Collection Of Excerpts Research Articles

Ein Psalmenkommentar Haimos von Auxerre: perierat, et inventus est

<?page nr="227"?>Abstract In a 1945 article the discovery of a genuine Psalms commentary by Remigius of Auxerre was announced, even in two versions. But it could be shown that only version 2 was genuine. Then the question arose whether Remigius was the author of this commentary or another Auxerre exegete. Already at the end of the fifteenth century the very learned biographer and bibliographer Trithemius had ascribed a Psalm commentary”lib. 1” to Haimo (of Halberstadt, whom he confused with Haimo of Auxerre). Further research showed that there are indeed many common features between the text of this version 2 Psalms commentary and the writings of Haimo of Auxerre, especially his Ezechiel commentary and his “Scolia quaestionum,” a collection of excerpts, often containing solutions of exegetical problems, which Haimo frequently used in his exegesis. These common features consist not only of the same use of exegetical themes such as the Last Judgment but also of criticism of worldly as well as ecclesiastical authorities, references to old heresies and showing their impact in modern times, the pointing out of irony, the interest in titles of rulers in the East and the West, the treatment of unusual topics such as cannibalism, and a common stylistic feature: the consistent use of ‘beatus‘ in refererences to early exegetes such as Augustine, Jerome, even Cassiodorus. Thus it became apparent that indeed Haimo of Auxerre has to be considered as the author of version 2 of this Psalms commentary.

R. B. Woodward's Letters: Revealing, Elegant and Commanding

A collection of excerpts from letters written by R. B. Woodward to his friends, colleagues, young students and others is presented. These excerpts are representative of Woodward's lengthy correspondence and illustrate many aspects of his personality and philosophies of life.

An Astrological Handbook from the Reign of Manuel I Komnenos

Attached to the horoscope of John Synadinos, dated 5 February 1153, and its interpretation is a collection of astrological excerpts possibly put together to provide the client with specific details about astrological enquiries. The whole forms a rudimentary manual of astrology, which, in many respects, represents scientific trends of the mid-12th century. Not only does it integrate Arabic material, it is also in keep with the astrological fervour that seized many in Manuel's reign. The handbook is striking for its prudent conviction of the orthodoxy of this science; its audience was likely to be found among a literate public outside the realm of scholars and professional astrologers, or even the imperial court itself, however. In many ways, the simplicity of this collection of excerpts and its didactic purposes are also reminiscent of astrological poems that circulated at the time, especially John Kamateros' Introduction to Astronomy and Constantine Manasses' verses to the Sebastokratorissa Irene.

Leibniz's Concept of Substance and his Reception of John Calvin's Doctrine of the Eucharist

Leibniz saw the question of the eucharist as a crucial stumbling block to the agreement between Lutherans and Calvinists. Mandated together with Daniel Ernst Jablonsky to prepare working documents for the negotiations between Hanover and Brandenburg in 1697, Leibniz carefully read through the Calvinist Confessions of faith and the works of Calvin in their 1671 edition. He made an extensive collection of excerpts from the Confessions of faith and from Calvin's Institutes all intended to show that Calvinists admitted the substantial presence of Christ's body in the eucharist. (This collection of excerpts is analysed here for the first time and compared with another little-known document, the Unvorgreiffliches Bedencken). L. had argued previously in 1691/92 that, contrary to the assertions of Pellisson-Fontanier, his own conception of substance and of Christ's presence in the eucharist was completely different from Calvin's. However, by 1697, it was clear to Leibniz that Calvin's concept of substance, which was broadly speaking Aristotelian, was never defined clearly by the reformer, and could be made to coincide with Leibniz's own notion of substance as force rather than substance in its dimensional sense. At the same time L. dissociated Ubiquitarianism (doctrine characteristic of late sixteenth century Lutheranism, which defended the dimensional presence of Christ's body in heaven and in the eucharist, by arguing that Christ in his divine nature could cause his physical body to be present in several places at the same time) from Lutheranism. He also drove a wedge between the doctrines of Zwingli and Calvin. L. thus attempted to find religious union on a common ontology and he might well have succeeded if it were not for complex political circumstances, which ultimately caused the failure of the negotiations.

