Collection Of Evidence Research Articles

Specijalizacija nosilaca pravosudnih funkcija i svest građana kao instrumenti suprotstavljanja ekološkim kaznenim delima

Specialization, contentfull training, and continuous professional growth of prosecutors and judges in the domain of ecological crimes, joint education programs for criminal justice organs, police officers and inspectors, the increase in material and human resources, especially in the domain of inspections, are all necessary requirements for the improvement in the detection, investigation, evidence collection, and prevention of ecological crimes. In this paper, the author first analyzes the significance of the specialization of public office holders, prosecutors and judges, when it comes to ecological crimes. One of the current priorities of the EU is the struggle against ecological crime, especially certain types of ecological crime. The specialization of criminal justice office holders, especially prosecutors, is the norm in certain countries. Insufficient public awareness about the consequences of ecological crimes and the damage they cause, their victims, their "profitability", and their scope is a significant obstacle for the prevention, detection, and reduction of ecological crime. Numerous international legal documents emphasize the imperative of improving public awareness about ecological crimes. The author relates the improvement in public awareness with the right of "members of the public" to access criminal justice and the role of the "concerned public" in a criminal procedure, above all as persons filing criminal complaints, often in the form of citizen groups/associations or in relation to the participation in criminal procedures for these crimes.

Uloga i značaj revizijskog uzorkovanja u savremenom preduzeću

Auditing is an activity that is present in today's world at every step and in every branch of the economy. When we mean the audit of financial operations, it means that the audit is carried out on the total financial operations of the entity in a certain period of time or includes the audit of a specific economic sector. The audit of financial operations is carried out with the aim of determining the actual financial condition of the entity in a certain period. It is also carried out in situations where there is suspicion of misuse of financial documents or in other situations when management authorities require it. It differs from other types of audit, not only because the subject of the audit is financial statements, but it is necessary that its auditors possess professional and ethical qualities. The audit of financial statements includes the collection and evaluation of evidence in a systematic way, which creates a basis for validating financial statements and checking their compliance with international accounting standards and international financial reporting standards.

Wpływ błędu organizacyjnegona odpowiedzialność karną lekarza

The article is devoted to the issue of organizational error and it’s impact on the criminal liability of the physician. Basic concepts, such as medical malpractice, due diligence, undesirable medical event are analyzed, and then the issues of the basis and types of physician's criminal liability and the phenomena of organizational errors are discussed. In practice, issues of shortcomings in the organization of work are rarely considered in criminal cases in order to minimize or exclude the physician's fault. Physicians always provides services in specific circumstances and often, even despite acting in accordance with the standard of current medical knowledge and with due diligence, he may not be able to meet the expectations of proper and effective treatment due to organizational reasons beyond his control. Proper collection and assessment of evidence, such as internal regulations of the organization of facilities, regulations, interviews with employees, allow us to reconstruct the reality in which the services were provided and which may affect the criminal liability of the doctor. For errors of an organizational nature, due to the specificity of civil liability, the construction of organizational fault and the principles of criminal liability, the entity is liable under civil law. In order to determine the criminal liability of the doctor in the proceedings, it should be stated that the doctor fulfilled all the characteristics by his behavior, committed a medical error for which he can be blamed.

Problems of collection and presentation of physical evidence by the investigative team in the implementation of international cooperation in criminal cases

Problems of collection and presentation of physical evidence by the investigative team in the implementation of international cooperation in criminal cases

Electronic Evidence in EU Competition Procedures:

Technological progress has led to globalised access to all types of information, and one’s digital traces are now everywhere. As such, electronic evidence has become an extremely important tool for investigations, yet it lacks a legal framework for its collection and processing. Specifically, the use of electronic evidence in EU competition procedures raises several legal challenges, considering i) the lack of a legal framework for the collection and processing of electronic evidence at the EU level, leading to legal uncertainty; ii) the absence of a harmonised EU procedural framework for the enforcement of EU competition law by Member States, resulting in varying levels of judicial protection and iii) the narrow application of defence and data protection rights in EU competition procedures in light of the said conflicting, but complementary, interests. Keywords: EU competition procedures; electronic evidence; defence rights; data protection rights

VÍDEO EDUCATIVO PARA AUTOCUIDADO DE PACIENTES COM ESTOMIA DE ELIMINAÇÃO INTESTINAL

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the construction of an educational technology to mediate the self-care of cancer patients with intestinal elimination stoma. Method: methodological research, conducted in two stages - situational diagnosis and integrative literature review, carried out in the oncology reference hospital in the city of Belém-Pará, Brazil. The collection was carried out in the period from January to November 2021, through semi-structured interviews, with 10 oncology patients with stomas and in electronic databases. They were analyzed from the perspective of content analysis of the thematic type and supported by the Iramuteq software. Results: from the corpus a tree of similarity emerged, in which the word “Bag” has greater centrality and strong connection with the words, “Care”, “Change”, “Plaque”, “Colostomy” and “Stoma”. Based on this context, an educational video technology was produced. Conclusion: the production of context-based technology favors the collection of social evidence for self-care with the peristomal skin.

