Collection Program Research Articles

Can angler-assisted broodstock collection programs improve harvest rates of hatchery-produced steelhead?

Can angler-assisted broodstock collection programs improve harvest rates of hatchery-produced steelhead?

DETERMINING THE COMPREHENSIVE TARIFF FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT AND THE VALUE OF SECONDARY RESOURCES

One of the main reasons why the EU has achieved such impressive results in minimizing landfills and increasing the rate of recycling has been the “polluter pays” principle. The cost of waste management for the producer should be equal to all the costs of eliminating its adverse effects. The results of household waste management in Ukraine lag far behind those in Europe. Less than 1% of the total amount of household and similar waste is reused. Ukraine risks not achieving the waste management indicators specified in the national sustainable development strategy if the current organizational and economic models remain dominant. Low tariffs for waste management and the absence of a nationwide segregated collection program are believed to be the main factors behind the prevalence of unsanctioned dump sites. The backlog in the implementation of recycling centers, recycling megaprojects and, finally, separate collection programs are the result of insufficient funding. This study provides a full calculation of the inclusive household waste management tariff. The approach was to find the total financial costs, including design, land acquisition, landfill construction and operating cost then, estimate the environmental costs caused by the CO2 emissions. The study estimates the real cost of collecting and transporting separately collected household waste and concludes the net cost after deducting the market value of recyclable materials. According to the results of the study, it turned out that the financial costs for the disposal of household waste in Ukraine reach up to UAH 355, and the cost of emissions may reach UAH 441/ton depending on the type of waste. The article reveals that the tariff for the collection and transportation of household waste must be adjusted depending on the density of the waste components and the market value of secondary raw materials. It has been also found that the costs of collecting and transporting some types of waste can be avoided if the recyclables are self-delivered to the recycling centers. The inclusive collection and transportation tariff, according to this study, should fluctuate between UAH 453 and UAH 1628 per ton. Finally, the study has shown that waste generator can earn between UAH 1072 and UAH 2495 when his recyclables are collected separately.

Collective Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases in an Ageing Population with Community Care.

The Dutch population is rapidly ageing, and a growing number of people are suffering from age-related health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. These diseases can be prevented or delayed by adapting healthy behaviours. However, making long-lasting lifestyle changes has proven to be challenging and most individual-based lifestyle interventions have not been effective on the long-term. Prevention programs focused on lifestyle should involve the physical and social context of individuals, because the (social) environment plays a large role in both conscious and unconscious lifestyle choices. Collective prevention programmes are promising strategies to mobilize the potential of the (social) environment. However, little is known about how such collective prevention programs could work in practice. Together with community care organization Buurtzorg, we have started a 5 year evaluation project to study how collective prevention can be practised in communities. In this paper, we discuss the potential of collective prevention and explain the methods and goals of our study.

A deep learning and full consistency approach to roadway safety scoring

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that worldwide road traffic crashes account for 1.35 million annual deaths in 2018. Most studies in road safety field have focused on studying road features effect on crash frequency and injury severity. However, limited studies use automatic road features detection methods to evaluate road safety. This research applies deep learning object detection to automatically identify roads features and Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) to rank the effect of road features on safety. A deep artificial network object detector is trained to efficiently detect road objects in a front-facing camera image, then FUCOM is applied to determine safety weights for ten Key Safety Indicators (KSIs). After determining final weights, the proposed approach is applied on a case study in Greater Cairo, in which 354 km of multi-class roads are divided to 1-km sections and assigned a road safety score (RSS). The resulting RSS identifies areas that exhibit low safety scores, enabling decision makers to focus their efforts on features that can attain highest improvement. This research contributes to supporting governments and roadway asset management agencies in prioritizing their efforts (and funding) in addressing roadway safety – especially where structured historical data collection programs are largely missing.

