Digital Data Collection Research Articles

Investigating the characteristics of health-related data collection tools used in randomised controlled trials in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review

IntroductionHealth-related data collection tools, including digital ones, have become more prevalent across clinical studies in the last number of years. However, using digital data collection tools in low-income and middle-income...

Digital Policing ; Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi Dalam Pelaksanaan Tugas Intelijen Kepolisian untuk Mencegah Kejahatan Siber (Cybercrime)

After the sociological transformation of society to a digital society with the support of the internet network, most behavioural habits, culture have also changed. Including financial transactions that used to be carried out conventionally since the last decade using various application platforms. Various crimes, especially online fraud crimes, are increasingly threatening and increasing significantly with various modus operandi that change and continue to develop. The development of digital technology has not been maximally utilised by police intelligence to prevent various forms of crime. Police intelligence has not used digital technology to the fullest to collect information and conduct digital data collection. This has resulted in slow anticipation of various potential cyber crimes. Digital policing in the implementation of police intelligence tasks needs to be continuously developed by investing in the latest technological equipment in order to realise a predictive, responsive and transparent police force with justice.The approach in this research is qualitative research with a literature study method by analysing books, journals, media news related to the use of technology in police intelligence tasks.

REVOLUTIONIZING COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT: THE POWER OF DIGITAL BIOMARKERS AND ECOLOGICALLY VALID METHODS

Abstract Digital technologies have allowed neuropsychologists to utilize process-based approaches to assess cognitive function and change. Traditional methods of neuropsychological assessment involve obtaining single scores (often composites) to represent cognitive function. However, modern process-based techniques involve the use of digital data collection to acquire insights into both the manner and reasoning behind an individual’s performance. The present study will share insights into the task development and validation of active and passive digital cognitive assessments from two longitudinal studies of aging: (1) a study of non-dementia participants (N=322), ultra-brief mobile cognitive tests were administered up to six times per day for two weeks; and (2) a neuro-exergaming study (N=31) enrolling patients with MCI and their co-residing study partner, where participants used a study-provided tablet to complete a neuro-exergaming protocol and digital cognitive assessments (e.g., digital trailmaking and eStroop). We analyzed both traditional and process-based metrics in two studies, including mean response time and patterns of inaccuracy. Study one found significant correlations between MCI status and metrics for survey completion time, working memory, and processing speed. Study two found weak to moderate correlations between cognitive function measures from digital and paper-based neuropsychology. Our findings suggest that remote self-administered digital measures can detect subtle cognitive changes. The event-level data, which is collected through a process-based approach, has enormous untapped potential for discovering and confirming novel digital biomarkers of cognitive health and progression that can be monitored beyond clinical settings.

Анализ методов подготовки и преобразования информации, поступающей в хранилища данных для эффективного управления горнотехнической системой

The article assesses the existing methods of data collection and processing in the industry and proposes an alternative option of data processing to manage mining engineering systems at various stages of their operation. It is demonstrated that the formed volume of information that comes with different frequency rates and requires dedicated processing, structuring and analysis methods forms a system of big data and serves to enhance the efficiency of implementing geotechnical processes. A possible unified structure of data acquisition from digital sources of mining engineering system is presented. An analysis is provided of possible methods to process data for analytical purposes and for searching implicit dependencies and solving problems of predictive analytics. Tools for data collection and storage are proposed to create a unified system of big data analysis for management of mining engineering systems. It is stated that in order to create a unified analytical system for collection of digital data from a mining system, it is necessary to use standard industrial protocols for data collection and storage, for instance MQTT, used as an industry standard in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems in accordance with requirements of ISO/ IEC 20922:2016. Storage requires the use of a conventional queue broker architecture, as well as a tool for working with the time series which is required to apply machine learning and big data methods. The approach to data classification in terms of the data acquisition speed proposed in the article makes it possible to standardize the data handling principles. Since the volume of transmitted data does not depend on the frequency of acquiring information from a digital source, it is proposed to transmit all the generated data from a digital source for subsequent search of implicit dependencies between the data. It is noted that application of specific methods and algorithms to analyze data of a mining system depends primarily on the task set which is often formed as a hypothesis to be tested by identifying implicit dependencies between different data sources. In order to improve the efficiency of managing a mining system at all the stages of field development, it is proposed to apply the ELT approach, which can be an important advantage in terms of controlling the technological processes of the mining system in the future.

