Collection Of Artifacts Research Articles

Reasonable Accommodation, Career Development, and Psychological Well-being: Autoethnography as a Method of Qualitative Research

: Individuals with health issues and disabilities tend to encounter difficulties in the workplace, including decreased productivity and lower job performance compared to those without such problems. Nevertheless, creating a workplace environment that accommodates individuals with disabilities can help them overcome workplace obstacles and fulfil their job duties at the same level as disability-free individuals. Providing reasonable accommodation is one practical step in establishing an inclusive environment for those with vision impairments, leading to career development and psychological well-being. This paper focuses on workplace-related autoethnographic stories to explore the fundamental aspects of reasonable accommodation, career development, and psychological well-being for individuals with vision impairments. This study employed the method of autoethnography in qualitative research. Autoethnographic data was collected through personal reflection and the collection of relevant artefacts. Thematic analysis was used for the data analysis procedure. Therefore, having a disability does not necessarily mean an individual cannot do their job to the necessary standard. Visually impaired individuals can excel in their careers and attain psychological well-being when they are part of a workplace environment that is accommodating to their needs. To enhance job performance, career goals, and psychological well-being among employed disabled individuals, it is necessary to define "reasonable accommodation" in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, based on the UN Convention.

Peran Adipati-Adipati Mangkunegaran Dalam Pelestarian Kepurbakalaan Jawa Kuno (1853-1944)

The dukes of Mangkunegaran have always been interested in Old Javanese heritage. As the leader of the area that contains Old Javanese artifacts and sites, there are several efforts to keep the memory of Old Javanese alive. This article explores the role of Mangkunegaran dukes, from Mangkunegara IV to Mangkunegara VII, in Old Javanese heritage. Historical research was conducted in this article. Various sources, such as letters, newspapers, magazines, and buildings were used in this research. It is known that each duke has undertaken different endeavors. Mangkunegara IV was quite active in Old Javanese history writing and artifact collecting. During the time of Mangkunegara V and VI, little was done due to the economic crisis. Mangkunegara VII supported Old Javanese archaeology activities due to his agenda of reconstructing Javanese society with the foundation of Java’s glorious past. This article is important to understand the role of the colonial era kingdom in heritage protection.

Does Play-Based Learning Support Children's Everyday Resiliency? A Cross-Case Analysis of Parents' and Kindergarten Teachers' Perceptions of Play-Based Learning as a Precedent to Young Children's Coping During the Pandemic-Affected 2020-2021 School Year.

Play has long been credited with fostering self-regulation in young children, though few studies have examined how children draw upon early childhood experiences with play to navigate adversity later in childhood. The purpose of this study is to describe the facets of the children's everyday resiliency that were attributed to their play-based experiences by parents and teachers as they reflected on the children's kindergarten experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used a cross-case study design to examine the positive coping strategies parents and teachers observed in three five-year-old girls and one six-year-old boy entering kindergarten during the 2020-2021 pandemic-affected school year. We recruited parent participants based on their child's enrollment at a Reggio Emilia-inspired, play-based early childhood center in Northern Colorado for three or more years prior to entering kindergarten. Once parents enrolled in the study, we extended an invitation to their child's kindergarten teacher to participate. Data included three one-hour interviews with each participant, field visits during remote learning, and artifact collection over the course of the school year. Cross-case analysis revealed four themes: "Willing to Adjust", "Understands the Situation", "Uses Advanced Language", and "Embraces Challenge". Participants describe these children as willing to adjust to public health orders, having a deep understanding of the pandemic's societal repercussions, using sophisticated language to process adversity, and embracing the challenge of becoming kindergarteners. Participants believed these children's experiences with play-based learning promoted the interdisciplinary development of their social language, persistence, altruism, and cognitive flexibility; these traits fostered the children's positive coping strategies throughout the pandemic-affected kindergarten year.