Эффективность приказного производства

Writ proceedings are one of the ways to optimize justice, part of the broader concept of simplified procedures. The question of the effectiveness of writ proceedings is still debatable, since a number of practical problems arise in the very procedure for issuing and issuing a court order. Purpose. To analyze the procedures for writ proceedings and the features of a court order as a judicial act from the standpoint of their effectiveness in protecting violated rights. Methodology. The work uses such methods as: analysis, synthesis, formal-logical, comparative, formal-legal. Results. The article substantiates that the conduct of writ proceedings by the court means the administration of justice, since the court evaluates the evidence and resolves the case on the merits. The specificity in the collection and evaluation of evidence, in the implementation of a number of principles of legal proceedings is characteristic not only for writ proceedings, but also for absentee and simplified proceedings. This means that these moments in themselves cannot be indicators of attribution to legal proceedings. The effectiveness of a court order as a judicial act and an executive document is determined by the fact that it 1) resolves the case on the merits; 2) does not require motivation, but requires references to the laws used; 3) is an executive document; 4) is not appealed in the appeal procedure, enters into force by the very fact of extradition; 5) may appeal in cassation. The insurance elements of writ proceedings (procedural guarantees) are: the possibility of filing objections by the debtor; self-control of the court that issued the writ; the possibility of restoring the deadline for filing objections; possibility of cassation appeal against the court order. Order production is moving from paper to electronic, which also increases its efficiency. Conclusion. Despite the existing problems both with the implementation of writ proceedings and with the execution of a court order, in general, the institution of writ proceedings must be recognized as effective. The main role in this conclusion is played by the presence of insurance elements in the rules of writ proceedings, as well as the readiness of its procedures to switch to an electronic format of the case.

Generating fit-for-purpose real-world evidence in Asia: How far are we from closing the gaps?

Evidence generated by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) does not often represent the patient journey and clinical outcomes in the real world due to limited external validity or generalizability. Studies based on real-world data are intended to generalize results to the broader population; however, if the influence of external factors or confounders is not effectively managed, the cause-and-effect relationship and internal validity may be challenged, resulting in flawed results. The collection of quality real-world evidence (RWE) is crucial in Asia as there is often an underrepresentation of Asian populations in RCTs. In addition, few countries in Asia are catching up with the Western world in issuing practical foundational principles and guidance for conducting and adopting evidence for regulatory and reimbursement decisions. However, privacy and data protection laws are generally lagging behind technological developments in electronic medical records. While leveraging RWE in clinical and regulatory decision-making holds excellent potential, collective efforts across industry, governments, and research institutions are required for generating standardized practices and building capabilities for developing fit-for-purpose RWE in Asia.

INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN CYBERSECURITY INCIDENCE RESPONSE AND DIGITAL FORENSIC INVESTIGATION

In the modern interconnected society, large, medium, and small organizations, including governmental and non-governmental organizations, are vulnerable to cyberattacks. When an attack, such as a phishing or ransomware attack, occurs, each of these enterprises must have a dependable or rather established and accurate reference database and platform for appropriate analysis and storage of digital evidence to facilitate a quick and effective response to the attack. Establishing a secure platform for cyber incident response is essential for organizations to minimize the impact of an attack, prevent further damage, and identify and track the source of the attack. This paper critically examines the role of blockchain technology in facilitating safe and secure collection, storage, and analysis of digital evidence in the modern cyber incidence response and digital forensic investigation industry. This paper employs observation, experimentation, and case study methods to investigate how crucial the technology is in different stages of incidence responses and modern forensic investigation. It explores critical aspects such as evidence preservation, the chain of custody, gathering threat intelligence, analyzing computer viruses, and tracking compromised data and funds flow. Its findings imply that the technology is far more efficient than other technologies of the same calibre. By adopting this tool, organizations can improve their incidence response capabilities and increase their chances of successfully identifying and prosecuting cyber attackers. The paper concludes by discussing the potential limitations and challenges of using blockchain technology, offering recommendations for future research on the technology to continue improving the cyber incidence response field. Keywords: Blockchain Technology, Digital Forensics, Forensic Investigation, Incidence Response, Digital Evidence DOI： https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.3.59

Navigating the Complex Landscape of IoT Forensics: Challenges and Emerging Solutions

