stored in blockchains via cryptographic hashing. If somebody attempts to tamper with any data upon that blockchain, the main hash will have a completely new hash. Root hash comparisons may be performed on any other system to check whether the data is safe.

Data-driven Urban Design

Nicholas Negroponte and MIT’s Architecture Machine Group speculated in the 1970s about computational processes that were open to participation, incorporating end-user preferences and democratizing urban design. Today’s ‘smart city’ technologies, using the monitoring of people’s movement and activity patterns to offer more effective and responsive services, might seem like contemporary interpretations of Negroponte’s vision, yet many of the collectors of user information are disconnected from urban policy making. This article presents a series of theoretical and procedural experiments conducted through academic research and teaching, developing user-driven generative design processes in the spirit of ‘The Architecture Machine’. It explores how new computational tools for site analysis and monitoring can enable datadriven urban place studies, and how these can be connected to generative strategies for public spaces and environments at various scales. By breaking down these processes into separate components of gathering, analysing, translating and implementing data, and conceptualizing them in relation to urban theory, it is shown how data-driven urban design processes can be conceived as an open-ended toolkit to achieve various types of user-driven outcomes. It is argued that architects and urban designers are uniquely situated to reflect on the benefits and value systems that control data-driven processes, and should deploy these to deliver more resilient, liveable and participatory urban spaces.

Collective information-based particle swarm optimization for multi-fuel CHP economic dispatch problem

Multi-fuel combined heat and power economic dispatch (MF-CHPED) is a highly non-convex and challenging optimization problem in power system operation. The traditional particle swarm optimization algorithms often suffer from premature convergence and low efficiency when solving the MF-CHPED problem. Collective intelligence is a cutting-edge technology in the evolutionary computation. In this paper, using the concept from collective intelligence, a novel collective information-based particle swarm optimization (CIBPSO) algorithm is proposed. In CIBPSO, two new collective information (CI)-based strategies namely CI-based particle search and CI-based elite fine-tuning are developed. First, in the CI-based particle search strategy, the global best position in traditional particle update equation is replaced by a newly-defined CI-based best solutions, which helps to enhance swarm diversity and alleviate premature convergence. Second, in the CI-based elite fine-tuning strategy, more computing resources are assigned to the elite solutions by using the information of CI-based best solutions, which is beneficial to improve the search efficiency. The proposed CIBPSO algorithm is applied to solve four different MF-CHPED problems considering different operating constraints. By comparing with six well-regarded optimization algorithms, it is found that CIBPSO achieves the overall best results in terms of solution accuracy, stability and convergence. In addition, the effectiveness of the two new CI-based strategies is discussed.

Pathway Tools Management of Pathway/Genome Data for Microbial Communities.

The Pathway Tools (PTools) software provides a suite of capabilities for storing and analyzing integrated collections of genomic and metabolic information in the form of organism-specific Pathway/Genome Databases (PGDBs). A microbial community is represented in PTools by generating a PGDB from each metagenome-assembled genome (MAG). PTools computes a metabolic reconstruction for each organism, and predicts its operons. The properties of individual MAGs can be investigated using the many search and visualization operations within PTools. PTools also enables the user to investigate the properties of the microbial community by issuing searches across the full community, and by performing comparative operations across genome and pathway information. The software can generate a metabolic network diagram for the community, and it can overlay community omics datasets on that network diagram. PTools also provides a tool for searching for metabolic transformation routes across an organism community.

Specialised Media Monitoring Tool to Observe Situational Awareness

The 21st century witnessed the rise of the digital age via the evolution of the Internet. A direct result of the established digital era is the growth of digital media. Although traditional media, such as print and broadcasting, remains relevant, the low accessibility and limited reach impact the effectiveness of such media. In comparison, digital media, such as social media, provides access to vast collections of open-source information. The open-source information available on digital media platforms is current and easily accessible. However, conversion of open-source information into intelligence becomes a time-consuming and quite ineffective process due to the large quantities of information available. Open-source intelligence (OSINT) tools attempt to address such limitations by offering technological solutions that provide access to up to date, as well as easily searchable digital information. Thus, OSINT tools, such as Shodan and Maltego, streamline the conversion of open-source information into intelligence. This paper introduces the design of a new but specialised media monitoring tool to assist with the monitoring of open-source information towards enabling situational awareness. The key design feature of this new media monitoring tool is to offer versatility by guiding the collection of open-source information. Controlling the amount of information gathered in turn improves the efficiency of the processes used to extract intelligence. The obtained intelligence, thus, enables the observation of situational awareness of chosen aspects within a secure environment. Also discussed in this paper is the motivation behind the design of the specialised media monitoring tool, as well as various design considerations, are taken to ensure effective usage of the tool. The paper concludes by discussing the various benefits offered by the specialised media monitoring tool concerning observing situational awareness.