AI MyData: Fostering Middle School Students’ Engagement with Machine Learning through an Ethics-Infused AI Curriculum

As initiatives on artificial intelligence (AI) education in K-12 learning contexts continues to evolve, researchers have developed curricula among other resources to promote AI across grade levels. Yet, there is a need for more effort regarding curriculum, tools, and pedagogy, as well as assessment techniques to popularize AI at the middle school level. Drawing on prior work, we created original curriculum activities with innovative use of existing technology, a new computational teaching tool, and a series of approaches and assessments to evaluate students’ engagement with the learning resources. Our curriculum called AI MyData comprises elements of ML and data science infused with ethical orientation. In this paper, we describe the novel AI curriculum and further discuss how we engaged students in learning and critiquing AI ethical dilemmas. We gathered data from two pilot studies conducted in the Northeast United States, one Artificial Intelligence Afterschool (AIA) program, and one virtual AI summer camp. The AIA program was carried out in a local public school with four middle school students aged 12 to 13; the program consisted of eleven two-hour sessions. The summer camp consisted of two-hour sessions over four consecutive days, with eighteen students aged 12 to 15. We facilitated both pilot programs with hands-on plugged and unplugged activities. The method of capturing data included artifact collection, structured interviews, written assessments, and a pre- to post-questionnaire tapping participants’ dispositions about AI and its societal implication. Participant artifacts, written assessments, survey, observation, and analysis of tasks completed revealed that the children improved in their knowledge of AI. In addition, the AI curriculum units and accompanying approaches developed for this study successfully engaged the participants, even without prior knowledge of related concepts. We also found an indication that introducing ethics of AI to adolescents will help their development as ethically responsive citizens. Our study results also indicate that lessons establishing links with students’ personal lives (e.g., letting students choose personally meaningful datasets) and societal implications using unplugged activities and interactive tools were particularly valuable for promoting AI and the integration of AI in middle school education across the subject domains and settings. Based on these results, we discuss our findings, identify their limitations, and propose future work.

What has the sea taken from us? Cognitive possibilities of studying artefacts from newly-discovered submerged prehistoric sites in Puck Bay (Gulf of Gdańsk, Baltic Sea)

The article presents the latest results of research in the area of the Bay of Puck. After the last glaciation, the Bay of Puck was gradually flooded by sea water. As a result, we can expect submerged Stone Age sites in this area. The article discusses the latest results of underwater research in this area and analyses in detail four new underwater sites from this region, including a loose find of a bâton percé from Hel dated to about 7000 BC, a collection of flint artefacts, including a flint dagger and pottery from Late Neolithic/Protobronze Age site on Seagull Sandbar and two antler adzes from Site 23 in Puck. A typological and technological analysis of the artefacts was carried out, including analyses of working traces and radiocarbon dating.

New data of historical and archaeological topography of Kirov and Slobodskoy ob- tained through 2015–2022 state historical and cultural expertise

The article analyses C-shaped all-cast earrings from complexes dated 4th-7th century. There is a collection of artefacts from 79 monuments (France, Bulgaria, Russia, Ukraine, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria). Precise topological & geodesic data are used to draw the map of embellishments. In the first place C-shaped earrings are found in the Northern Black Sea region. In terms of chronology they were popular for an extended period of time from antiquity (6th-5th century BC till early Middle Ages 4th-5th century AD). C-shaped earrings in complexes of 4th-7th centuries are evident of the Alans’ interference. However, it is assumed that the Huns adopted the Alans’ aesthetics and symbols. Caucasus, Northern Black Sea region and Lower Volga region in the first half of the 1st millennium were occupied by Sarmatian tribes (the Aorsi, the Alans) and the Huns. This territory is found with more than a half of our complex selection with C-shaped earrings. The Danube region (Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria) is another region discovered with archaeological materials that include this jewellery. Besides, C-shaped earrings are found in Brittany in the 5th century burial ground La Mézière (near Orléans), in Burgundy and Normandy. In the South-West France (Occitania, Pyrénées-Orientales) they found a few C-shaped earrings. Two regions in Gaul (France) were mentioned in certain written sources in relation to the Alans’; these regions were also discovered with C-shaped earrings. Volga - Kama - Aral region is registered with 25 closed complexes with C-shaped earrings. Elements of the burial ritual accompanied by tools are described in the table. Both ritualistic elements and tools found in complexes demonstrate homogeneous materials in regions thousands of kilometres apart. Simple C-shaped earrings in Volga - Kama - Aral region can be dated 4th-6th century. Earrings with bunches or pyramids can be dated the second half of the 6th-8th century. These earrings belong to the Sarmatian Alans.