A novel blockchain-based digital forensics framework for preserving evidence and enabling investigation in industrial Internet of Things

To address challenges in digital evidence collection and responsibility determination for industrial safety accidents involving industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) device nodes, this paper proposes a blockchain-based digital forensic scheme within the IIoT communication architecture. The scheme utilizes a decentralized blockchain storage mechanism to enable remote storage of digital forensic data. Additionally, it leverages smart contract mechanisms to facilitate efficient retrieval and tracing of related evidence chains. To enhance data security of IIoT device nodes, a token mechanism is implemented for access control. Moreover, to meet real-time evidence acquisition requirements in IIoT, an efficient batch consensus mechanism is proposed. Experimental simulations demonstrate the superiority of the novel consensus algorithm compared to the traditional Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPOS) consensus in the proposed scheme for the IIoT environment. It meets speed requirements for evidence collection, ensuring tamper-proof, non-repudiable, and permanent storage of digital forensic data. Consequently, the application of blockchain technology for judicial access and evidence storage has made significant contributions to digital forensics within the IIoT context.

Pengaruh literasi digital terhadap kemampuan guru dalam mengoperasikan aplikasi rapor digital sekolah dasar

<p class="Abstract">The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not there is an influence of digital literacy on teachers' ability to operate the digital report card application for elementary schools in Musuk District. This study is a type of descriptive associative quantitative research. The study population was all elementary school teachers in Musuk sub-district. Sample selection using the Slovin formula with error rate 5%. Digital literacy data collection techniques for elementary school teachers and teachers' ability to operate digital report card applications were taken using questionnaires through Google Form media. The data analysis techniques used are prerequisite analysis tests and hypothesis tests. The results of the study explain that digital literacy affects teachers' skills in operating digital report card applications. This influence is positive where the contribution of digital literacy influence on teachers' ability to operate report card applications is 42%. The low coefficient of determination of 0.420 shows that digital literacy variables are not the only factor that affects teachers' ability to operate digital report card applications.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Digital Literacy, Teacher's ability to operate Application, Digital Report Card Application </p>

NatIonal Danish endocarditis stUdieS – Design and objectives of the NIDUS registry

AimsThe National Danish endocarditis stUdieS (NIDUS) registry aims to investigate the mechanisms contributing to the increasing incidence of IE and to discover risk factors associated to the course, treatment and clinical outcomes of the disease. MethodsThe NIDUS registry was created to investigate a nationwide unselected group of patients hospitalized for infective endocarditis (IE). The National Danish healthcare registries have been queried for validated IE diagnosis codes (International Classification of Disease, 10th edition (ICD-10): DI33, DI38, and DI398). Subsequently, a team of 28 healthcare professionals, including experts in endocarditis, will systematically review and evaluate all identified patient records using the modified Duke Criteria and the 2015 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) modified diagnostic criteria. The registry will contain all cases with definite or possible IE found in primary data sources in Denmark between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021. We will gather individual patient data, such as clinical, microbiological, and echocardiographic characteristics, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes. A digital data collection form will be used to the gathering of data. A sample of approximately 4,300 individual patients will be evaluated using primary data sources. Conclusion and perspectivesThe NIDUS registry will be the first comprehensive nationwide IE registry, contributing critical knowledge about the course, treatment, and clinical outcomes of the disease. Additionally, it will significantly aid in identifying areas in which future research is needed.