With the increasing proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices, digital forensics professionals face numerous challenges whilst investigating cybercrimes. The vast number of IoT devices, the heterogeneity of their formats, and the diversity of the data they generate make the identification and collection of relevant evidence a daunting task. In this research paper, we explore the complex landscape of IoT forensics, highlighting the major challenges and emerging solutions. We start by listing the available digital forensics models and frameworks. We then delve into evidence management during different IoT forensic investigation stages such as Identification, Acquisition, Preservation and Protection, Analysis and Correlation, Attack and Deficit Attribution and lastly Presentation. Furthermore, we highlight the current challenges, open issues and major security and privacy concerns related to IoT forensics. Finally, we review the state-of-the-art in IoT forensics, exploring the possible solutions proposed in recent literature. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current IoT forensics ecosystem, the challenges, and proposes the latest possible solutions, which is critical for ensuring the security and integrity of IoT-enabled critical infrastructures and can serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field

3plex enables deep computational investigation of triplex forming lncRNAs

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression through different molecular mechanisms, including DNA binding via the formation of RNA:DNA:DNA triple helices (TPXs). Despite the increasing amount of experimental evidence, TPXs investigation remains challenging. Here we present 3plex, a software able to predict TPX interactions in silico. Given an RNA sequence and a set of DNA sequences, 3plex integrates 1) Hoogsteen pairing rules that describe the biochemical interactions between RNA and DNA nucleotides, 2) RNA secondary structure prediction and 3) determination of the TPX thermal stability derived from a collection of TPX experimental evidences. We systematically collected and uniformly re-analysed published experimental lncRNA binding sites on human and mouse genomes. We used these data to evaluate 3plex performance and showed that its specific features allow a reliable identification of TPX interactions. We compared 3plex with the other available software and obtained comparable or even better accuracy at a fraction of the computation time. Interestingly, by inspecting collected data with 3plex we found that TPXs tend to be shorter and more degenerated than previously expected and that the majority of analysed lncRNAs can directly bind to the genome by TPX formation. Those results suggest that an important fraction of lncRNAs can exert its biological function through this mechanism. The software is available at https://github.com/molinerisLab/3plex.

Navigating the Complex Landscape of IoT Forensics: Challenges and Emerging Solutions

With the increasing proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices, digital forensics professionals face numerous challenges whilst investigating cybercrimes. The vast number of IoT devices, the heterogeneity of their formats, and the diversity of the data they generate make the identification and collection of relevant evidence a daunting task. In this research paper, we explore the complex landscape of IoT forensics, highlighting the major challenges and emerging solutions. We start by listing the available digital forensics models and frameworks. We then delve into evidence management during different IoT forensic investigation stages such as Identification, Acquisition, Preservation and Protection, Analysis and Correlation, Attack and Deficit Attribution and lastly Presentation. Furthermore, we highlight the current challenges, open issues and major security and privacy concerns related to IoT forensics. Finally, we review the state-of-the-art in IoT forensics, exploring the possible solutions proposed in recent literature. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current IoT forensics ecosystem, the challenges, and proposes the latest possible solutions, which is critical for ensuring the security and integrity of IoT-enabled critical infrastructures and can serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field

The Virgin Mary's Book at the Annunciation: Reading, Interpretation, and Devotion in Medieval England

The Virgin Mary's Book at the Annunciation: Reading, Interpretation, and Devotion in Medieval England

D. Michael Quinn: Mormon Historian

D. Michael Quinn: Mormon Historian

A systematic map of knowledge exchange across the science‐policy interface for forest science: How can we improve consistency and effectiveness?

Abstract Knowledge produced by scientists is essential to the policy and practice of managing natural resources, including forests. However, there has never been systematic mapping of which techniques in knowledge exchange (KE) have been applied in the forest sciences, by whom, and to what effect. We examined KE techniques documented in the forest sciences globally. We used standardized search strings in English and French across two academic search engines (BASE and Scopus) and a specialist website (ResearchGate) to locate relevant items. We screened items, extracted data, conducted qualitative and quantitative analysis, and built a network visualization diagram to demonstrate knowledge flow. Our final map included 122 items published from 1998 to 2020, with most published after 2010. Items mentioned organizations from 66 countries as knowledge producers or users. The interactive network visualization diagram displays linkages between organizations, sectors and countries. We found that most of the KE activity involved the Global North (89%). Governments were the most common knowledge users, and industry was frequently reported as a user but rarely a producer. Academia was both producer and user. Indigenous, local, traditional or community knowledge was included in 24% of items, but these communities were not associated with any coauthor affiliations. Reported funders were universities, governments, non‐profits or foundations. We found 90 unique terms in the items related to KE with less than 25% of terms used in more than one item. Fifteen per cent of item keywords related to KE. The most commonly identified enabling conditions for KE were trust, funding and established relationships, while major barriers were challenges for translation of science and lack of time. To improve searchability of information related to KE and encourage a culture of considering KE in scientific research and forest management work, we recommend a common lexicon of ‘knowledge exchange’/‘échange de connaisances’. We recommend that more effort be given to forest science‐related KE connections between the Global North and South as well as a deliberate collection of evidence for the effectiveness of KE techniques. Researchers and practitioners can use our KE typology to identify their goals and design appropriate evaluation measures.