Homebody: Art Therapy and the Art of Possessions

This concept paper is proposing the inclusion of the home studio as an art making location for art therapy trainees who assemble personal belongings, within the context of their domestic lives. A collection of belongings can become an installation which brings together associations to identities in juxtaposition. The material culture of art therapy trainees, the objects which they live by, is a new contribution to art therapy pedagogy, as it designates the art of personal collections as a life archive (or accumulation) that is close at hand and already available. This collection of household artefacts teaches students how to honour the object collections of their clients, who are experts with lived experience of how to arrange legacies of gathering, consumption, inheritance, and gifted items. What follows is a proposal describing how home arrangements can signify personal associations to meaning and to an ethos of respecting what becomes us in terms of what we already own. The home studio is a key concept in this exploration of material culture as it relates to art therapy. This is a recognition of how a curation of possessions (where we place our belongings) is noteworthy as an act of agency and reflective practice within art therapy training and within the lives of those who participate in art therapy services. Recognising the significance of one’s lived-with objects, as navigation points of identity, values the culture of their curator who identifies the meaning of what they own as material assets.

Copyright as an Access Right: Concretizing Positive Obligations for Rightholders to Ensure the Exercise of User Rights

Abstract The legal frameworks that govern access to information are essential for safeguarding a sustainable, creative ecosystem. Institutions, such as libraries, research organizations, educational and other cultural heritage institutions, are gateways to diverse collections of scientific production, media and other cultural artefacts. Enabling access to creative works requires careful balancing of the interest of creators, producers of information, publishers and users of that information. While copyright law has traditionally recognized that rightholders enjoy exclusive rights, courts have only recently emphasized that users of works must also enjoy rights, which better reflects that copyright is based on a social contract with reciprocal obligations. This study explores what positive obligations must be imposed on rightholders as a consequence of the rights users enjoy under copyright law. Although specific access-enabling mechanisms already exist in EU copyright law, they are often not properly implemented or lack efficient enforcement tools. For that purpose, certain exceptions and limitations must be made mandatory, prohibitions on contractual override must apply horizontally, privileged institutions should enjoy enforceable rights to obtain copies on reasonable terms, and the existing ‘lending’ right must become a ‘right to lend’. Supporting these substantive changes is the proposal for a new governance structure for the EU copyright framework through the establishment of an independent EU regulatory body. It is only through a blend of changes that copyright can serve society and that a sound ecosystem for creators and creativity is set up making the EU fit for the knowledge economy.

Harnessing Vernacular Knowledge for Contemporary Sustainable Design through a Collaborative Digital Platform

Vernacular architecture offers valuable technological and typological solutions rooted in knowledge systems that connect environmental, social, economic, and cultural contexts. This paper introduces the Heritage for People Platform, a collaborative digital tool developed under the VerSus+ project (Creative Europe Program), aimed at organising and disseminating vernacular architectural knowledge with a focus on sustainable practices that are both culturally and environmentally conscious. The platform builds upon lessons learned from similar projects, offering key improvements such as the adoption of a Case-Based Reasoning methodology, which organises examples by geographic location, materials, and intervention types. A structured classification system based on sustainability principles and strategies enables cross-disciplinary research and comparison. The design process was highly participatory, incorporating user feedback at every stage to ensure the platform is accessible to a wide range of users, including designers, scholars, craftspeople, and the general public. A cross-device, user-centered approach further broadens its accessibility. The platform provides a public, web-based geospatial repository where users can create, update, and explore a dynamic collection of artefacts, design models, people, and institutions from across the globe. This tool marks a significant advance in promoting and preserving both physical and intangible heritage, with strong educational and practical applications for sustainable architecture. The paper details the theoretical framework and real-world potential of the platform as a critical resource for promoting sustainability in the built environment.