To compose, read, and use a Byzantine text: aspects of the chronicle of Constantine Manasses

Constantine Manasses’ Synopsis Chronike is a twelfth-century verse chronicle, recasting Byzantine history in a specifically Comnenian, romantic and poetic vein. The chronicle has been preserved in many manuscripts, but it has also come down to us in a number of different collections of excerpts. This article wishes to draw attention to the readers! excerptors of the Synopsis Chronike, to consider the use and usefulness of the text in relation to the composition itself. Some collections of excerpts are compared and discussed, with special focus on the excerpts included in a fifteenth-century miscellaneous manuscript (Codex Upsaliensis Graecus 8).

Thomas Jefferson Forgetting the Ladies

Thomas Jefferson Forgetting the Ladies Martha Saxton (bio) Jon Kukla . Mr. Jefferson's Women. New York: Knopf, 2007. 279 pp. Illustrations, notes, and index. $26.95 (cloth); $14.95 (paper). Thomas Jefferson's racism, his slave holding, his exploitation of Sally Hemings still give us pain. Renewing the ache of those familiar wounds is Gary Nash and Graham Russell Gao Hodges' recent revelation that Jefferson welched on a promise he made to the Polish patriot, Tadeusz Kosciuszko to free his slaves although Kosciuszko set aside considerable money to reimburse Jefferson for their "value."1 And Jon Kukla's Mr. Jefferson's Women, a narrative and critique of the founding father's relationships with some of the important women in his life, makes us wish yet again that he had behaved better. Do we ask too much of him? Is the fault in the questions we pose, or his violation of the ideals he articulated so unforgettably? The questions historians pose of the author of the Declaration of Independence naturally come from a desire to understand Jefferson and his time but they almost inevitably come as well from our anguish as citizens over the defects in the democracy whose birth Jefferson attended. These overlapping and over-determined purposes transmit a sense of urgency and drama to work on Jefferson, but also mean that much rides on his weaknesses. Kukla, noticing the inadequacy of the personal and presentist responses of historians to the initial confirmation of Jefferson's affair with Sally Hemings, set about to provide a historicized view of the founder's relationships with women. The result is a telling collection of Jefferson's encounters with a number of women. (As Kukla's title hints, this book is about Mr. Jefferson, not his women. His portraits of Rebecca Burwell, Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson, Maria Cosway, Sally Hemings, and others are sensitive to the sexism of Jefferson and the period, but the sketches are in service of Kukla's investigation of Jefferson and not to give us new views of these women.) Jon Kukla demonstrates that Jefferson was a selfish suitor, father, and husband in private and was cold to progressive dreams about the possibilities for women in political life. Kukla's tight focus on women and gender provides a story that is readable and thought provoking about Jefferson's relations with women as well as with men. He misses some opportunities to provide the context to broaden [End Page 507] our understanding of white women's experience in the southern family and of enlightenment thinking about women and the family, which would serve to temper our disappointment with Jefferson. He also fails to follow some trails that might reach deeper into the personal Jefferson, potentially revealing even more about the political Jefferson. But this work helps us grasp something important about the elusive Jefferson. Kukla begins his story with Jefferson's youthful infatuation with Rebecca Burwell. Burwell turned down this anxious young man's halting offer of marriage and chose for a husband the more ardent and direct Jacquelin Ambler. Jefferson already battered by fear, self-consciousness, and ambivalence acquired, in the wake of Burwell's turndown, crippling headaches that would, for many years to come, afflict him in times of stress. Kukla marks Burwell's rejection as an important turning point in Jefferson's life and behavior, arguing that it "fuelled the misogyny of Jefferson's twenties and aroused a more predatory attitude toward women that ended in a series of unwelcome advances toward a married neighbor" (p. 17). Unresolved in this tale of initiation is the question of the origins of Jefferson's unhappiness. Kenneth Lockridge and Douglas Wilson who have studied Jefferson's Literary Commonplace book, a collection of excerpts from writers that includes an early period of virulent woman-hating quotations, both date the young Jefferson's deepest period of misogyny to the years before 1762, two years before Rebecca Burwell rejected him. Lockridge argues that the period corresponds roughly to the years between the death of his father and Jefferson's attaining his majority. And he concludes, as others have, that Jefferson's antagonist in these pages must be his widowed mother.2 Kukla doesn't...

