Collection Phase Research Articles

The Thai Changeful Behavior in Watching the Sport During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The purpose of this study were to study the behavior level in watching the sport during the COVID-19 pandemic, to compare the personal characteristics with the Thai behavior in watching the sport during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to create the guideline to promote the Thai behavior in watching the sport during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed a mixed-method design. In the quantitative phase was characterized by an initial quantitative phase of data collection by the questionnaire with 400 participants by selecting through nonprobability sampling, and analyzed with the descriptive statistic and the logistic regression analysis. In the qualitative phase, the 12 participants included the 4 sport media, the 4 sport news reporters, and the 4 sport marketers participated in semi-structure interviews. The results of the quantitative phase found that that the male agreed in watching the sport during the COVID-19 pandemic through the TV digital and the online media was higher than female (Inferential group) 1.62 times, the bachelor degree level, less than bachelor degree, and master degree were higher than the doctoral degree or others (Inferential group) 48504, 32761 and 23693 times, the government retire employee/private was not agreed higher than other careers (Specific) that has been in the inferential group 96296 times, the single and the married was higher than the divorce (Inferential group) 98080 and 31579 times, and the monthly income less than 5,000 Baht was higher than 40,000 Baht (Inferential group) 5.75 times. The qualitative data found the 7 issues of the guideline of promoting the Thai behavior in watching the sport during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research result could be benefit to the entrepreneurs those who like to use the research result as the guideline for being the information base in order to adjust their strategy to the market of the people who watch sport during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Environmental Impact Assessment of Waste Wood-to-Energy Recovery in Australia

Wood is a renewable material that can store biogenic carbon, and waste wood can be recycled to recover bioenergy. The amount of energy recovery from the waste wood can vary depending on the type of wood and its chemical and structural properties. This paper will analyse the life cycle environmental impact of energy recovery from waste wood, starting from the wood production stage. These are cradle-to-cradle systems, excluding the use phase and the waste collection phase. The types of waste wood considered in the current study are softwood, hardwood, medium-density fibreboard (MDF), plywood, and particleboard. The results showed that all waste wood has great potential to produce energy while reducing climate change impact. Hardwood and softwood products showed the most beneficial aspects in terms of energy recovery from waste wood and thus could help to reduce harmful environmental emissions. However, MDF and particleboard show the least potential for energy recovery as they contribute to the greatest emissions among all types of wood products. The outcomes of this study could be used as guiding principles for Australia to consider waste-to-energy recovery facility establishment to generate additional energy while reducing waste wood.

Temperature-Controlled Reversible Formation and Phase Transformation of 3D Nanocrystal Superlattices Through In Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

For decades, the spontaneous organization of nanocrystals into superlattices has captivated the scientific community. However, achieving direct control over the formation of the superlattice and its phase transformations has proven to be a grand challenge, often resulting in the generation of multiple symmetries under the same experimental conditions. Here, we achieve direct control over the formation of the superlattice and its phase transformations by modulating the thermal energy of a nanocrystal dispersion without relying on solvent evaporation. We follow the temperature-dependent dynamics of the self-assembly process using synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering. When cooled below -24.5 °C, lead sulfide nanocrystals form micrometer-sized three-dimensional phase-pure body-centered cubic superlattices. When cooled below -35.1 °C, these superlattices undergo a collective diffusionless phase transformation that yields denser body-centered tetragonal phases. These structural changes can be reversed by increasing the temperature of the dispersion and may lead to the direct modulation of the optical properties of these artificial solids.

Circular Economy Options for Medical Textile Waste

To support circular economy and sustainability, all European Union Member states are obliged by 2025 to collect textiles separately. Textile waste has become a part of the Sustainable Development Goals that aims to innovation in the textile sector including textile collection, reuse, sorting and recycling. Along this, the healthcare industry has a significant impact on the environment: it releases annually around 26 Gt of CO2 greenhouse gas emissions and generates on an average 3 kg of medical waste per bed per day in healthcare facilities in Europe. The main focus of the research paper is to quantify the material flow of textile waste generated/likely to be generated in the health care sector as well as to calculate its potential for material recovery. Since medical textile recovery has limitations in sorting and recycling activities due to prevalence of infections, a systematic approach in textile waste management needs to be applied both at collection phase and treatment phase. Within the present research, a database with health care products categories (42 units) are developed, and the categories are characterized by textile type, application in health care sector, fibre, contamination level after use, potential product for substitution. To measure the recovery potential of the textile waste, the indicator analysis considering technological, environmental, infection control, and economic aspects is performed.