Comparative assessment of the U.S. State of Florida’s Marine Life regulations for its commercial marine aquarium fish fishery

Governments in select locales around the world have recently either restricted or closed commercial marine aquarium fisheries, impacting the livelihoods of fishers, traders, and others who depend on them. This paper offers an objective assessment of Florida's commercial marine aquarium fish fishery and its regulatory landscape to inform and guide stakeholders about management strategies for the fishery moving forward, and to highlight successful regulations in place in Florida that merit consideration for adoption in other source locales around the world. The study discovered that the State has a strong regulatory structure for the commercial fishery operated by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; practicing co-management with fishers, and utilizing license and permitting requirements, conventional fisheries management measures and technical actions to regulate fishing mortality, and rights-based management approaches. Additionally, both fisheries-independent and dependent surveys have been conducted in recent years to assess the fishery. Consequently, the vast majority of fish species collected commercially for the trade indicate stable or increasing catch trends in Florida waters over 10 + years. Moving forward, the fishery can benefit from an assessment of the economic impacts of the regulatory framework on its fishers, a statewide fisheries management plan specific for the fishery, the further development of a comprehensive program for fisheries data collection and analysis to address data gaps, an assessment of resources at hand and those needed to implement these recommendations, and the elevation of marine aquarium fisheries for support at the national level to support state-level management.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL COUNSELING IN REDUCING ANGER LEVELS IN JUVENILE OFFENDERS

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is based on the assumption that adaptive behavior and thoughts can be changed. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral counseling in enabling the juvenile delinquent to develop ways to deal with anger by providing them with the necessary skills to successfully handle various anger provoking situations. The study sample consisted of 20 male juveniles who were divided into two groups: • The experimental group consists of 10 individuals • The control group consists of 10 individuals First the anger scale was applied to the totality of the sample (20 juvenile delinquents) In the second phase a collective cognitive-behavioral program was implemented in the experimental sample group. In the third and final phase, the anger scale was again applied to the entire sample, i.e., the experimental and control group. The results found that there was a noticeable decrease in the anger levels in the experimental group compared to the control group which did not experience any change.

Software Training in High Energy Physics

Among the upgrades in current high energy physics (HEP) experiments and the new facilities coming online, solving software challenges has become integral to the success of the collaborations. The demand for human resources skilled in both HEP and software domains is increasing. With a highly distributed environment in human resources, the sustainability of the HEP ecosystem requires a continuous effort in the equipment of physicists with the required abilities in software development. In this paper, the collective software training program in HEP and its activities led by the HEP Software Foundation (HSF) and the Institute for Research and Innovation in Software in HEP (IRIS-HEP) are presented. Experiment-agnostic, open, and accessible modules for training have been developed, focusing on common software material with ranges from core software skills needed by everyone to advanced training required to produce high-quality sustainable software. A basic software curriculum was built, and an introductory software training event has been prepared to serve HEP entrants. This program serves individuals with transferable skills that are becoming increasingly important to careers in the realm of software and computing, whether inside or outside HEP.

Trip Attraction Rates of Banking Services in Developing Countries' Cities

There is a lack of studies on trip generation rates related to land use activities in developing countries. The absence of trip rates makes transportation planners use rates listed in the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual, which may lead to unrealistic results. The study aims to determine trip attraction rates for banking services in Zagazig city, Egypt, and evaluate the factors affecting the attracted trips to the banks. The study has designed and implemented a comprehensive data collection and analysis program. The study sample contained nine banks. The study has conducted field surveys that counted the total number of persons entering/exiting the bank under investigation and the generated traffic volume of the adjacent street. The trip rates have been established in terms of independent variables, i.e., gross floor area, the total number of employees, and the number of tellers for different types of banks. Findings showed that average trip attraction rates for public banks were higher than for private banks. There was a strong relationship between trip attractions and the total number of employees at public banks. The most representative factor of private banks' trip attractions was the number of tellers. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-07 Full Text: PDF