Digital is the New Blood: Enabling the Present and the Future

AbstractBackgroundDigital is the new blood, where collection, use, and storage of raw digital data streams enabled by technology‐embedded sensors are replacing analog methods. Analyses of digital data extend beyond current applications, analogous to previously stored blood currently be used for omics/biomarker research. Today digital technologies are used to measure Alzheimer’s disease (AD)‐related clinical symptoms (e.g., cognition, function, and behavior), but future possibilities remain to be determined. Importantly, digital data collection can go beyond current intermittent sampling by employing internet‐connected applications and devices that allow real‐time monitoring and accurate detection of changes, even within a widely heterogeneous spectrum.MethodBeginning in 2005, the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) began digitally recording participants’ spoken responses to neuropsychological (NP) test questions, and in 2011 extended to a digital pen to record written responses. The emergence of wearable devices and smartphone applications has led to an expanded use of digital technologies beyond recordings during NP assessments. The Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (BU ADRC) leverages digital sensors in multiple internet‐connected devices that longitudinally collect digital data, in both in‐person and remote settings.ResultThe first publication involving FHS digital data was in 2016; the remaining (n> 17) have been from 2020‐current. Digital data measuring cognition, function and behavior are being collected through the BU ADRC, where results to date indicate nearly 100% and 75% uptake of active and passive engagement applications, respectively, and 95% uptake for wearable devices (n = 60). Longitudinal assessments include > 3 months for ∼50 participants; > 1 year for n∼21 participants.ConclusionOpportunities for improved trial outcome measurement are evident in the broad range of outcomes digital sensors capture beyond traditional research methodologies. Digital tools are being deployed for rapid screening for clinical trial inclusion, but more transformative opportunities are still to come. Replacing the sporadic and highly heterogeneous measures of cognition and related behaviors with more accurate measures that track treatment impact in real‐time at the individual level will shift the concept of clinically meaningful outcomes from group indicators to personalized ones. Digital is central to the realization of virtual clinical trial monitoring for precision treatment effects.

E‐FINGERPRINT Pilot Study: Assessing the feasibility of digital data collection and multidomain lifestyle guidance towards the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing eFINGER‐PRINT Pilot Study is a is a pioneering virtual feasibility study to evaluate different methodologies for recruitment and digital phenotyping in the context of readiness cohorts. In addition, the pilot aims to test virtual cognitive and other tools in their ability to detect changes in cognitive performance and lifestyle parameters over time, and associations between changes across other key health outcomes. The one‐year study was initiated in May 2022.MethodCognitively unimpaired individuals (up to 500) aged 60+ years residing in London, were recruited through the Cognitive Health in Ageing Register for Investigational and Observational Trials (CHARIOT). Inclusion criteria include no dementia diagnosis, access to the internet and a suitable device and English competency with no significant visual or auditory disability. The study collects subjective demographics, comorbidities, and health behaviours, sleep, frailty, functional abilities, and subjective memory symptoms, through repeated 4‐monthly questionnaire surveys administered online. Longitudinal cognitive data were obtained via a validated online cognitive assessment platform, and included customised assessments shown to be sensitive to AD related cognitive decline. Furthermore, participants are invited to join a preventative multi‐domain lifestyle guidance, based on repeated self‐reported evaluations of modifiable risk factors and a healthy lifestyle index, using a mobile, application. By joining the application, participants receive also bi‐monthly online educational literature on dementia prevention and healthy ageing, including guidance on nutrition and physical exercise and are asked to complete a variety of e‐based mental activities, targeting cognitive domains, such as memory, mental agility, visuospatial, and attention.ResultA minimum recruitment rate of 20% and a retention rate of 50% will provide a methodological template for the e‐FINGER PRINT study. Furthermore, participant feedback and experience will aid in optimising recruitment processes, user acceptability and sustainability of the selected digital tools. A low attrition rate will indicate a positive user experience.ConclusionThe pilot study will inform the design of the eFINGER PRINT main study, a five years’ large‐scale virtual FINGER‐based study that will be conducted in Greater London (2023‐2028). Given the promise of economic sustainability, utility of e‐based tools for disease prevention can offer dramatic up‐scalability and allow for the implementation of a prescriptive medicinal approach.