Big data analytics capability and contribution to firm performance: the mediating effect of organizational learning on firm performance

PurposeThe study examines how firms may transform big data analytics (BDA) into a sustainable competitive advantage and enhance business performance using BDA. Furthermore, this study identifies various resources and sub-capabilities that contribute to BDA capability.Design/methodology/approachUsing classic grounded theory (GT), resource-based theory and dynamic capability (DC), the authors conducted interviews, which involved an exploratory inductive process. Through a continuous iterative process between the collection, analysis and comparison of data, themes and their relationships appeared. The literature was used as part of the data set in the later phases of data collection and analysis to identify how the study’s findings fit with the extant literature and enrich the emerging concepts and their relationships.FindingsThe data analysis led to developing a conceptual model of BDA capability that described how BDA contributes to firm performance through the mediated impact of organizational learning (OL). The findings indicate that BDA capability is incomplete in the absence of BDA capability dimensions and their sub-dimensions, and expected advancement will not be achieved.Research limitations/implicationsThe research offers insights on how BDA is converted into an enterprise-wide initiative, by extending the BDA capability model and describing the role of per dimension in constructing the capability. In addition, the paper provides managers with insights regarding the ways in which BDA capability continuously contributes to OL, fosters organizational knowledge and organizational abilities to sense, seize and reconfigure data and knowledge to grab digital opportunities in order to sustain competitive advantage.Originality/valueThis article is the first exploratory research using GT to identify how data-driven firms obtain and sustain BDA competitive advantage, beyond prior studies that employed mostly a hypothetico-deductive stance to investigate BDA capability. While the authors discovered various dimensions of BDA capability and identified several factors, some of the prior related studies showed some of the dimensions as formative factors (e.g. Lozada et al., 2019; Mikalef et al., 2019) and some other research depicted the different dimensions of BDA capability as reflective factors (e.g. Wamba and Akter, 2019; Ferraris et al., 2019). Thus, it was found necessary to correctly define different dimensions and their contributions, since formative and reflective models represent various approaches to achieving the capability. In this line, the authors used GT, as an exploratory method, to conceptualize BDA capability and the mechanism that it contributes to firm performance. This research introduces new capability dimensions that were not examined in prior research. The study also discusses how OL mediates the impact of BDA capability on firm performance, which is considered the hidden value of BDA capability.

Hydrocelectomy Under Local Anesthesia in Rural Areas

The aim of the study was to describe hydrocelectomy under local anesthesia in the health district of Kolondièba. This was a cross-sectional (analytical) study by exhaustive survey. The study took place in two phases: a collection phase from November 6 to 13, 2017 and a phase devoted to encoding, entry, purification, data analysis and writing from November 20 to November 15. December 2017. Included in this study are all patients operated on for filarial hydrocele, i.e. 42 patients. We proceeded by a purposive sampling by taking all patients with a filarial hydrocele whose age is greater than 11 years. The average age was 59 years old and 78.6% were married men. Farmers accounted for 69%. The duration of evolution of the hydrocele varied between 5 to 10 years. Half of the patients had grade 2 hydroceles. The impact of the hydrocele on their patients' work was found in 69% of cases and 73.8% had an impact on their sexual life. Total vaginal resection using the Winckelmann technique was performed in 90.5% of cases. The average duration of hydrocelectomy was 30 minutes in 97.6% of cases. A significant link between the quantity of fluid and the impact of hydrocele on work was found (P= 0.010 which is less than 5%). Filaricele surgery requires a good knowledge of the anatomy of the male reproductive system, mastery of surgical techniques, potential complications that may arise during the operation and adequate equipment. The vaginal resection technique is the one commonly used, recommended by WAHO and WHO.