31. Workplace Bias Affecting Applicants to Independent Plastic Surgery Residencies

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate what factors encouraged applicants to pursue independent plastic surgery residencies, as well as assess whether they faced any negative consequences or biases for this decision. Methods: Residents who applied to two academic independent plastic surgery residencies in 2021 and 2022 were emailed a 25-question survey through the online data collection program RedCap. The survey addressed respondent demographics, reasons for applying to plastic surgery, experiences with plastic surgery and experiences during general surgery residency including perceived bias regarding the choice to pursue a career in plastic surgery. Responses were collected anonymously and responses were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results: 39 complete responses were collected (21.2%). All respondents participated in a general surgery residency, with 12.8% (5/39) having applied to integrated plastic surgery during medical school, 15.4% (6/39) completing a preliminary residency year, and 28.2% (11/39) participating in plastic surgery-focused research year(s). Participating in plastic surgery cases and interactions with plastic surgery faculty and residents were the most common reasons for applying into plastic surgery, with 76.9% (30/39) citing these experiences. 23.1% (9/39) felt their attendings and program directors were not supportive of their decision to apply to plastic surgery. 64.1% (25/39) agreed that faculty made demeaning comments or jokes about their choice to go into plastic surgery, while 25.6% (10/39) experienced this behavior from co-residents. 17.9% (7/39) reported that they developed stress or anxiety due to how co-residents and faculty treated them regarding their decision. Conclusion: General surgery residents planning to apply to independent plastic surgery residencies frequently experience lack of support from faculty/program directors, as well as endure demeaning comments or jokes that can cause additional stress and anxiety. An important opportunity exists to support independent applicants and provide mentorship.

Disruptive Reparations? Tunisia's Victim Regions and the Collective Reparations Dilemma in Transitional Societies

In the past decade, an encompassing transitional justice process has been developed in Tunisia, which interacts with various other policy domains, including that of development. This article foregrounds three important interrelated innovations of Tunisia's transitional justice process: The explicit attention to economic crimes and violations of economic, social, and cultural rights; the introduction of the notion of victim regions; and the conceptualization of collective reparation programs. I discuss these innovations in light of the ongoing debate about the collective reparations dilemma in transitional societies, and notably about the ideal relation between (collective) reparation programs and development. The article then introduces the notion of disruptive reparations to theorize this relation in a way that foregrounds the need to consider and disrupt the political, socio-economic, and epistemic structures that facilitated the initial harm. This exercise acknowledges the specificity of various policy domains, and approaches them in a way that is fundamentally rooted in victims’ justice needs.

First Analysis of Nationwide Trends in the Use of the SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework

ObjectiveTo understand Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) Implementing Agencies’(SIAs) use of the SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework (Framework), which is a tool that includes 51 indicators that SNAP-Ed programs can use to measure the success of their programs in the first 5 years after its release. MethodsA repeated cross-sectional study design was utilized to administer electronic surveys to between 124 and 154 SIAs who received SNAP-Ed funding in fiscal years 2017, 2019, and 2021. Analyses included descriptive statistics and tests of proportions. ResultsMost SIAs indicated that they used the Framework to inform both data collection instruments and program planning decisions and the rates remained relatively constant over the 3 time points (> 80%). The most common specific use of the Framework across all 3 time points was to define, count, or measure the work accomplished, but this statistically decreased from 2017 (76%) to 2021 (57%) (z-score = 3.31; P < 0.001). Conclusions and ImplicationsThe results of this analysis confirmed that 5 years after its introduction, uptake and use of the Framework was high and that, as a whole, SIAs focused on priority indicators set by the US Department of Agriculture, with no notable increases in addressing and measuring longer-term, multisector, and population-wide outcomes. The systematic study of the Framework's usability over time has a broader application to other national health promotion initiatives with shared frameworks.

A Single Center 25-year Experience in Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection: A Focus on the Collection Efficiency

Background: Harvest of hematopoietic progenitor cells via leukapheresis is being used increasingly for autologous transplantation. Adequate yield of cells per kilogram body weight of recipient is required for a successful engraftment. Collection efficiency (CE) is a useful parameter to assess quality of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection program. In this study, we report a 25-year experience in a tertiary care Hospital in Italy.&#x0D; Patients and Methods: 1,026 consecutives autologous PBSC collection procedure, performed in 763 patients, from January 1996 to December 2020 were retrospectively considered. Data regarding patients, Blood Cells Separators (BCS) , apheresis procedures and PBSC products were collected in our database. In these 25 years different BCS were adopted in our Apheresis Unit (AU). In the first period (1996-1999) we used Fresenius Com. Tec, in the central period (2000-2013) we used Cobe Spectra and in the last period (2014-2020) Spectra Optia.&#x0D; Results: As regards the evaluation of patients before leukapheresis, the most significant data was the increasing number of CD34+ cells. Considering the PBSC collection procedure, there was a progressive increase in the processed blood volume with a shorter apheresis duration. Data related to the PBSC collection demonstrated an increasing CD34+ cell yield and efficiency a raise in CE that was 43% using Fresenius COM-TEC BCS, 49% using Cobe Spectra BCS and 53% using Spectra Optia BCS. .&#x0D; Conclusions: These results were observed considering a 25-year period, thus a great number of factors likely contributing to the observed results, including technological improvement of the instrumentation for leukapheresis, increased experience of the team operating in the Apheresis Unit, improved mobilization protocols, better criteria for patients’ selection. Focusing our attention on CE we observed quite satisfactory results with a median which rose from 43% to 53% with an increase of 10% in the observation period.