Chiricahua Apache Enduring Power: Naiche's Puberty Ceremony Paintings (review)

346Southwestern Historical QuarterlyJanuary The second section of the book (pp. 139-472), Que hablen ellos ("Let Them Talk"), is a collection of excerpts from primary sources, some of them previously unpublished. This section contains recurrent explanatory digressions through which the author expands on many ofthe topics oudined in the first section. The documents fall into six thematic chapters, respectively dealing with the natural scenery, the roles of the Crown and the Church, warfare, economy and society, and culture, with some overlap in dieir contents. In the closing chapter, the author discusses the relative lack of significance of this region in the historiography of Spain and Mexico, as compared to the pervasiveness of the Western frontier in U.S. historiography. Jiménez sets forth two aims; the first is to highlight die extension and complexity of New Spain's northern frontier dirough die use of documents from the colonial period. The second goal is to advocate an approach to the study of the Great North within the larger framework of the Spanish Empire. Through his discriminatory choice ofdocuments,Jiménez has, nevertheless, turned diis goal into an overbearing premise that, to some extent, inhibits the achievement of his first objective. By concentrating almost exclusively on letters audiored by ecclesiastical, military, and civil authorities, institutional similarities common to die different regions of northern New Spain, and even to other parts of the Spanish Empire, become apparent. A more diverse selection of sources could have been used to identify historical developments peculiar to some areas, or to unveil die miscellaneous experiences of the diverse ethnic and social groups diat coexisted in the region.Judicial depositions could have been utilized to incorporate perspectives of Native Americans or Hispanic women through dieir own testimonies. Quantitative data could have been instrumental in illustrating socioeconomic and demographic processes that deserve more attention dian they receive in die book (for example, Indian demographic decline). Jimenez's encyclopedic knowledge ofthe history ofnorthern New Spain, along with his admirable ability to synthesize, is evident throughout the book, making it particularly recommendable to the lay reader. Undergraduates and scholars will also find useful tools at the end of the volume: a comprehensive analytical index, and a carefully chosen bibliography. All in all, while readers familiar with the American historiography on the so-called Spanish Borderlands are not the target audience of El Gran Norte de México, Jimenez's work is a praiseworthy and much needed contribution to the Spanish-language literature on Northern New Spain. Texas State University-San ManosJoaquín Rivaya-Martínez ChxricahuaApacL·EnduringPower: Naiche'sPuberty Ceremony Paintings. ByTrudy GriffinPierce . (Tuscaloosa: University ofAlabama Press, 2006. Pp. 208. Maps, illustrations , color plates, references, index. ISBN 0817353674. $32.95, paper.) Although ostensibly a discussion of only a small number of die Chiricahua leader Naiche's paintings, Trudy Griffin-Pierce's book is far more than that. Drawing 2oo8Book Reviews347 extensively on theories by Clifford Geertz, Antonio Gramsci, Edward Said, Keidi Basso, medical anthropologists, and odiers, she provides some of the freshest and most illuminating perspectives on both Apaches and Native art I have ever read. Describing herself as a Catawba descendant (but one who clearly has many ties to the Arizona Apache communities), she writes with a deep appreciation for the subject. Griffin-Pierce begins with a general narrative of Apache history. Though odiers have written about the topic extensively, her version is eloquendy written, told with clarity and sensitivity. Indeed, Griffin-Pierce's account could be used as a primer in Chiricahua history, social and political structure, and spiritual traditions for the novice. This narrative is followed by an intricate and moving description ofdie Chiricahua imprisonment at Fort Marion, Florida, showing the daily life during the Chiricahua diaspora. During their captivity at Fort Sill and Mount Vernon in Alabama, more dian one half of the Chiricahuas died, with especially high deadi rates from tuberculosis. Griffin-Pierce also discusses the experience ofChiricahua children at die boarding schools in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, provides a short biography ofNaiche, and explains the importance of the puberty ceremony in Apache life. Almost from the beginning of the Apaches' captivity, the general public's fascination with them as symbols ofallegedly dying primitivism led to the Apaches...