Absolute 230Th/U chronologies and Δ47 thermometry paleoclimate reconstruction from soil carbonates in Central Asian loess over the past 1 million years

Pleistocene loess records of the Khovaling Loess Plateau (KLP) in Tajikistan provide rich collections of lithic artifacts demonstrating past human presence in the region. To understand the timing of human activity and environmental conditions prevailing at that time U–Th dating and clumped/stable C/O isotope measurements have been applied to modern and Pleistocene soil carbonates (SCs) collected at several sites on the KLP and surroundings. U–Th ages were corrected by two methods: 1) assuming an initial [230Th/232Th] activity ratio of 0.85 ± 0.25 based on gamma spectrometry of loess/paleosol samples, and 2) the isochron technique using leachates and fully dissolved subsamples. Diagenetic alteration and potential U/Th mobilization and related isotope fractionation due to alpha-recoil was also modelled and found to be minor in the studied soil carbonates. Compared to model ages as references, uncorrected 230Th ages are only acceptable if measured [230Th/232Th] activity ratios of leachates are high (>30), while 230Th ages derived using method 1 are mostly overcorrected. It appears that SCs can be reliably dated by the U-series disequilibrium method in this sedimentary setting, but isochron dating cannot be spared. Application of the isochron method is required to derive 230Thmodel ages, which ensures that the non-zero initial 230Th and possible U–Th gain/loss due to alpha-recoil can be simultaneously corrected and reliable U–Th ages obtained. U–Th ages of Pleistocene SCs clearly demonstrate post-pedogenic ingrowth of multiple, non-contemporaneous populations of SCs within loess/paleosol units, and that SC formation happened in many cases under cold, presumably dry glacial climate conditions. Considering that U–Th ages of SCs provide minimum ages of the sediment in which they form, these ages can be useful in developing loess stratigraphic models and for correlation of paleosols with marine isotope stages. This implies that the age of a given paleosol and any lithic artifacts it may contain, indicating human activity, cannot be younger than the age of SCs formed in that paleosol. This is due to the nature of soil carbonates, which can be the product of both syn- and post-depositional processes.Clumped isotope thermometry of SCs collected from modern soils at three sites in Tajikistan provide evidence for SCs dominantly recording summer season soil temperatures, while the calculated soil water oxygen isotope signatures reflect annual signals and carbonate precipitation from source waters incorporating rainfall from prior to and during SC formation. In contrast, some Pleistocene SCs record soil temperatures and stable isotope compositions more appropriate to glacial conditions, confirming the findings of U–Th ages, and highlighting the primary role of aridity-driven soil moisture changes in SC precipitation in this setting. Considering the interpretative complexities of SC stable isotope compositions, involving issues such as SC formation depth within a soil/paleosol profile, seasonality of SC growth and violation of the law of superposition, SC stable isotope proxy records of past climates cannot be considered as a set of clearly sequential data through time. This implies that such SC-based stable isotope records must be accompanied by U–Th dating of carbonates to be meaningful.

Performing a departmental archive: half a century of performance

ABSTRACT Performance practitioners curate collections of artifacts from aesthetic performances they direct and stage, which serve as evidence of past performances and is a practice that functions as a method of performance. This paper presents a performance of a discovery of a 50-year-old archive of staged performances within the Department of Communication at a public university in the Southeastern United States. This written performance presents the records documented by this archive. This performance imagines the generative act of creating this archive as a method of performance research, and an invitation for staging a collaged interpretation of this performance and departmental history.

Di Pedalaman Sulawesi

Walter Kaudern (1881-1942) was a Swedish Zoologist and Ethnographer who made a research trip to North and Central Sulawesi between 1917 and 1921. The trip began with a focus on Zoological questions largely pursued in North Sulawesi, but quickly shifted to ethnographic concerns in Central Sulawesi. Here, he worked for extensive periods in Kulawi, and Loinang, with comparative side excursions in Pipikoro, Bada' and Ondae, collecting an extensive 3000 artifact collection which now resides in the Swedish Museum of World Culture (Gothenburg). He published the results of his fieldwork in English in an extensive 6 volume "Kajian Ethnografi di Sulawesi: Hasil Ekspedisi Penulis ke Sulawesi 1917-1920 (1925-45), several volumes of which have already been translated in LOBO. Di Pedalaman Sulawesi, however, is an initial survey work published in Swedish and thus largely inaccessible. The importance of this work is not its reports of zoological and ethnographic findings which are reported at length elsewhere, but its intimate personal reflections on his research and methods, and in particular, his interactions with the Dutch colonial government, the Salvation Army Missionaries, and especially the inhabitants of Central Sulawesi. It is not a flattering self-portrait. This work will be published in three volumes, and contains extensive links to the collection of photographs available from the Museum of World Culture. Readers are warned that this work contains racist language.