Pre-pandemic anti-vaccination websites' COVID-19 vaccine behavior: A content analysis of archived websites.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and concurrent development of vaccines offered the rare and somewhat unprecedented opportunity to study anti-vaccination behavior as it formed over time via the use of archived versions of websites. Assess how existing anti-vaccination websites modified their content to address COVID-19 vaccines and pandemic restrictions. Using a pre-existing collection of 25 anti-vaccination websites curated by the IvyPlus Web Collection Program prior to the pandemic and crawled every 6 months via Archive-It, we conducted a content analysis to see how these websites acknowledged or ignored COVID-19 vaccines and pandemic restrictions. Websites were assessed for financial behaviors such as having storefronts, mention of COVID vaccines in general or by manufacturer name, references to personal freedom such as masking, safety concerns like side effects, and skepticism of science. The majority of websites addressed COVID-19 vaccines in a negative fashion, with more websites making appeals to personal freedom or expressing skepticism of science than questioning safety. This can potentially be attributed to the lack of available safety data about the vaccines at the time of data collection. Many of the anti-vaccination websites we evaluated actively sought donations and had a membership option, evidencing these websites have financial motivations and actively build community around these issues. The content analysis also offered the opportunity to test the viability of archived websites for use in scholarly research. The archived versions of the websites had significant shortcomings, particularly in search functionality, and required supplementation with the live websites. For web archiving to be a viable source of standalone content for research, the technology needs to make significant improvements in its capture abilities. In summary, we found anti-vaccination websites existing prior to the COVID-19 pandemic largely adapted their messaging to address COVID-19 vaccines with very few sites ignoring the pandemic altogether. Our study also demonstrated the timely and significant need for more robust web archiving capabilities as online environments become more ephemeral and unstable.

Degradation rates influence the ability of composite samples to represent 24-hourly means of SARS-CoV-2 and other microbiological target measures in wastewater

The utility of using severe-acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA for assessing the prevalence of COVID-19 within communities begins with the design of the sample collection program. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of 24-hour composites as representative samples for measuring multiple microbiological targets in wastewater, and whether normalization of SARS-CoV-2 by endogenous targets can be used to decrease hour to hour variability at different watershed scales. Two sets of experiments were conducted, in tandem with the same wastewater, with samples collected at the building, cluster, and community sewershed scales. The first set of experiments focused on evaluating degradation of microbiological targets: SARS-CoV-2, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) – a surrogate spiked into the wastewater, plus human waste indicators of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV), Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), and fecal coliform bacteria (FC). The second focused on the variability of these targets from samples, collected each hour on the hour. Results show that SARS-CoV-2, PMMoV, and B2M were relatively stable, with minimal degradation over 24-h. SIV, which was spiked-in prior to analysis, degraded significantly and FC increased significantly over the course of 24 h, emphasizing the possibility for decay and growth within wastewater. Hour-to-hour variability of the source wastewater was large between each hour of sampling relative to the variability of the SARS-CoV-2 levels calculated between sewershed scales; thus, differences in SARS-CoV-2 hourly variability were not statistically significant between sewershed scales. Results further provided that the quantified representativeness of 24-h composite samples (i.e., statistical equivalency compared against hourly collected grabs) was dependent upon the molecular target measured. Overall, improvements made by normalization were minimal within this study. Degradation and multiplication for other targets should be evaluated when deciding upon whether to collect composite or grab samples in future studies.