All-optical manipulation of charge density waves in kagome metal CsV3Sb5

A major challenge in condensed matter physics is to manipulate collective quantum phases by all-optical methods, which can open enormous new possibilities for materials and device engineering. Here we report an anomalous optical modulation of charge density waves (CDWs) in recently discovered kagome metal $\mathrm{Cs}{\mathrm{V}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{5}$ using femtosecond-resolved coherent phonon spectroscopy. This optically suppressed CDW phase surprisingly persists for nanoseconds, exhibits a monotonically lowering of transition temperature with increasing fluence, and does not require a critical absorbed photon density, which is intriguingly distinct from those found in the ``optically suppressed potential energy'' scenario. Pump-pump-probe experiments conclusively rule out the laser-induced thermal effect and time-dependent density functional theory simulations confirm that this nonthermal modulation stems from an optical tuning of the energy resonance between the band fermiology and the Van Hove singularity in kagome lattices. These findings open exciting prospects for all-optical engineering of the Van Hove scenario to tune correlated quantum phases in topology networks.

How Should I Start Research in Cyber Security? Suggestions for Researchers According to Bibliometric Analysis Data

The aim of this study is to discover the research trends in the field of cyber security with performance analysis and to reveal the intellectual structure of the field of cyber security with scientific mapping. For this purpose, articles published in the field of cyber security between 1998-2021 in the WoS database were examined. The research was carried out in accordance with the bibliometric analysis guide. In the data collection phase, 1,631 articles were included in the study by taking into account the criteria determined among 15,781 studies using the PRISMA procedure. R program was used in bibliometric analysis. According to the findings of the study, there has been a significant increase in article productivity in the field of cyber security after 2020. Although IEEE Access is the journal with the highest number of publications in the field, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid ranks first according to h-index and g-index values. Considering the topics studied according to the years, it is seen that in the first years, issues related to the law such as cybercrime and cyber terrorism were examined, and recently, in addition to these, current technological issues have been included. It is observed that the most effective publication is 'The Internet of Things for Health Care: a Comprehensive Survey' by Islam et al. which examines the security of the Internet of Things in health care, which is also a current issue.

FAMILY PLANNING ATTITUDE IN TURKISH CULTURE: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPERIENCING UNINTENDED PREGNANCY, RECEIVING COUNSELING, AND ACCESSING METHODS

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the frequency of married women using methods related to family planning and the factors associated with method use.
 Method: 400 women between the ages of 15 and 49 were a part of the research, which was carried out as a descriptive and relationship-seeking study. The family planning attitude scale and a personal information form were utilized in the data collection phase of the study, and data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 25 program. Ethics committee permission and written consent from the participants were obtained for the habituation to take place. T-test, one-way variance, and multiple regression analyzes were used in the analysis of the data.
 Results: It was determined that the total mean score of the family planning attitude scale of the women was 133.49 ± 18.78, 67% of them used a modern family planning method, and 32.5% of them received counseling for family planning. It has been found that women's family planning attitudes are affected by age, income level, availability of family planning products and method selection reasons. It has been determined that the family planning attitude scale sub-dimensions of women who have experienced abortion/abortion have lower attitudes towards family planning and family planning method attitudes than women who have not experienced abortion/abortion.
 Conclusion: According to the research, women have positive attitudes regarding family planning, but not at the level that is ideal. More effectively delivering training and consulting services is crucial to fostering a good attitude toward family planning.

The Effect on Gifted Students’ 21st-Century Skills of Supporting Science Teaching with LEGO® Education® BricQ Motion Essential and Student Opinions on this Instruction

In many countries, individuals have started to gain 21st-century skills from an early age. In Turkey, the education of gifted students is supported with activities enriched in parallel with these skills in science and art centres. The LEGO® Education® BricQ Motion Essential Set reinforces achievements with hands-on activities in science subjects, while also improving 21st-century skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration. At this point, this study aims to examine the effect of the LEGO® Education® BricQ Motion Essential Set on the 21st-century skills of gifted students in the teaching of the ‘Force and Motion’ unit and to determine the students’ views on the teaching process. The study was carried out in a science and art centre in Konya in the spring term of the 2021–2022 academic year. The sample of the study consisted of 21 gifted students studying in Support-2 programmes (4th grade). An explanatory sequential design was preferred in the study. In the quantitative data collection phase of the study, a one-group pre-test/post-test experimental design was used. Interviews were used for the qualitative data collection phase. The quantitative data of the research were analysed with the SPSS 26 statistical package program. Qualitative data were categorised according to themes and codes in accordance with content analysis. The results of the research showed that the LEGO® Education® BricQ Motion Essential Set was effective for 21st-century learning and the renewal of the skills of the gifted students participating in the research and that the students developed positive opinions about this education set. It is recommended to use LEGO® training sets to develop the 21st-century skills of gifted students.