Adapting the Healthy Work Environment Assessment Tool for French-Canadian Intensive Care Nurses.

Self-administered instruments are used to measure components of work environments that cannot be measured directly. The Healthy Work Environment Assessment Tool (HWEAT) of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses is a promising instrument. However, it is available only in English and Japanese, precluding its use in other populations and cross-national comparisons. To describe the Canadian French translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the HWEAT (F-HWEAT) and to explore its factor structure and psychometric properties. Cross-cultural adaptation of the HWEAT and collection of evidence of validity via an electronic cross-sectional survey. A total of 564 intensive care unit nurses participated in the validation study. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the presence of a single overarching factor measured by the F-HWEAT. The Cronbach α for the instrument was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.88-0.91). The mean and median interitem correlations were both 0.32, and item-partial total correlations ranged from 0.33 to 0.64. The overall F-HWEAT score indicated that nurses believed their work environment needed improvements. Moderate positive correlations were found between the overall F-HWEAT score and nurses' perceptions of care quality (r = 0.45 [95% CI, 0.38-0.51]) and safety (r = 0.48 [95% CI, 0.40-0.55]). The results support the use of the F-HWEAT in French-speaking populations. Using the F-HWEAT will help elucidate areas needing improvement and expand global dialogues about healthy critical care work environments. With this information, nurse leaders and researchers can develop and implement modern strategies to improve the work conditions of intensive care unit nurses.

Electronic Evidence Collection in Cases of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office : Legal Framework, Procedures, and Specifics

Electronic Evidence Collection in Cases of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office : Legal Framework, Procedures, and Specifics

Pattern of Medico-Legal Cases in the Casualty Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Moradabad District

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Casualty or now labeled as “Emergency department” by National Medical Commission of India,the name of the department itself explains that every emergency case should enter into any hospital throughthat department, including Medico-legal cases. Casualty medical officer is the first treating doctor and it is his/her responsibility to determine either the case should be labeled as medico-legal or not and then accordinglyintimation to police, documentation and report submission is done in regards to evidence collection and appearin the court as expert witness.Objective: In present study, an attempt is made to know the pattern and magnitude of medico-legal cases.Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study which was conducted in TeerthankerMahaveer Medical College & research Hospital, Moradabad to study pattern of medicolegal cases for one year(from 1st August 2021 to 31st July 2022).Observation and Result: This study revealed that, road traffic accidents (RTA) constituted majority (58.31%) ofmedico-legal cases followed by poisoning (13.24%) and fall from height (10.14%). Majority of cases were male(73.24%). The most of the cases were in the age group 21-30 years i.e. 34.65%. The most of cases were reported incasualty between 06.00 p.m. to 11.59 p.m. (38.31%) followed by 12.00 p.m. to 06.00 p.m. (32.11%). The maximumcase were reported in October (16.06%) followed by November (12.96%). The most of cases reported in Rainyseason (July-October) (36.06%) followed by winter (33.24%).Conclusion: In our study, road traffic accidents constituted most common type of medicolegal case and malesoutrun female cases. Most common age group was 21-30 years. Most cases occurred in the month of Octoberwhile rainy season was common in regards to seasonal variation. Most of the cases encountered between 06.00pm to 11.59 pm. Most of the cases were, from outside of Moradabad region constituting.

Integrating body-worn cameras, drones, and AI: A framework for enhancing police readiness and response

Abstract The combined use of body-worn cameras (BWCs), drones, and artificial intelligence (AI) within the context of policing represents a significant advancement in policing methodology. This article presents a comprehensive framework for (a) the integrated use of these technologies to promote real-time situational awareness, heightened evidence collection, enhanced officer and public safety, improved operational efficiency, cognizant of compliance with ethical and privacy standards; and (b) an evaluation approach to the combined technology application. Illustration of the framework application to historical high-profile events presents a unique lens to assess potential outcomes and advantages, fostering and informing on a comprehensive discussion on future policing policies. This examination aims to offer a practical approach for implementing a synergistic BWCs, drones, and AI framework to leverage policing initiatives.

How Do Lead Auditor Instructions Influence Component Auditors’ Evidence Collection Decisions? The Joint Influence of Construal Interpretations and Responsibility

How Do Lead Auditor Instructions Influence Component Auditors’ Evidence Collection Decisions? The Joint Influence of Construal Interpretations and Responsibility