Multilevel Analysis of the Nutritional and Health Status among Children and Adolescents in Eastern China.

We aimed to identify multiple nutritional health problems and the relevant factors among children and adolescents aged 7–17 years. This study was part of the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016–2017, conducted in Jiangsu Province in eastern China. After sampling, 3025 school-age children and adolescents were enrolled into this study. Demographic information collections and anthropometric measurements were conducted by trained local Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) staff. Venous blood in the amount of 6 mL was drawn from each participant in the morning and used for testing biochemical and nutritional indicators. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and Poisson regression analysis were used for overnutrition- and undernutrition-related disorders to test relevant personal, parental, and household factors. The prevalence of wasting, overweight, and obesity was 5.5%, 14.8%, and 12.7%, respectively. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was prevalent among 5.1% of participants. Among the study participants, 29.5% had hyperuricemia. The overall prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high total cholesterol (TC) of all participants was 4.8% and 7.4%, respectively. 0.9% of the participants had vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and 14.6% had marginal vitamin A deficiency; 25.1% had vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and 54.5% had inadequate vitamin D levels. Anemia was present in 4.0% of all participants. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 4.8%. Demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, parents’ characteristics, and family characteristics were associated with these multiple malnutrition disorders. The double burdens of malnutrition, which includes overnutrition- and undernutrition-related diseases, were prevalent among the school-age children and adolescents in Jiangsu Province in eastern China. There were various factors related to different nutritional problems. Thus, health education focusing on behavior intervention and nutrition education are necessary in containing nutritional problems among children.

Fatigue damage evaluation of steel bridges considering thermal effect

With the change of external environmental factors, thermal loads are changing and causing fluctuating thermal stresses in critical fatigue details of steel bridges, which contribute to fatigue damage cumulation significantly. This paper proposed two fatigue evaluation methods considering the coupling effects of traffic load and thermal load: (1) Evaluation based on vehicular fatigue load model (VFLM) and thermal fatigue load model (TFLM). (2) Evaluation based on measurements of thermal load and traffic load. The analytical approach for obtaining the thermal fatigue load model was introduced, and the concept of the coupling stress model of ‘wave-surfer model’ was set up according to the mechanism of fatigue damage cumulation. Taking a steel box girder bridge as a case study, the collections of temperature data and traffic information were carried out. The two evaluation methods based on different load information were applied to two typical fatigue details, and the corresponding fatigue damage was calculated, which demonstrates that thermal effects should be taken into account for fatigue evaluation.

Unfavorable Dietary Quality Contributes to Elevated Risk of Ischemic Stroke among Residents in Southwest China: Based on the Chinese Diet Balance Index 2016 (DBI-16).