S11: Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Psychogeriatrics: Opening Multiple Frontiers

Symposium OverviewOverall Abstract:The past decade has seen an explosion in the growth of technologies in mental health. Particularly, the scaled adoption of virtual care catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic has opened up new frontiers in how digital tools can be incorporated into psychiatry. No area of mental health care is as ripe for digital innovation as psychogeriatrics. In this session, an international group of clinicians and researchers will demonstrate how digital health in psychogeriatrics represents multiple cutting edges of innovation.Our symposium will include 4 presentations, that represent original research from the USA, Ecuador, Norway, Kosovo and Australia. We will highlight clinical applications of these digital tools and aligned issues such as improved care access in low- and middle-income countries, the ethics of digital data collection and the potential for creating new liabilities.We will focus on four distinct technologies and applications. Dr. Ipsit Vahia will discuss passive environmental sensing supported by signal processing and artificial intelligence (AI) in guiding treatment decision making, especially in dementia care. His presentation will include discussions on how AI can be incorporated into care while also preserving autonomy. Dr. Kreshnik Hoti will discuss the application of AI on voice-based signals to determine changes in pain levels and psychopathology. His presentation will include research conducted in collaboration between teams based in Australia and Kosovo and through a public-private partnership with a digital health startup. Dr. Ana Trueba will focus on digital interventions, specifically virtual reality (VR). She will present data from two studies, one from McLean hospital In the US, and the other from Ecuador that explore how VR can deliver evidence-based non-pharmacologic interventions. Dr. Bettina Husebø will present data from a project she oversees in Norway. Her talk will discuss how care in nursing homes can be improved by incorporating a range of digital approaches into nursing home care paradigms. A particular focus will be on the relationship between pain and behavior symptoms and dementia among nursing home dwelling older adults.Thus, the symposium will address diagnostics, treatment and systems level care and how New technologies are shaping the evolution of psychogeriatrics worldwide.

NCOG-20. WEARABLE DEVICE DATA QUANTIFY DISEASE PROGRESSION IN HIGH GRADE GLIOMA AND MAY PROVIDE NOVEL OUTCOME MEASURES

Abstract BACKGROUND Functional status is a prognostic measure of survival in high grade glioma (HGG). Real-time monitoring between clinical encounters can extend the reach of care and provide actionable insights to drive more personalized and proactive care. We present data from the completed BrainWear Study, a highly novel study evaluating if data captured via a wrist-worn wearable device in patients with HGG can be used to explain, influence and/or predict cancer-related outcomes. Materials and METHODS All participants agreed to wear a wrist-worn Axivity AX3 triaxial accelerometer changed at 14-day intervals. Raw accelerometer data was processed using the UKBiobank Accelerometer analysis package v6.2.3 for Python and inclusion of high-quality wear time selected as ≥72 hours of data over 7-days. We analysed variation in activity by patient demographics and MRI result utilising the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria. Patient reported outcomes (PROs) were completed at planned study timepoints. Wilcoxin-signed rank test was used to compare participant activity at timepoints of stable or progressive disease (PD). Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate changes in activity. RESULTS 12512 days of accelerometer data were recorded from 56 patients (36 male; 20 female) with a median age of 60 years. 80% of the data were characterised as high-quality. Mean acceleration(mg) and time spent walking daily(h/day) correlated positively with the global health QOL and physical functioning scores and inversely with the fatigue score from PROs. In the 6-weeks surrounding an MRI scan, patients with PD walked on average 1856 steps less per day than those with stable disease, and spent 22 minutes less walking (p=0.0403). Several wearable data daily physical activity measures demonstrated statistically significant change at the time of PD. CONCLUSION Remote monitoring data can complement snapshots of health gathered during clinical visits. Collection of digital data hold promise for novel HGG trial outcome measure development.