Factors associated with compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in obstetrics and gynaecology nurses: A cross-sectional study.

To examine the factors influencing compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in obstetrics and gynaecology nurses and to explore the combined results of multiple factors. An online cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from 311 nurses using a convenience sampling method from January to February 2022. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and mediation tests were performed. Compassion fatigue in obstetrics and gynaecology nurses was in the moderate to high levels. Physical status, number of children, emotional labour, lack of professional efficacy, emotional exhaustion and the none-only-child can influence compassion fatigue; lack of professional efficacy, cynicism, social support, work experience, employment status and night shift were predictive of compassion satisfaction. Social support partially mediated between lack of professional efficacy and compassion fatigue/compassion satisfaction; emotional labour moderated in the mediated analysis model. Moderate to high levels of compassion fatigue was present in 75.88% of obstetrics and gynaecology nurses. Some factors affect compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. Thus, nursing managers should consider factors and construct a monitoring system to reduce compassion fatigue and improve compassion satisfaction. The results will provide a theoretical basis for improving job satisfaction and the quality of care in obstetrics and gynaecology nurses. And this may raise concerns about the occupational health of obstetrics and gynaecology nurses in China. The study was reported according to the STROBE. The nurses spent time filling out the questionnaires during the data collection phase and answered the questions sincerely. WHAT DOES THIS ARTICLE CONTRIBUTE TO THE WIDER GLOBAL CLINICAL COMMUNITY?: Obstetrics and gynaecology nurses with 4-16 years of experience are prone to experience compassion fatigue. The effect of lack of professional efficacy on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction can be improved by social support. Reducing nurse compassion fatigue and improving compassion satisfaction are important for providing quality nursing care to obstetrics and gynaecology patients. In addition, clarifying the influencing factors of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction can improve nurses' work efficiency and job satisfaction, and provide theoretical guidance for managers to implement interventions.

Following New Philanthropy by Network Ethnography: How Did the Varkey Foundation Land and Expand in Latin America?

Purpose New philanthropy develops new forms of policy “problem-solving” through the influx of private actors’ money and ideas. It adopts singular configurations across different policy spaces, with implications for education governance. We address this phenomenon by analyzing the Varkey Foundation's (VF) “landing” and “expansion” in Latin America. VF is a global philanthropic organization registered in the United Kingdom in 2011 with a main hub in Argentina, where it landed in 2017. Design/Approach/Methods We use network ethnography to examine the influence of new philanthropy on education governance as this phenomenon demands new methods to grasp the “realities” of governing beyond conventional ways and understanding policy mobilities. Findings Results indicate how VF “landed” in a little pro-market space via productive uses of policy networks. The second phase of data collection and analysis presents further consolidation of VF in Argentina, its expansion into Latin America, and its establishment as a legitimate education policy actor. Originality/Value This study provides new evidence and insights into how policy networks enable new philanthropy to land and consolidate within national boundaries and, later, across the region as a legitimate actor in education.

Spectroscopic visualization and phase manipulation of chiral charge density waves in 1T-TaS2

The chiral charge density wave is a many-body collective phenomenon in condensed matter that may play a role in unconventional superconductivity and topological physics. Two-dimensional chiral charge density waves provide the building blocks for the fabrication of various stacking structures and chiral homostructures, in which physical properties such as chiral currents and the anomalous Hall effect may emerge. Here, we demonstrate the phase manipulation of two-dimensional chiral charge density waves and the design of in-plane chiral homostructures in 1T-TaS2. We use chiral Raman spectroscopy to directly monitor the chirality switching of the charge density wave—revealing a temperature-mediated reversible chirality switching. We find that interlayer stacking favours homochirality configurations, which is confirmed by first-principles calculations. By exploiting the interlayer chirality-locking effect, we realise in-plane chiral homostructures in 1T-TaS2. Our results provide a versatile way to manipulate chiral collective phases by interlayer coupling in layered van der Waals semiconductors.