Background: Little is known about the effects of dietary quality on the risk of ischemic stroke among Southwest Chinese, and evidence from prospective studies is needed. We aimed to evaluate the associations of ischemic stroke with dietary quality assessed by the Chinese Diet Balance Index 2016 (DBI-2016). Methods: The Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study (GPHCS) recruited 9280 residents aged 18 to 95 years from 12 areas in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. Baseline investigations, including information collections of diet and demographic characteristics, and anthropometric measurements were performed from 2010 to 2012. Dietary quality was assessed by using DBI-2016. The primary outcome was incident ischemic stroke diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) until December 2020. Data analyzed in the current study was from 7841 participants with complete information of diet assessments and ischemic stroke certification. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of ischemic stroke associated with dietary quality. Results: During a median follow-up of 6.63 years (range 1.11 to 9.53 years), 142 participants were diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Participants with ischemic stroke had a more excessive intake of cooking oils, alcoholic beverages, and salt, and had more inadequacy in meats than those without ischemic stroke. (p < 0.05). Compared with participants in the lowest quartile (Q1), those in the highest quartile (Q4) of the higher bound score (HBS) and of the dietary quality distance (DQD) had an elevated risk for ischemic stroke, with the corresponding hazard ratios (HRs) of 3.31 (95%CI: 1.57–6.97) and 2.26 (95%CI: 1.28–4.00), respectively, after adjustment for age, ethnic group, education level, marriage status, smoking and waist circumference, and the medical history of diabetes and hypertension at baseline. In addition, excessive intake levels (score 1–6) of cooking oils, excessive intake levels (score 1–6) of salt, and inadequate intake levels (score −12 to −7) of dietary variety were positively associated with an increased risk for ischemic stroke, with the multiple HRs of 3.00 (95%CI: 1.77–5.07), 2.03 (95%CI: 1.33–3.10) and 5.40 (95%CI: 1.70–17.20), respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that unfavorable dietary quality, including overall excessive consumption, excessive intake of cooking oils and salt, or under adequate dietary diversity, may increase the risk for ischemic stroke.

A Semantics for Hyperintensional Belief Revision Based on Information Bases

I propose a novel hyperintensional semantics for belief revision and a corresponding system of dynamic doxastic logic. The main goal of the framework is to reduce some of the idealisations that are common in the belief revision literature and in dynamic epistemic logic. The models of the new framework are primarily based on potentially incomplete or inconsistent collections of information, represented by situations in a situation space. I propose that by shifting the representational focus of doxastic models from belief sets to collections of information, and by defining changes of beliefs as artifacts of changes of information, we can achieve a more realistic account of belief representation and belief change. The proposed dynamic operation suggests a non-classical way of changing beliefs: belief revision occurs in non-explosive environments which allow for a non-monotonic and hyperintensional belief dynamics. A logic that is sound with respect to the semantics is also provided.

Ifá Guiding Principles in Pre-Marital Counselling Towards a Happy Family

The high rate of divorce among both young and older couples is on an increase with several unhappy families living in frustration and uncertainty. This is tied to their unpreparedness before going into marriage and their incompatibility as destiny may not permit the union of both couples in the first place. Though, physical or psychological counselling are important these have not proved effective enough to solve marital problems. The spiritual dimension of views, the unseen, as a way of guidance before going into marriage has becomes imperative in solving marital situations that have atrophied the family settings and the society at large. It is on this basis, that the essence of Ifa divination in enquiring into the fate of a couple coming together as one in holy matrimony cannot be undervalued. In other words, it is a structural foundation towards building a happy marriage. The Christian Orthodox worldview on counselling is also touched upon as a means of comparison with the oldest Christian denomination. The spiritual compatibility of the couple is important, and far more than the physical understanding of blood group genotype, temperament, sexual compatibility, communication skill etc. This paper, therefore, aims at establishing the place of Ifa divination in a couple’s pre-marital counselling, as an important requirement before going into marriage. Twenty (20) Ifa priests were interviewed across southwestern Nigeria. Collections of information were content analysed, resulting in a recommendation for spiritual enquiries into the compatibility of couples before going into marriage