El Gran Norte de México: Una frontera imperial en la Nueva España (1540-1820) (review)

2??8Book Reviews345 including Ysleta, Socorro, and San Elizario. In all likelihood this northern portion will be the part of the Camino Real diat motorists from the United States will explore . The much more interesting part of die road, from the standpoint of travel adventure, however, is the southern section, which is located in Mexico. It is here thatJackson really shines, offering his firsthand travel tips to out-of-die-way places, many that once were important stops on the Camino Real in Mexico and are no longer occupied and tricky to find. An excellent example of the kind of useful information the traveler will find relates to the directions to the silver-mining town of Cusihuiriáchic in the State of Chihuahua. After giving detailed directions that include looking for signs, sleuthing out cross streets, making right-hand and left-hand turns, it must have occurred to the author that there was a pretty good chance the motorist would miss a crucial street or turn. With this in mind, Jackson advises, "If you have trouble, just ask anyone for 'Cusi' and they'll direct you there" (p. 127). This would surely be a welcome suggestion to a lost traveler unsure how to pronounce the tongue-twisting name of their intended destination. With this guide in hand, the traveler should have every confidence in venturing on a Mexican trip into the past of the Camino Real. New Mexico State UniversityRick Hendricks El Gran Norte de Mexico: Una frontera imperial en la Nueva España (?540-1820). By Alfredo Jiménez. (Madrid, Spain: Tébar, 2006. Pp. 536. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. ISBN 8473602218. €28.95, Paper.) The history of northern New Spain has traditionally received litde scholarly attention in Spanish-speaking countries. This remarkable lack of scholarship is particularly noteworthy ifwe take into account the almost inexhaustible wealth of data recorded in Spanish-language documents available in numerous repositories on both sides of the Atlantic. Jimenez's commendable work is an opportune and necessary contribution to put ^n end to such an astonishing neglect. Jimenez's Gran Norte ("Great North") refers to the territories north ofdie Valley of Mexico that were once Spain's borderlands. Central to the author's methodology is his reported attempt "to do ethnographic work" (hacer etnografía) dirough the use ofarchival documents produced by the people who inhabited the Spanish frontier (p. 23). The book is divided into two intrinsically different sections. The first (pp. 27-138) is further subdivided into three chapters, each ofwhich can be read as a separate synthetic essay. Chapter 1 provides a concise but thorough summary of the Iberian background and the institutional framework that shaped the nordiern frontier, situating it widiin the larger context of the Spanish Empire in the Americas. In Chapter 2Jiménez oudines a number of geo-cultural areas, summarily describing the ecological and climatic features of each, along with some of the cultural traits of the main native peoples that inhabited them. Chapter 3 is a brief diachronic narrative of die key processes and events in die history of the "Spanish Great North." 346Southwestern Historical QuarterlyJanuary The second section of the book (pp. 139-472), Que hablen ellos ("Let Them Talk"), is a collection of excerpts from primary sources, some of them previously unpublished. This section contains recurrent explanatory digressions through which the author expands on many ofthe topics oudined in the first section. The documents fall into six thematic chapters, respectively dealing with the natural scenery, the roles of the Crown and the Church, warfare, economy and society, and culture, with some overlap in dieir contents. In the closing chapter, the author discusses the relative lack of significance of this region in the historiography of Spain and Mexico, as compared to the pervasiveness of the Western frontier in U.S. historiography. Jiménez sets forth two aims; the first is to highlight die extension and complexity of New Spain's northern frontier dirough die use of documents from the colonial period. The second goal is to advocate an approach to the study of the Great North within the larger framework of the Spanish Empire. Through his discriminatory choice ofdocuments,Jiménez has, nevertheless...

On War and Leadership: The Words of Combat Commanders from Frederick the Great to Norman Schwarzkopf (review)