The Mediation Role of Student Engagement Between the Influence of English Language Anxiety and Academic Achievement in Higher Education

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect that students' anxiety has on their academic performance, taking into account the function that student involvement plays as a mediator, at private institutes in the city of Erbil. To measure the effectiveness of the present research, the researcher employed a quantitative research approach in the form of a survey. The questionnaire was given out of total of four private institutes in the city of Erbil. Despite this, the researcher was successful in collecting 110 fully filled-out questionnaires. After the data collection phase was finished, all of the collected information was analyzed using SPSS to determine the impact that students' anxiety had on their academic achievement, taking into account the role that student engagement played as a mediator, at private institutes located in Erbil city. The findings proved a significant and positive mediation role of student engagement between student anxiety and academic achievement at the selected four private institutes in Erbil city. The study recommended that involvement and participation in class, group projects, and other classroom activities have been shown to improve students' engagement and decrease their anxiety. Furthermore, providing workshops, training sessions, and other resources to help students cope with their anxiety about learning a new language.

Knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic use and resistance among Arab population: a questionnaire-based study of 11 countries from the Middle East and North Africa

Abstract Objectives Antibiotic usage has evolved over the years among the Arab population, and it has also gone under misuse resulting in the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Therefore, the current study aimed to address this issue by evaluating the level of knowledge and attitude of Arab population towards antibiotic usage and AMR to develop a pathway to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among Arab population, including 11 countries from the Middle East and North Africa. A validated and translated questionnaire, consisting of 34 questions, was adopted to achieve the study objectives. Two phases of data collection (online and offline) were performed, and SPSS was used for data analysis. Key findings Three thousand three hundred and nineteen participants were successfully recruited, and the mean age was 37.6 ± 11.73. Approximately 63% of participants wrongly answered they should stop antibiotics when they feel better, and 73.3% of them thought antibiotics could treat cold and flu. Nearly half of the respondents indicated that they were uncertain of how antibiotic resistance affects the body (48.1%), and they were unaware if it could affect them or their families (63.1%). While the majority of the respondents were prescribed antibiotics by a doctor, over half of them were not given any advice on how to take them. Our data showed a significant relationship between respondents’ demographic data (e.g. country, age and education) and their knowledge and attitude. Conclusions Participants had poor knowledge of antibiotics and AMR; thus, efforts are needed to conduct health campaigns in public places and create and implement programmes aiming to raise knowledge and awareness of people in the Arab regions. These could aid to curb the risk of antibiotic resistance and increase the chance of successful treatment for infectious diseases.

Actor-network theory: methodological issues in practice

PurposeThis study demonstrates a practical use of Actor-Network Theory (ANT), showing methodological, predictive and unforeseen issues that emerged during the data collection and analysis phases and how they were addressed during the development of this research.Design/methodology/approachBased on the research of reapplication of a “tecnologia social” (TS) of entrepreneurial education, this article explores the author’s reflections on the adoption of ANT as a theoretical-methodological approach, highlighting the practical implications of a social material theory during fieldwork.FindingsThe adoption of ANT places the researcher in front of methodological issues not always foreseen in the research design. Four moments to a practical path through the engagement of ANT agency are highlighted: the network of actors, monitoring of actors, interpretation of data collected and writing results. These moments correspond to methodological issues that the authors faced during the practical journey of the research. At each moment, the challenge aroused is discussed and the methodological choice chosen to address the issue is presented.Originality/valueThe engagement with ANT has enormous potential in the study of management and organizations phenomenon, but its methodological implications in practice are still challenging. The authors seek to share this investigation and engagement in ANT so that other researchers have a reference and a starting point to employ and engage in this theoretical-methodological lens. Thus, it may be possible to anticipate certain difficulties in future research designs and to glimpse at potential developments and paths that the research may lead.

Building the Leeds Monolingual and Parallel Legal Corpora of Arabic and English Countries’ Constitutions: Methods, Challenges and Solutions

Arabic corpora have existed since the last decade of the past century. Although they are constantly increasing, more advanced tools and morpho-syntactically annotated Arabic corpora are still needed for research and teaching. Likewise, parallel and specialised corpora are rare despite the growing need to use them in empirical linguistic investigations of authentic Arabic texts and for language and translation teaching. Therefore, building legal corpora will pave the way for more research in Arabic legal translation, an area which is under-researched worldwide. This paper aims to discuss the building of a collection of specialised parallel and monolingual legal corpora. In particular, it will discuss the building of diachronic corpora, which include all available constitutions of 22 Arabic countries. The aim of building all available versions of these constitutions is two-fold: (1) interdisciplinary corpus-based and socio-cultural investigations and (2) research-led and blended-learning pedagogical approaches to translation teaching and learning. Thus, these corpora are of great value to translation trainers and researchers, law academics and professionals, and governmental, non-governmental and international organisations. The paper will demonstrate the process of building these specialised complex corpora and the challenges encountered throughout this process. Among the challenges faced during the data collection and processing phases are (1) limitations of finding the original constitutions for each Arabic country since some of them date back to 1922; (2) file conversion and the difficulty of choosing one Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tool to rely on for the Arabic language since many lack accuracy, efficiency as well as encoding issues in Arabic.