Triple negative breast tumors contain heterogeneous cancer cells expressing distinct KRAS-dependent collective and disseminative invasion programs.

Inter-patient and intra-tumoral heterogeneity complicate the identification of predictive biomarkers and effective treatments for basal triple negative breast cancer (b-TNBC). Invasion is the initiating event in metastasis and can occur by both collective and single-cell mechanisms. We cultured primary organoids from a b-TNBC genetically engineered mouse model in 3D collagen gels to characterize their invasive behavior. We observed that organoids from the same tumor presented different phenotypes that we classified as non-invasive, collective and disseminative. To identify molecular regulators driving these invasive phenotypes, we developed a workflow to isolate individual organoids from the collagen gels based on invasive morphology and perform RNA sequencing. We next tested the requirement of differentially regulated genes for invasion using shRNA knock-down. Strikingly, KRAS was required for both collective and disseminative phenotypes. We then performed a drug screen targeting signaling nodes upstream and downstream of KRAS. We found that inhibition of EGFR, MAPK/ERK, or PI3K/AKT signaling reduced invasion. Of these, ERK inhibition was striking for its ability to potently inhibit collective invasion and dissemination. We conclude that different cancer cells in the same b-TNBC tumor can express different metastatic molecular programs and identified KRAS and ERK as essential regulators of collective and single cell dissemination.

Conversion of CPRD AURUM data into the OMOP common data model

IntroductionEfforts to standardize clinical data using Common Data Models (CDMS) has grown in recent years. Use of CDMs allows for quicker understanding of data structure and reuse of existing tools. One CDM is the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM. Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) is a data collection program collecting general practitioner data in the UK. ObjectiveOur objective was to convert a static copy of CPRD AURUM data into the OMOP CDM and run existing tools on the converted data. MethodsTwo methods were used to convert each CPRD file into the OMOP CDM. The first was direct mapping used when converting CPRD files that had comparable tables in the OMOP CDM. The original names were changed to the OMOP equivalent and source values converted to standardized OMOP concepts. CPRD files: Patient (to OMOP Person), Staff (to Provider), Drug Issue (to Drug Exposure) and Practice (to Care Site) were directly mapped. The second method was indirect where for the CPRD Observation file the domain of each data row was used to assign data to proper OMOP tables or columns done by converting all source values to standard concepts. ResultsThe OMOP CDM conversion populated 12 tables and 20,240,453,339 rows, with the largest table being the Measurement table (5,202,579,174 data row). Mapping source values to OMOP standard concepts, we found 60.2% (46,413 of 77,149) of source concepts were also standard concepts. The Drug Exposure table had the fewest source values already in the standard form as only 4.7% (1433 of 30,194) of the source concepts were standard concepts. On a data retention level, only 2.00% of all data rows were excluded as they did not have a clear fit in the developed CDM and were not able to stand alone without additional information which was not present. ConclusionCPRD AURUM was successfully converted into the OMOP CDM with minimal data loss. Existing OHDSI tools were used with the converted data to show efficacy of the converted data. The existence of a standardized version of CPRD AURUM data vastly increases its reusability in future research due to increased understanding and tools available.

О В.Ф. ЭРНЕ И Е.Н. ТРУБЕЦКОМ: НЕКОТОРЫЕ ЗАМЕЧАНИЯ

The article considers the creative relationship between two notable Russian thinkers of the early twentieth century – Vladimir Frantsevich Ern (1882–1917) and Evgeny Nikolaevich Trubetskoy (1863–1919). For Ern, once a student and then an associate professor at Moscow University, the philosophical ideas of E.N. Trubetskoy’s brother, Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy (1862–1905), turned out to be extremely important, Ern directly called him his teacher. As for the relations between the two representatives of the religious and philosophical group “Way”, E.N. Trubetskoy and V.F. Ern, despite the proximity of the ideological and theoretical platform, it is rather a history of confrontations. One example is E.N. Trubetskoy’s disagreement with the original version of the collective program statement of the Way group, in the creation of which Ern was directly involved. However, during their stay in Italy, both thinkers discover a similar understanding of modern Catholicism and V.S. Solovyov’s theocratic utopia. The article also deals with P.A. Florensky, M.K. Morozova, A.F. Losev.