Digitalization of maintenance activities in small and medium-sized enterprises: A conceptual framework

Asset management and digitalization are two timely research topics, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs continue to struggle with implementing digital technologies while retaining effective asset management processes within maintenance and after-sales service. Therefore, this paper develops a conceptual framework that integrates technological and organizational factors for digitalizing maintenance processes in SMEs. Furthermore, this paper steps away from the prevalent high-tech narrative, to explore how SMEs practically can implement digital technologies amidst common constraints. A focal point of this study is leveraging existing technologies and data for low-cost optimizations as a practical steppingstone for SMEs, bridging the gap between high-tech digital discussions and SMEs' real-world scenarios. The framework addresses three theoretical challenges in the existing literature, drawing on multiple case studies, and employing pragmatic research methods. It offers a conceptual tool for assessing the digital maturity of maintenance processes in SMEs and identifying areas for improvement. Based on the framework, low-performing domains across the case studies are pinpointed for future research. These domains encompass technical competencies within information systems, strategic efforts, and human capital within prototyping, and organizational culture within digital data collection and analysis.

6 Remote Smartphone Cognitive and Motor Testing in Frontotemporal Dementia Research: Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity

Objective:Therapeutics targeting frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are entering clinical trials. There are challenges to conducting these studies, including the relative rarity of the disease. Remote assessment tools could increase access to clinical research and pave the way for decentralized clinical trials. We developed the ALLFTD Mobile App, a smartphone application that includes assessments of cognition, speech/language, and motor functioning. The objectives were to determine the feasibility and acceptability of collecting remote smartphone data in a multicenter FTD research study and evaluate the reliability and validity of the smartphone cognitive and motor measures.Participants and Methods:A diagnostically mixed sample of 207 participants with FTD or from familial FTD kindreds (CDR®+NACC-FTLD=0 [n=91]; CDR®+NACC-FTLD=0.5 [n=39]; CDR®+NACC-FTLD>1 [n=39]; unknown [n=38]) were asked to remotely complete a battery of tests on their smartphones three times over two weeks. Measures included five executive functioning (EF) tests, an adaptive memory test, and participant experience surveys. A subset completed smartphone tests of balance at home (n=31) and a finger tapping test (FTT) in the clinic (n=11). We analyzed adherence (percentage of available measures that were completed) and user experience. We evaluated Spearman-Brown split-half reliability (100 iterations) using the first available assessment for each participant. We assessed test-retest reliability across all available assessments by estimating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). To investigate construct validity, we fit regression models testing the association of the smartphone measures with gold-standard neuropsychological outcomes (UDS3-EF composite [Staffaroni et al., 2021], CVLT3-Brief Form [CVLT3-BF] Immediate Recall, mechanical FTT), measures of disease severity (CDR®+NACC-FTLD Box Score & Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale [PSPRS]), and regional gray matter volumes (cognitive tests only).Results:Participants completed 70% of tasks. Most reported that the instructions were understandable (93%), considered the time commitment acceptable (97%), and were willing to complete additional assessments (98%). Split-half reliability was excellent for the executive functioning (r’s=0.93-0.99) and good for the memory test (r=0.78). Test-retest reliabilities ranged from acceptable to excellent for cognitive tasks (ICC: 0.70-0.96) and were excellent for the balance (ICC=0.97) and good for FTT (ICC=0.89). Smartphone EF measures were strongly associated with the UDS3-EF composite (ß's=0.6-0.8, all p<.001), and the memory test was strongly correlated with total immediate recall on the CVLT3-BF (ß=0.7, p<.001). Smartphone FTT was associated with mechanical FTT (ß=0.9, p=.02), and greater acceleration on the balance test was associated with more motor features (ß=0.6, p=0.02). Worse performance on all cognitive tests was associated with greater disease severity (ß's=0.5-0.7, all p<.001). Poorer performance on the smartphone EF tasks was associated with smaller frontoparietal/subcortical volume (ß's=0.4-0.6, all p<.015) and worse memory scores with smaller hippocampal volume (ß=0.5, p<.001).Conclusions:These results suggest remote digital data collection of cognitive and motor functioning in FTD research is feasible and acceptable. These findings also support the reliability and validity of unsupervised ALLFTD Mobile App cognitive tests and provide preliminary support for the motor measures, although further study in larger samples is required.