Biodiversity 4.0: Standardizing biodiversity protocols for the private sector

Ensuring the preservation of biodiversity is essential for humankind, as the ecosystem services it provides are directly linked to human well-being and health. The private sector has increasingly recognized the need to achieve Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) through measurable indicators and effective data collection (Rashed 2021). Extensive field research is often needed for private sector initiatives to generate socio-economic and environmental assessments, which usually requires hiring service providers. Regarding environmental and biodiversity information collections, the wide variety of data requires service providers to be specialized in many types of information, and therefore able to collect data on fauna and flora, soil and its microorganisms, genetic and evolutionary data, monitoring of the climate, conservation, and restoration areas, among many others. Long-term monitoring, a generally common demand for the private sector (e.g., Shackelford (2018)), also relies on collecting various types of data often surveyed, gathered, and stored in a non-standardized fashion. The lack of data standardization makes it difficult to integrate information into central databases (Henle 2013), creating a new demand to extract and convert data from different reports, which is often time and energy-consuming, and cost-ineffective. This task is generally conducted by non-specialists and may result in misinterpretation and digitization failures, compromising information quality. The digital standardization of data is a key solution for solving these problems (Kuhl 2020), increasing efficiency in the collection, curation, and sharing of data, improving the quality and accuracy of the information, and reducing the risk of misinterpretation. The primary advantage is that the same professional who collects the data will digitize it into a common database. The direct population of raw information into the database eliminates intermediate data conversion steps optimizing quality. Here, we propose to generate a protocol for data collection in our institution (from the field, labs, museums, herbaria). This protocol is based on consolidated data standards, namely the Darwin Core (DwC). DwC is a glossary of terms that aims to standardize biodiversity information, which enables sharing data publicly. However, we are also creating new customized terms, classes, and respective metadata, such as species interaction, primarily to meet our need for long-term monitoring and assessments that are not covered by standard repositories. To assess the types of surveyed and stored data required, we are interviewing biodiversity researchers from diverse scientific backgrounds about their specific data needs and the definitions of their recommended terms (metadata). Using this method, we aim to involve people in the development process, creating a more inclusive data protocol, ensuring that all possible data demands are covered, making the protocol more likely to be generally accepted. Based on our interviews, one of the main difficulties in using a standardized glossary of terms is many unnecessary or unfillable data. This results from the search for comprehensiveness that also generates excessiveness. Taking this into account, we created a modular logic, selecting the best set of data (from a complete standardized database) for the specific demand or use. For example, if this standard database is used to guide a floral survey, it will most likely not require variables on fauna, caves, hydrology, etc. In this way, the system exports a perfectly customized digital spreadsheet containing the variables that the research team wants to collect, but also recommending other variables of interest that can be obtained during fieldwork, increasing the efficiency and scope of the activity (which may be financially onerous). We intend to make the system compatible with mobile technologies to be used indoors and outdoors, transferring the information directly to a virtual and integrative database. These open data collection protocols could be freely applied in other communities e.g., public research institutions, researchers' fieldwork, and citizen science projects. We want our framework to be FAIR, making our data more Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re-usable, and will integrate the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Location Intelligence, concepts in our projects of long-term biodiversity and environmental field monitoring (Fig. 1).

Replacing “parachute science” with “global science” in ecology and conservation biology

AbstractBiodiversity remains relatively unknown and understudied in many parts of the developing world with significant information gaps, in stark contrast to many areas in the developed world, where knowledge about biodiversity can approach encyclopedic. Access to resources, such as funding, data, information, expertise, and biological collections (often collected by colonial‐era scientists from across the developing world), is often quite limited for developing‐world scientists. The life of a biodiversity scientist in the developing world is therefore one of manifold dilemmas and challenges, as well as numerous opportunities. Although collaborations exist between developing‐world scientists and developed‐world scientists, too many of those collaborations are not deep or permanent, and developing‐world scientists are too often relegated to a subordinate role. The focus in this contribution is on providing suggestions for how to open and build access to resources for developing‐world scientists. Everyone benefits if developing‐world and developed‐world scientists work together collaboratively to pose interesting and novel questions, generate new data, update existing data, carry out analyses, and arrive at interesting insights and interpretations. In this way, the biodiversity science community can replace “parachute” science with “global science.”

Global range expansion history of pepper (Capsicum spp.) revealed by over 10,000 genebank accessions