Actio de in rem verso

Abstract The provenance of many objects once part of the acclaimed Revd William MacGregor collection of Egyptian artefacts is unclear or unknown. Private collectors purchased pieces from the MacGregor collection when it was sold at auction in 1922, many of which eventually made their way into major museums around the world. Today, the provenance information attached to them can usually be traced back through the private owners only as far as MacGregor’s ownership and no further. Recent research has revealed more about MacGregor’s collecting habits, including the fact that Count Riamo d’Hulst was the supplier of MacGregor’s famous obsidian head. Based on a little-known court case in Egypt and previously unseen correspondence between MacGregor and the Swiss archaeologist Édouard Naville, this article sheds further light on the extent to which the count was MacGregor’s regular supplier. It will also demonstrate how this key buyer–seller relationship developed, and how it eventually deteriorated into enmity and legal wrangling.

Redesign of Primordial Museum and Archaeological Research Center in Cipari Archaeological Site Area, Kuningan Regency with Biophilic Architecture Approach

Indonesia is a paradise for archaeological research, proven by the many kinds of Pleistocene era artifact findings scattered throughout the country, including in Kuningan Regency. One of them is the finding of a megalithic site in Cipari Village, which is the only megalithic heritage archaeological site given more attention by the Kuningan Regency municipal government, with the establishment of the Cipari Archaeological Park Museum in 1976. Ironically, the archaeological museum building at Cipari Site is still relatively simple, and has not been able to follow the guidelines for establishing a museum. The existing building, which has an area of 80m², only contains temporary exhibition rooms, toilets and management rooms which are deemed unable to accommodate groups of tourists who often come from various educational institutions. So, a redesign is needed that is able to house a collection of artifacts as well as an archaeological research center to facilitate archaeologists and scientists, in researching artifacts that have been found in Kuningan and its surroundings. The primordial museum and archaeological research center is a building that stores and researches natural objects of ancient relics found in nature, so it is good if this building can be redesigned by considering its relationship with nature. Therefore, the biophilic architecture approach is deemed appropriate in the redesign of the museum building along with the archaeological research center or in other languages, the Primordial Museum and Archaeological Research Center in the Cipari Archaeology Site Area, Kuningan Regency. Data is also needed which includes primary and secondary data needs and then analyzed with five aspects of the approach, including functional, contextual, technical, performance and architectural aspects. The results will produce design recommendations for the Primordial Museum and Archaeological Research Center in the Cipari Antiquities Area, Kuningan Regency, West Java.

Novice nurse educator professional learning and teaching at a transnational nursing campus: A case study

AimThis study aimed to explore how novice nurse educators are supported in cultivating an understanding of teaching and learning as they become educators in higher education, how they understand their roles as nursing educators and to identify the opportunities and challenges in developing pedagogical content knowledge experienced at one transnational nursing campus is Qatar. BackgroundNovice nurse educators are frequently employed to begin educator roles because of their specialised clinical backgrounds and experiences. Yet, they often have little or no formal education regarding educational pedagogy and current teaching practices. These professional learning needs can be difficult to navigate and contribute to a challenging new role. Novice nurse educators often describe a need for more confidence in their teaching practices and understanding of their limitations and knowledge gaps regarding teaching and learning. Although research and policy emphasise the need for well-trained nurse educators with the appropriate education and knowledge to teach in post-secondary academic settings, nursing education still struggles with inconsistent approaches to recruitment and inadequate support for professional development, raising ongoing concerns. DesignA qualitative case study was used for this study. MethodsFour methods were used to collect data: teaching artifact collection, individual guided reflective questions, one-on-one interviews and observational notes. Seven novice nurse educators participated in this study. Data analysis was done using cycle coding to identify themes. ResultsThree themes related to novice nurse educators' professional development include 1) initial and ongoing preparation, 2) professional learning and support needed during transitions into educator roles and 3) barriers to novice nurse educator professional learning. ConclusionsNovice nurse educators may have significant professional learning needs as they begin new roles. It is essential to ensure that thoughtful and well-designed onboarding processes includes an early introduction to professional development while offering ongoing professional learning opportunities. Novice nurse educators will draw on various supports as they start their new roles. Developing well-rounded teaching practices and pedagogical content knowledge is difficult while navigating a full teaching load. Therefore, workload adjustments early in novice nurse educators' careers will allow time for professional development.