A Bayesian Framework for Digital Twin-Based Control, Monitoring, and Data Collection in Wireless Systems

A Bayesian Framework for Digital Twin-Based Control, Monitoring, and Data Collection in Wireless Systems

Penyusunan Rencana Pembangunan Desa Berdasarkan Data Sarana Dan Prasarana Dalam Sistem Informasi Desa Pada Desa Teratak, Kec. Rumbio Jaya, Kab. Kampar, Provinsi Riau

Village development plan preparation activies are carried out using a database that is already in the SID. Some of the data that will be used is village facilities and indrastructure data. The aim of this years PKM activity is to Provide Guidance to village government officials in preparing village development plans based on village facilities and infrastructure data in the SID. The method that will be used by the PKM team will be carried out in two stages of activity. This stage of activity begins with the preparation stage and then continues with the implementation stage. Preparation stage activities include: Coordination with village Apparatus, division of colloborative tasks with village apparatus and PKM team, collection and grouping of digital and non digital data, compilation of facilities and infrasrtucture data in SID. Meanwhile the activity implementaion stages include.: Evaluation of the previous RPJMDes, formation of the drafting tea, meeting of the drafting team in the context of aglining develpment policy direction, preparation of planning and design of the RPJMDes, determination of the RPJMDes. The impact of this activity is (1) The village has a village development planning document refeering to the complete, accurate and up to date condition of village facilities and infrastructure via SID. (2) The village has village government officials who are skilled at managing the village information system and utilizing it to improve community contributes to the preparation of village development planning by providding information directly through SID.

Digitalisation in pre-purchase examination and prospects for an equine health database in Germany-Results of an online survey among equine veterinarians.

Digital recording and storage of health data are becoming increasingly important in the fields of both human and veterinary medicine. There is currently a lack of information on the level of digitalisation among equine veterinarians in Germany and their attitudes towards advanced digitalisation. To collect opinions of equine veterinarians about (1) digital data collection in pre-purchase examinations (PPEs), and (2) the establishment of an equine health database in Germany. Cross-sectional survey. An online survey was developed and distributed via email exclusively to equine veterinarians in Germany. After 40 days of data collection, answers were used for descriptive statistical analyses. The survey was sent to 1055 recipients, of which 147 (13.9%) participated and 130 survey responses from equine veterinarians could be used for analyses. Most respondents were working in an equine practice (77.9%) and performing PPEs (93.8%), for which they mostly used printed protocols (86.0%). The PPE protocol of the German Equine Veterinary Association as a paper print was the format most frequently used (47.1%). The majority of participating equine veterinarians (90.2%) would use a digital protocol for PPEs if available. Concerns were expressed about user-friendliness (55.9%) and integration into the daily veterinary routine (54.6%). Regarding the establishment of an equine health database, 72.3% of the respondents stated they would appreciate it. However, about one-third would support such a development only under certain conditions: guaranteed data safety, collection of objective data or involving the opinion of other stakeholders. Low response rate, potential non-response bias and wide range of question topics. A positive attitude towards digital PPEs and an equine health database in Germany became apparent. To facilitate further progress, it would be crucial to consider the concerns and conditions identified in this study to generate maximum compliance.

Researching hard-to-reach populations: lessons learned from dispersed migrant communities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues in studying hard-to-reach or dispersed populations, with particular focus on methodologies used to collect data and to investigate dispersed migrant entrepreneurs, illustrating shortcomings, pitfalls and potentials of accessing and disseminating research to hard-to-reach populations of migrant entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methodology is proposed to access hard-to-reach or dispersed populations, and this paper explores these using a sample of Brazilian migrants settled in different countries of the world.FindingsThis paper explores empirical challenges, illustrating shortcomings, pitfalls and potentials of accessing and disseminating research to hard-to-reach populations of migrant entrepreneurs. It provides insights by reporting research experiences developed over time by this group of researchers, reflecting a “mixing” of methods for accessing respondents, contrasting to a more rigid, a-priori, mixed methods approach.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper is to showcase experiences from, and suitability of, remote data collection, especially for projects that cannot accommodate the physical participation of researchers, either because of time or cost constraints. It reports on researching migrant entrepreneurship overseas. Remote digital tools and online data collection are highly relevant due to time- and cost-efficiency, but also represent solutions for researching dispersed populations. These approaches presented allow for overcoming several barriers to data collection and present instrumental characteristics for migrant research.