The use of stereo cameras and artificial intelligence data to support capture fisheries landing data monitoring

Reliable data and data collection are important key factors in realizing sustainable fisheries management. Landing data collected by the fishing port authority through has issues with coverage and accuracy. The fast development of image processing and artificial intelligence (AI) analysis opens the possibilities of automatic catch monitoring and data collection in the fishing port. This paper aims to develop a catch data collection program in fishing ports based on stereo camera video monitoring which AI processes. The first version of the devices, FishQi-L (Fish Quantitative Intelligence in Landing site), was developed. FishQi-L consisted of a set stereo camera and a pre-programed JETSON Nano image/video processor. The stereo camera allows image size quantification, size estimation, and spatial mapping capabilities. FishQi-L was able to detect the character and dimensions of objects, the trial object in Pekalongan was “Basket” with mean average precision (mAP) of the detection was 84% and 0.4387 losses. To increase the accuracy and reliability of the systems, we need to increase the number of data and data training iterations.

Sustainability Indicators for Evaluation of Selective Collection Programs: a case study in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

RESUMO Os indicadores de sustentabilidade têm sido cada vez mais utilizados na avaliação e no monitoramento de programas de coleta seletiva, permitindo a identificação de lacunas e o planejamento de estratégias promissoras. Nesse sentido, o estudo objetivou avaliar o grau de sustentabilidade do programa de coleta seletiva do município de João Pessoa/PB, por meio da utilização de indicadores. A avaliação ocorreu com base em uma matriz composta de 16 indicadores agrupados nas dimensões política/institucional, econômica, social e ambiental. Para a quantificação dos indicadores foram adotados dados históricos da coleta seletiva dos anos de 2018 e 2019. A aplicação dos indicadores resultou em uma pontuação final que possibilitou a classificação do grau de sustentabilidade (GS) do sistema. Os resultados apontam para o GS de 4,6, indicando baixa sustentabilidade do programa de coleta seletiva da cidade de João Pessoa. Com relação às dimensões investigadas, constata-se que todas apresentaram baixa sustentabilidade, contudo a dimensão ambiental apresentou o melhor desempenho na investigação (GS = 5,0), revelando que a coleta seletiva tem se destacado nesse âmbito. As descobertas feitas com a utilização de indicadores enfatizam a necessidade de planejamento e ações efetivas para a melhoria e expansão da coleta seletiva no município.

An Analysis on the Long-term Management of Urban Tree Carbon Reduction ‘Forestry Inventory Analysis’ towards Climate Change Adaptation

Background and objective: Climate change and its impact on carbon storage in urban trees is a topic that has received increasing attention. Related studies focusing on data collection and analysis-based programs, such as the Forestry Inventory Analysis (FIA) programme in the US, have presented remarkable approaches to obtaining integrated analysis estimates and its management structure from a long-term perspective. This study explored the FIA programme in the context of long-term management in relation to tree carbon-related data collection and analysis.Methods: For the analysis, this study employed bibliometric methods (network using VOSviewer and coordinated analysis using NVivo) and an analytical framework. The case study is based on FIA-related driver changes of the keywords 'carbon' and 'tree' as well as the FIA management structure, using place-keeping theory as an integrated analytical framework and as the approach to long-term management.Results: Analysing FIA shows long-term management which has run since 2010, revealing key issues and significant terms in six dimensions of place-keeping analytical frameworks: public-private partnership-based data collection and political support in policy, central and local government-integrated fundraising from income generation, active governance-formed community activities in governance, alliance-structured networks in partnerships, integrated or unified estimated structures in evaluation, and maintenance. The case analysis reveals the necessity of a long-term management approach that incorporates a carbon storage estimate-focused policy, integrated income-partnerships, expanded active governance, Private Public Community Partnership (PPCP) multi-sector partnerships, and data platform settings.Conclusion: Newly emerging urban tree management structures should be reflected first on establishing an integrated carbon neutrality-based estimating system and secondly, on building long-term management approaches to the system. This will ultimately allow for climate change adaptation to approach carbon neutrality.