A qualitative assessment of experiences and perception during pre-admission for rotator cuff repair surgery

BackgroundRotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain (RCRSP) is the most common type of shoulder pain and the most disabling common symptom in people with Rotator Cuff Tear (RCT). The patient’s point of view concerning health status has become important in decision-making procedures and has therefore been considered a possible criterion standard for assessing treatment efficacy. The study aims to explore patients’ experiences and perceptions during pre-admission for Rotator Cuff Repair surgery.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted using a phenomenological approach based on Husserl’s philosophical perspective. A consecutive sample of twenty RCT patients awaiting repair surgery agreed to participate and was interviewed until the information was saturated. None of the patients enrolled was lost during the data collection phases. Data were collected through open-ended interviews between December 2021 and January 2022. The credibility, reliability, confirmability, and transferability criteria of Lincoln and Guba have been adopted to guarantee the trustworthiness of the results. The data analysis was conducted according to inductive content analysis.ResultsFour main themes and sub-themes related to each have been identified from the phenomenological analysis. The major themes were: (1) Pain changes lifestyle habits, (2) Pain control requires specific strategies, (3) Suffering turns time into waiting, (4) Waiting for Surgery between trust and fear.ConclusionInvestigating patients’ experiences and the emotional impact of Rotator Cuff Tear facilitates the development of specific educational and therapeutic strategies to improve care and post-intervention outcomes.

Profile of Progesterone Levels After Administration of Gonadotropins in Dairy Cattle with Ovarian Hypofunction

This study aimed to evaluate the profile of progesterone in dairy cattle with ovarian hypofunction. A total of 10 cows in this study were evaluated three times in the collection phase, i.e. (F1) when the cow was diagnosed with ovarian hypofunction, (F2) when the cow was in heat and (F3) 21 days after artificial insemination to detect pregnancy. Samples in the form of blood serum were then analyzed using ELISA. As a result, the average time of heat in ovarian hypofunction cows was 7,4 days. Progesterone levels in F1 were 1,027 ng/ml, 2,774 ng/ml, 1,476 ng/ml, 2,256 ng/ml, 1,258 ng/ml, 1,758 ng/ml, 2,393 ng/ml, 0,592 ng/ml, 0,755 ng /ml, 1,876 ng/ml, respectively. Progesterone levels in F2 were 0,671 ng/ml, 0,517 ng/ml, 0,763 ng/ml, 0,598 ng/ml, 0,615 ng/ml, 0,537 ng/ml, 0,726 ng/ml, 0,643 ng/ml, 0,593 ng/ml, 0,975ng/ml, respectively. Progesterone levels in F3 were 15,642 ng/ml, 4,215 ng/ml, 17,327 ng/ml, 20,721 ng/ml, 5,796 ng/ml, 17,214 ng/ml, 15,815 ng/ml, 16,745 ng/ml, 4,632 ng /ml, 18,281 ng/ml, respectively. The pregnancy rate in hypofunctional cows treated with PG-600 in this study was 70%.

UAV-Aided Secure Short-Packet Data Collection and Transmission

Benefiting from the deployment flexibility and the line-of-sight (LoS) channel conditions, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has gained tremendous attention in data collection for wireless sensor networks. However, the high-quality air-ground channels also pose significant threats to the security of UAV-aided wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a short-packet secure UAV-aided data collection and transmission scheme to guarantee the freshness and security of the transmission from the sensors to the remote ground base station (BS). First, during the data collection phase, the trajectory, the flight duration, and the user scheduling are jointly optimized with the objective of maximizing the energy efficiency (EE). To solve the non-convex EE maximization problem, we adopt the first-order Taylor expansion to convert it into two convex subproblems, which are then solved via successive convex approximation. Furthermore, we consider the maximum rate of transmission in the UAV data transmission phase to achieve a maximum secrecy rate. The transmit power and the blocklength of UAV-to-BS transmission are jointly optimized subject to the constraints of eavesdropping rate and outage probability. Simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.