Core analysis in a changing world – how technology is radically benefiting the methodology to acquire, the ability to visualize and the ultimate value of core data

Abstract Core analysts principally study the storage, flow and saturation properties of porous rocks and sediments. Some of the derived parameters are specific to hydrocarbon production but many have commonality with other subsurface disciplines such as hydrology and soil science. Traditional core analysis involves direct physical experimentation on core plugs to derive a range of parameters used as calibration for conventional well logs, and to predict hydrocarbon reserves and recovery. The mechanisms and processes for obtaining such data have evolved significantly during the last century, from the manual instruments of the mid-twentieth century to the accredited digital data collection and recording of the 1990s onwards. X-ray micro- and nano-scale computed tomography (CT) imaging led to the development of the digital rock physics subdiscipline in the early 2000s. This has subsequently allowed direct visualization of fluid flow at the pore scale, imaging the wetting phase and multiphase fluid mobility. Multiscale imaging workflows are being developed to overcome issues around heterogeneous rock and the limited field of view associated with the highest resolution X-ray CT images. Hybrid workflows, which combine digital rock physics with traditional core analysis, are becoming increasingly common to meet the challenges associated with some of the most difficult to constrain properties, such as relative permeability. At a larger scale, the recent development of multisensor core logging (MSCL) tools has allowed the cost-effective acquisition of essentially continuous high-resolution 1D, 2D and 3D datasets from both slabbed and unslabbed whole core. Often aided by artificial intelligence to manage and interpret these large physical and chemical datasets, both new and legacy core can be rapidly screened to allow representative subsampling for detailed laboratory experimentation. The context and data provided by the MSCL then allows effective upscaling of these time- and cost-intensive point-source measurements. In the last decade, extended reality (XR) has resulted in a step change in the ability to visualize and integrate core and core-derived information with other subsurface datasets. A very wide range of scales can be managed effectively, from micrometre- to centimetre-scale petrographical and core analysis data, to metre-scale well logs and up to kilometre-scale 3D and 4D seismic. These tools allow stakeholders to work and meet from any location in a common workspace, and efficiently scale and interrogate data in a virtual 3D environment. The various advances in core analysis and associated technologies during the early twenty-first century mean that the study of porous media to help enable the energy transition looks assured. During the coming decades, applications as diverse as carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), hydrogen storage, geothermal energy generation, mining for critical minerals, palaeoclimate studies, radioactive waste management, and site surveys for windfarms will all continue to benefit from the data and understanding derived from core analysis.

Small rodent monitoring at Birkebeiner Road, Norway.

Northern small mammal populations are renowned for their multi-annual population cycles. Population cycles are multi-faceted and have extensive impacts on the rest of the ecosystem. In 2011, we started a student-based research activity to monitor the variation of small rodent density along an elevation gradient following the Birkebeiner Road, in southeast Norway. Fieldwork was conducted by staff and students at the University campus Evenstad, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, which has a long history of researching cyclic population dynamics. The faculty has a strong focus on engaging students in all parts of the research activities, including data collection. Small rodents were monitored using a set of snap trap stations. Trapped animals were measured (e.g. body mass, body length, sex) and dissected to assess their reproductive status. We also characterised the vegetation at trapping sites. We provide a dataset of small rodent observations that show fluctuating population dynamics across an elevation gradient (300 m to 1,100 m a.s.l) and in contrasting habitats. This dataset encompasses three peaks of the typical 3-4-year vole population cycles; the number of small rodents and shrews captured show synchrony and peaked in years 2014, 2017 and 2021. The bank vole Myodesglareolus was by far (87%) the most common species trapped, but also other species were observed (including shrews). We provide digital data collection forms and highlight the importance of long-term data collection.

Implementing CARE Principles to Link Noongar Language and Knowledge to Western Science through the Atlas of Living Australia

Implementing CARE Principles to Link Noongar Language and Knowledge to Western Science through the Atlas of Living Australia