Reviewed by: On War and Leadership: The Words of Combat Commanders from Frederick the Great to Norman Schwarzkopf Ronald L. Spiller On War and Leadership: The Words of Combat Commanders from Frederick the Great to Norman Schwarzkopf. By Owen Connelly. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-691-12369-1. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Pp. vii, 347. $19.95. Books of quotations are the literary equivalent of the Christmas fruitcake. Do not pass along Owen Connelly's new collection, however, until you have thoroughly enjoyed it. This collection of excerpts, mostly paragraph-length or longer, presents "the thoughts on leadership of combat commanders" (p. 1). All of these men belong to what Connelly calls "the 'muddy boots' school of leadership" (p. 1). They were all men who understood, in their own ways, what Archibald Wavell wrote in 1941: "The man is the first weapon of battle" (p. 97). After mining Frederick the Great's Principes and Napoleon's Correspondance, "the core of military doctrine for the past 200 years," Connelly explores the thoughts of William T. Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, and John Singleton Mosby (p. 19). He then moves on to T. E. Lawrence and Archibald Wavell. The former fascinates because of his mastery of guerrilla warfare and his observations on his Arab troops. Connelly includes the latter because of his interwar reputation as a theorist and historian. This made Wavell a mentor of sorts to Erwin Rommel, who carried a translation of his Generals and Generalship in North Africa. [End Page 829] World War II commanders whose thought Connelly explores include Rommel, George Patton, Charles de Gaulle, Erich von Manstein, Bernard Montgomery, William Slim, and "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell. Some may think these last two curious choices. They are certainly not as well known as the other men in this collection. The fact that they served in a secondary theater, however, does not diminish their importance or their qualities as commanders. Lord Louis Mountbatten called Slim "the finest general the Second World War produced" (p. 158). Stilwell, "a true democrat," possessed attitudes "more like those of Andrew Jackson and Davy Crockett than his contemporaries" (p. 171). These men are followed by Matthew Ridgway, Moshe Dayan, Vo Nguyen Giap, Harold Moore, Nicholas Vaux (Commander of Royal Marine 42 Commando in the Falklands), and Norman Schwarzkopf. Connelly prefaces the core of his work with an eight-page introduction, a whirlwind history of the last two hundred years of war. More than a few readers may find some comments in this section curious. Civil War historians may take issue with the statement that the Civil War was fought "mostly with smoothbore muskets" while World War II armor specialists might suggest that the T-34/85 or the Panther were better tanks than the Tiger (p. 3). The First Cavalry Division did not operate as an airmobile division during the first Gulf War. Despite these minor flaws, this is an excellent book. Its chronological format, and the fact that, after Frederick and Napoleon, each commander has his own chapter with a short biography and concluding comments, give this book a unity that most collections of this sort do not have. This is a book that is a pleasure to read, not simply dip into. It is an excellent choice for anyone interested in command and leadership of troops. It also would be a useful addition to any military history course covering the past two centuries. Ronald L. Spiller Edinboro University of Pennsylvania Edinboro, Pennsylvania Copyright © 2006 Society for Military History

The Anthology and the Rise of the Novel: From Richardson to George Eliot (review)

REVIEWS/COMPTES RENDUS283 d'en devenir fou » (114). De même, lorsque Bokobza Kahan relève avec justesse à quel point le personnage libertin s'applique à « construire des rôles à l'instar du comédien le plus consommé », c'est pour en conclure à« l'éclatement schizoide » (112). Mais, demandera-t-on, n'est-ce pas réduire alors un fait de civilisation à la singularité d'une structure psychique pathologique, surtout si l'on considère que le brouillage entre les sphères de l'être et du paraître, bien loin de spécifier le libertin, constitue plutôt un trait caractéristique des sociétés de cour ? On remarquera enfin qu'entre la thèse de doctorat et l'ouvrage qui en est tiré, une même hâte semble avoir présidé à la relecture d'un manuscrit que, parfois, dépare la reprise des mêmes citations—à la page 30 et à la page 46, par exemple. Marc André Bernier Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Leah Price. The Anthology and the Rise ofthe Novel: From Richardson to GeorgeEliot Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Paperback, 2003. 232pp. UKl7.99. ISBN 0-521-53939-0. In The Anthology and the Rise ofthe Novel, Leah Price offers a richly detailed view of the novel, the anthology, and compendiums, situating them as responses to shifting ideas of audience, reading practices, and generic conventions . While Price's focus is on anthologies and other edited forms, there is a related attention to skipping: what readers will skip over and skip to, and how authors and editors sought to discourage or facilitate such skipping through various devices, from instructional prefaces to adaptations and collections ofexcerpts that compactly provide the essentials of the text. The novel is crucial to this study, in part, because ofits heteroglossic form: combining plot with ideas, and incorporating fragments of verse and drama through mottoes, quotations, and other interpolations, the novel puts genrespecific reading practices at odds with each other. As Price demonstrates, plot is generally associated with a linearity that tempts the reader to skip rapidly towards the conclusion, while sentiments and ideas are identified with a lingering that fosters contemplation. She persuasively argues that the value attached to such lingering shifted in relation to that ofskipping through the plot: in the eighteenth century, the valorization of lingering over skipping led to the production of myriad volumes that collected maxims and sentiments from Samuel Richardson's novels; by the next century, in part because of a conceptual division of readers by class and gender, lingering had 284 EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FICTION17:2 dwindled to mere "loitering" (151). After a brief introduction, the study proceeds to a chapter on Richardson that concludes with a coda on Sir Walter Scott, who paves the way for the second chapter on pedagogically inflected miscellanies and Romantic-era novelists such as Ann Radcliffe and Susan Ferner; in the third and final chapter, Price extends her discussion of the novel and the materiality of print to situate Eliot's novels within the reading cultures of the Victorian era. In the first chapter, Price addresses a range ofissues related to anthologies and compendiums. Drawing on an impressive array of abridgments and collections ofexcerpts from Richardson's Clarissa, Price analyses the ways in which such volumes demonstrate a concern in the mid-1700s with die moral perils ofreading quickly for plot and so skipping over the edifying sentiments that occupy the interstices of the action. Price then turns from the pace of readerly consumption to the complication of authorial property raised by such edited versions: "within a model of literary property that assigns every text to a single author, collaboration can appear nearly as criminal as the 'theft [and] robbery' to which Richardson compares piracy" (38). This discussion leads to Scott, whose novels, Price suggests, mimic the andiology form through their own collection of fragments and thematization of collection through characters who are themselves collectors. The intertextuality ofthe novel is refigured as anthologistic by a pedagogy that stresses the student's command ofkey textual fragments—the founding premise of the second chapter. Price begins the middle chapter by situating the conventional anthology form as a vehicle for the...