Trends in Technology Integration in University Museums in Indonesia: Opportunities and Challenges

This research aims to explore technology integration within university museums in Indonesia, focusing on preserving original artifacts while leveraging technological advancements. Adopting a qualitative approach, the study conducted in-depth interviews and open-ended questionnaires at six university museums across Indonesia. The findings reveal that university museums in Indonesia generally possess valuable collections of original artifacts that require preservation. Technology is crucial in supporting the museums' business processes, enhancing preservation and visitor engagement. Museum managers are driven to develop their institutions by seizing various opportunities presented by technological advancements despite facing several challenges. This study underscores the importance of technology in the evolution of university museums in Indonesia, highlighting the proactive measures taken by museum managers to overcome obstacles and achieve their development targets.

Scythian and Sarmatian Weapons in Shilovsky District Museum of Local History

During the early Iron Age, the Middle Oka Region was inhabited by Gorodets tribes. The collection of Scythian and Sarmatian weapons in Shilovsky District Museum of Local History is mainly comprised with accidental finds made by locals and materials discovered by exploration researches. Shilovsky District of Ryazan Region is situated at the border between mixed and broad-leaved forests. Back in the early Iron Age they were occupied by Gorodets tribes. The indigenous people were engaged in hunting, fishing and cattle breeding. The area is fringed with forest-steppe vegetation in the south. It provided access to steppe nomadic invaders. It is proven by finds of Scythian and Sarmatian weapon. Scythian iron arrowheads have three blades, narrow triangular proportions and a bushing longer than the fletching. Similar arrowheads are typical for Scythian antiquities found in the Middle Don River and dated 4th–3rd century BC. Iron tanged triple-bladed arrowheads have Sarmatian origins and date back to 3rd–1st century BC. Iron acinaci are severely damaged with corrosion, which prevents establishment of their typology and chronology. The original find is a combat knife with a ring pommel and a single-edged blade Single-edged bladed weapon was created under oriental influence. The early Scythian is the period an iron spearhead with a C-shaped bushing is dated. It is transition from bronze heads to iron ones. One of the rare finds is a bell-shaped copper helmet. It has signs of damage that obstruct its typological identification. Its closest equivalents are the Montefortino helmets and pilei. Having analysed the collection of artefacts it can be concluded that the Gorodets people and steppe nomads were actively interacting at war during the entire Scythian-Sarmatian epoch. The research fails to confirm that the steppe nomads were trade intermediaries between the Antique Black Sea area and the forest zone people

Introduction: Ritual Performance and Religious Identity

Abstract Tradition is a multifaceted concept and a term with contested meanings. It is usually understood as an unchanging collection of artefacts passed down from generation to generation, where continuity between past and present is expected and assumed. Scholarly studies, however, have shown that tradition is continuously produced and ‘invented’ in order to cope with the present and to imagine a possible future. The articles in this special issue explore different ways in which tradition is imagined, articulated and produced in different religious contexts, in which Islam serves as a focus for reference or contrast. They show that a specific Islamic tradition can undergo profound transformations to the point of losing its connection with Islam, both at the individual and at the social or communal levels.

L’entrée en collection publique des artefacts issus de la colonisation de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Jeu du droit, jeu avec le droit

Les entrées en collection publique constituent un moment clé dans l’histoire des objets. Au grand dam des chercheurs de provenance, il s’agit souvent du seul moment connu ou documenté dans le parcours des artefacts. D’où l’image d’un voile qui dissimule le flou de la collecte initiale ou les éventuels transferts de propriété antérieurs, notamment entre collectionneurs. Là réside tout le travail malaisé de la recherche de provenance : réussir à remonter jusqu’à l’origine de la collecte tout en documentant son parcours jusqu’à l’entrée en collection muséale. Ce temps de l’entrée en collection muséale est essentiel et mérite d’être analysé de près, notamment au moyen des instruments du droit.

Bone Artefacts from the exposition of the National Historical and Archaeological Reserve “Olbia” Museum

In the article, a collection of bone and antler artefacts that had been displayed at the National Historical and Archaeological Reserve “Olbia” Museum until 2022 are discussed. The collection includes materials excavated from the territory of Olbia starting from 1946 and encompasses a diverse range of artefacts categories, such as spindle whorls, handles for metal tools, musical instruments, jewellery and components of horse harness, etc.