Genebanks collect and preserve vast collections of plants and detailed passport information, with the aim of preserving genetic diversity for conservation and breeding. Genetic characterization of such collections has the potential to elucidate the genetic histories of important crops, use marker-trait associations to identify loci controlling traits of interest, search for loci undergoing selection, and contribute to genebank management by identifying taxonomic misassignments and duplicates. We conducted a genomic scan with genotyping by sequencing (GBS) derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 10,038 pepper (Capsicum spp.) accessions from worldwide genebanks and investigated the recent history of this iconic staple. Genomic data detected up to 1,618 duplicate accessions within and between genebanks and showed that taxonomic ambiguity and misclassification often involve interspecific hybrids that are difficult to classify morphologically. We deeply interrogated the genetic diversity of the commonly consumed Capsicum annuum to investigate its history, finding that the kinds of peppers collected in broad regions across the globe overlap considerably. The method ReMIXTURE-using genetic data to quantify the similarity between the complement of peppers from a focal region and those from other regions-was developed to supplement traditional population genetic analyses. The results reflect a vision of pepper as a highly desirable and tradable cultural commodity, spreading rapidly throughout the globe along major maritime and terrestrial trade routes. Marker associations and possible selective sweeps affecting traits such as pungency were observed, and these traits were shown to be distributed nonuniformly across the globe, suggesting that human preferences exerted a primary influence over domesticated pepper genetic structure.

Individualized Group Learning

Many massive data sets are assembled through collections of information of a large number of individuals in a population. The analysis of such data, especially in the aspect of individualized inferences and solutions, has the potential to create significant value for practical applications. Traditionally, inference for an individual in the dataset is either solely relying on the information of the individual or from summarizing the information about the whole population. However, with the availability of big data, we have the opportunity, as well as a unique challenge, to make a more effective individualized inference that takes into consideration of both the population information and the individual discrepancy. To deal with the possible heterogeneity within the population while providing effective and credible inferences for individuals in a dataset, this article develops a new approach called the individualized group learning (iGroup). The iGroup approach uses local nonparametric techniques to generate an individualized group by pooling other entities in the population which share similar characteristics with the target individual, even when individual estimates are biased due to limited number of observations. Three general cases of iGroup are discussed, and their asymptotic performances are investigated. Both theoretical results and empirical simulations reveal that, by applying iGroup, the performance of statistical inference on the individual level are ensured and can be substantially improved from inference based on either solely individual information or entire population information. The method has a broad range of applications. An example in financial statistics is presented.

Methods and Developments in Graphical Pangenomics.

Pangenomes are organized collections of the genomic information from related individuals or groups. Graphical pangenomics is the study of these pangenomes using graphical methods to identify and analyze genes, regions, and mutations of interest to an array of biological questions. This field has seen significant progress in recent years including the development of graph based models that better resolve biological phenomena, and an explosion of new tools for mapping reads, creating graphical genomes, and performing pangenome analysis. In this review, we discuss recent developments in models, algorithms associated with graphical genomes, and comparisons between similar tools. In addition we briefly discuss what these developments may mean for the future of genomics.

Training and Coaching Model Design as A Solutions for Women’s Microentrepreneurs Community (KOTA PELANGI) Problems

Microentrepreneurs activities contribute to economic growth and social empowerment. KOTA PELANGI is one of women’s microentrepreneurs community that actively works to empower women in South Jakarta. Nevertheless, this community faces problems and limitations. The objective of this study is to design proper training and coaching as a solutions of those problems. The activities were conducted by data and information collections, field survey, observation, exploration, and design of the program. Results showed that more than 50% of community members work in the food business area. There are five priority problems faced by this community: marketing strategy, product quality and innovation, capital, equipment and facilities, employee and business management, business certification, and packaging. The model designed to solve each problem by training, coaching, and monitoring which is supported by various programs. The programs designed to solve the problems and increase the knowledge of community members, so they can manage their business better.

Comment letter to OMB, Control Numbers 0651-0031 and -0032 30-day notice, &lt;i&gt;Initial Patent Applications and Patent Processing&lt;/i&gt; (Jan. 3, 2021)

There’s a $ 3 to 4 billion dollar bootleg outstanding in 0651-0031, involving three collections of information. The change of administrations offers a good time to resolve it with nobody taking the blame. In 2012, the PTO (Patent and Trademark Office) ran a 60-day notice that would have, for the first time, recognized “Amendments and Responses” as an information collection that requires approval.1 The PTO’s three long-neglected collections of information totaled over 8 million hours, times an attorney hourly rate of $340, for a total of over $ 3 billion. These estimates were included in a Supporting Statement that the PTO filed with OMB in January 2013.2 However, for reasons not explained in the record, the relevant information collections were removed from a July 2013 Supporting Statement,3 and that July Supporting Statement was approved.