Knowing Mendelssohn: A Challenge from the Primary Sources

The name of Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1809-1847) is familiar to every serious musician, and many of his works are familiar to everyone who has had any exposure to Western art music. He is mentioned at least briefly in every general music-history and music-appreciation textbook and is granted an article in all major encyclopedias of music. He has been the subject of numerous biographies, and most libraries' shelves include at least one of the many published collections of excerpts from his correspondence. His music was widely published during his lifetime, a collected works edition was issued already in the 1870s, and numerous further editions have been issued since then. On the face of it, these observations might suggest that the educated musical public's knowledge of Mendelssohn's life and works is reasonably well-founded. But this impression is misleading, for Mendelssohn remains an elusive figure. Much of his music and the vast majority of his letters remain unpublished; despite an impressive array of reliable editions published in the last few decades, most of the works that have been printed continue to be known primarily through corrupt or otherwise unreliable texts; and substantial quantities of other significant primary source materials have never been studied by scholars or considered in the biographical and critical literature. In short, the evidence on which most modern images of Mendelssohn are based is too limited to be considered representative. Latter-day observers may be familiar with the composer's name, (1) with some aspects of his biography, and with a small portion of his output, but in Mendelssohn's case as with other major composers such one-dimensional knowledge is necessarily discomfiting. Over the last few decades, a remarkable revival of scholarly and general interest in Mendelssohn and his music has been generated by a growing cognizance of the extraordinary quantity, breadth, and import of the primary documents of his life and works; this revival in turn has increased general awareness that conventional views of the composer and his historical significance have been shaped at least as much by specious music-historiographic polemics as by viable historical and aesthetic considerations. (2) But these developments have had little impact beyond the relatively limited circles of Mendelssohn specialists. Music history textbooks, music criticism, and the press in general offer little evidence of any broadened perspective on the composer's life, works, and historical significance. The present remarks propose that the key to a historically and musically viable view of Mendelssohn as composer and nineteenth-century cultural figure is the substantial corpus of little-known primary sources that document his life and work. I begin by exploring some salient developments in Mendelssohn's convoluted reception history, then summarize the historical and modern dispositions of the epistolary, chronographic, and musical primary sources. I conclude with some brief case studies in the insights offered by these documents and a review of some important developments in Mendelssohn research that have been occasioned at least in part by scholars' engagement with little-known source material. For convenience, appendix 1 offers a bibliography of significant Mendelssohn research published since the 1997 commemorative year. The notes in this essay are keyed to those entry numbers whenever possible. (3) PROBLEMS OF RECEPTION HISTORY The widespread acclaim Mendelssohn enjoyed during his lifetime derived in no small part from the compositions he published: seventy-two numbered opera, plus an additional twenty-four minor publications released without opus numbers. Yet it would be misleading to attribute his prestige entirely or even primarily to his efforts as a composer, for his reputation from about 1835 onward also derived from his contributions in other areas of musical endeavor. …

The Zea Mexican Diary: 7 Sept 1926-7 Sept 1986

In May of 1986, the poet Kamau Brathwaite learned that his wife, Doris, was dying of cancer and had only a short time to live. Responding as a poet, he began helplessly and spasmodically to record her passage in a diary. This is a collection of excerpts from that diary and other notes from this period of the Brathwaite lives. The book is a tribute to Doris Brathwaite and an exploration of the creative potency of love. The title comes from the nickname Brathwaite gave Doris, who was originally from Guyana, of part-Amerindian descent. Exposing the intimacy of his marriage, the book is the closest Brathwaite has ever come to an autobiographical statement. In examining his life with Doris he found the courage to reveal something of his own character. But, more than an autobiography, it is an extraordinary work of literature, much of it written in the expressive nation language of Jamaica and the Caribbean. Brathwaite filters his pain through his poetic gift, presenting it to the reader with all the poignancy poetry conveys.

One Touch of Shakespeare: Letters of Joseph Crosby to Joseph Parker Norris, 1875-1878.

A collection of excerpts from 251 letters written by a shy widower and grocer in Zanesville. Ohio, who, in his time, was one of three Americans who could be called learned and eminent Shakespeareans. They are concerned with book collection, stage production, stage history, the state of the English language in Shakespeare's time, criticism, and interpretation of the text.

Jazz: What Happened in Kansas City?

It is generally agreed that in the decades of the 1920s and 1930s there were important developments in jazz centered in City. City had been the home of the Bennie Moten orchestra since the early 1920s; it gave us the Count Basie orchestra with Lester Young in the mid-1930s; and it nurtured Charlie Parker before he came to national prominence in the 1940s. Such a city, such a musical environment, obviously warrants our attention. So far it has been given not nearly enough. Among the reliable sources, there is a highly provocative interlude, From City, a Musician's town . in Hear Me Talkin' to Ya (1955), a collection of excerpts from interviews edited by Nat Shapiro and Nat Hentoff. This section offers then-new quotations from pianist-composer Mary Lou Williams, pianist Sammy Price, drummer Jo Jones, and excerpts from earlier interviews with other participants. The pioneering effort at a history is Frank Driggs's chapter Kansas City and the Southwest, in Jazz (1959), edited by Hentoff and McCarthy, a chapter that Driggs is scheduled to expand into a book to which we can all look forward.

L'esprit, la vérité et l'histoire (review)

BOOK REVIEWS 283 with his intention to kill himself, finds therein a common point of contact and identifies himself with Jerusalem to whom he lends his own motives of his love affair. By means of this phantasy he protects himself against the effect of his experience. Thus Shakespeare is right in his conjunction of poetry with "fine frenzy." According to the editor, Ernst Kris, who provides an excellent preface to the whole volume and very knowledgeable footnotes, Freud developed the above ideas in Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Der Wahn und die Triiume in W. Jensens "Gradiva" (1907), and Der Dichter und dos Phantasieren (1908). Another "note" in the same enclosure gives a "Definition of the Holy": "Holy" is that which consists in the fact that men have sacrificed a part of their freedom of sexual perversion for the good of a larger community. The abhorrence of incest (wicked) is based on the fact that as a result of sexual promiscuity (also in childhnod) the members of the fainily continuously hohl together and become unable to join strangers. It is therefore antisocial. Culture consists in this permanent renunciation. As against this the "superman." Kris comments thus: "This seems to be the earliest formulation of Freud's view that the process of civilization is inimical to drives (Triebfeindlichkeit). It was later on expressed in The "cultural" sexual murder and the modern nervousness (1908), in Totem and Taboo (1912-13), in Das Unbehagen in der Kultur (1929) and in Why War? (1932). This shows clearly, however, that Freud regards the philosophy of Nietzsche as a revulsion against the process of civilization as such, or as one of the symptoms of this revulsion. In a letter of January 1, 1898 (p. 209), Freud gives a definition of happiness: "Happiness is the subsequent fulfillment of a prehistoric wish. Therefore riches bring one very little happiness. Money is no child-wish." "Prehistoric" means here the stage of early unremembered childhood. Freud is a rigorous determinist, and he states in a supplement to a letter of August 27, 1899: "There is nothing arbitrary or undetermined in the psychical." This determinacy concerns even such trivial facts as why Freud imagined the figure of 2467. The self-critical acumen of Freud is remarkable. In a letter of October 31, 1895, shortly after the writing of the Draft of a Psychology, he writes to Fliess (about the latter's ideas): "First impression: Surprise that there is one man who is still more of a visionary than myself and that this happens to be my friend Wilhelm" (p. 116). Freud employs here the expression "Phantast" (for visionary) which means that his own (Freud's) ideas and those of Fliess are "phantastic." This is of course primarily a criticism of Fliess. Professor Kraft-Ebbing (author of Psychopathia sexualis and head of the clinic of nervous diseases in Vienna), who was friendly to Freud and helped him to gain the title of professor of the university but remained sceptical--just as did Breuer--called Freud's theory "a scientific tale" (ein wissenschaftliches Miirchen). MAX RIESER New York City L'esprit, la verit~ et l'histoire. By Giovanni Gentile. Trans. by Joseph Moreau. (Paris: Aubier, 1962. Pp. 331.) Giovanni Gentile (1875--1944), the most thorough-going Hegelian in the whole history of Western philosophy, suffered decline in Italy on the eve of World War II (primarily for political reasons), but in recent years a return to Gentile the philosopher has been increasingly noticeable there and elsewhere. Proof of this renewed interest is the above French edition of Gentile, which is a collection of excerpts from his systematic writings, selected by an indefatigable disciple, Vito A. Bellezza. 284 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY Although this is not the first time that Gentile has been translated into French (a major work of his, L'esprit, acte pur, was published in Paris in 1925), the fact remains nevertheless that his neo-Hegelian system of philosophy fell on deaf ears originally in France, due to the predominance then of Bergsonism and positivi.sm in different areas of French thought. However, as Michele F. Sciacca (another commentator on Gentile) notes in the Preface, the Gentilian system of "actual idealism" should get...

From Arabic Books and Manuscripts V: A One-Volume Library of Arabic Philosophical and Scientific Texts in Istanbul

THE VALUABLE Jarullah ( Carullah ) collection, in the Millet Library in Istanbul, includes, as no. 1279, a large manuscript which, in the handwritten catalogue, is described as a majmutah written in 882-3/1477-8 and containing the following works: Tamarat al-hikmah; llm ilahz; Asrar al-hikmah; Ma ba'd at-tabtah; Dalalat alha'irtn; F[ay'ah; Mabadi al-'aqltyah; and M?bjm(ll ft ahkam an-nujum.l G#lancing through the catalogue, I was reminded by llm iZahz of the treatise ascribed to al-Farabi which was identified by P. liraus as a collection of excerpts from the Enneads of Plotinus. The title Dalalat al-ha'irtn evoked memories of Maimonides whose main philosophical work could hardly be expected to exist in an Arabic manuscript in Istanbul. As it turned out, the manuscript did contain Maimonides' work, and llm i7Xhz was the work which I thought it might be. In addition, the manuscript contained a large number of other works, some of them hitherto unattested in manuscripts and most of them quite rare. Since I have reason to believe that Arabic scholars might be interested in learning about the existence of the manuscript, a brief preliminary description of its main contents is published here. Much more study will be needed to determine and exhaust the treasures of this manuscript. A grant from the Bollingen Foundation enabled me to spend my 1952 summer vacation in Turkey and thus to become acquainted with this manuscript. Through the ever helpful cooperation of the Turkish library authorities, I obtained a microfilm of the largest portion of it which I wanted to be photographed. The Committee on the Advancement of Research of the University of Pennyslvania provided enlargements of the microfilm. The manuscript contains 410 folios, of which

A Collection of Excerpts

A Collection of Excerpts

A Collection of Excerpts: What College Presidents Say

<i>A Collection of Excerpts</i>: What College Presidents Say