Collection Of Blood Components Research Articles

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell collection from patients undergoing adoptive immunotherapy or peripheral blood‐derived stem cell transplantation and from healthy donors

The demand for collection of mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood of patients for therapeutic purposes is rapidly increasing. Automated blood cell separators are usually designed for collection of blood components from healthy donors. We reviewed safety and efficiency of collection data of a new procedure for the Fenwal CS 3000 blood cell separator in 125 collections from normal donors and 101 collections from patients after IL-2 pretreatment or chemotherapy. The new procedure set red blood cell spillovers to occur at 3.5 minute intervals, using procedure 1 with the interface detector set at 1,000 and the standard granulocyte and collection chambers. Despite significant anemia and thrombocytopenia in a large number of patients no serious procedure-related side effects occurred. The lymphocyte yield was 4.74 +/- 1.6 x 10(9) per 5 liters of blood processed in normal donors and 24.2 +/- 12.0 x 10(9) per 10 liters of blood processed after IL-2 treatment. After chemotherapy the lymphocyte yield was 4.5 +/- 3.1 x 10(9) per 10 liters of blood processed; the collection efficiency was found to be significantly lower in this group. The main problem was the platelet loss of 35.6 +/- 12% of the initial count in normal donors, 40.3 +/- 14.1% after IL-2 treatment, and 42.1 +/- 18.0% after chemotherapy. The platelet loss is, however, closely related to the preapheresis platelet count; patients with thrombocytopenia lose fewer platelets than normal donors. Therefore the procedure was found to be safe for patients with a platelet count as low as 20/nl. This report provides a basis for safe, effective mononuclear cell collection from patients with very abnormal peripheral blood counts.

オープン採血方式および移動採血車によるドナー・アフェレーシスの検討

The initial report of the New Blood Program Advisory Committee stated that the quantity of donated blood needed to meet domestic requirements for manufacturing blood coagulation factor preparations is currently estimated to be 480, 000 liters.We collected blood components (each 400ml PPP or PRP) from 1, 552 donors during 59 sessions at facilities other than blood center between May 10, 1988 and March 31, 1990 in the area of the Kitaosaka Red Cross Blood Center. We also were able to obtain blood components (each 400ml PPP) from 368 donors during another 28 collection campaign sessions, using blood collection vehicles, between February 16, 1989 and March 31, 1990 in the area of the Kitaosaka Red Cross Blood Center. Donor apheresis outside blood center is conducted at companies, health centers, city offices, churches or in blood collection vehicles. Therefore, in comparison to blood center or donation room, space is limited in many cases and the auditory and visual atmosphere is generally less pleasing. In addition, we need to work toward converting former whole blood donors into donors from whom we can collect blood components. However, in order to promote blood donation campaigns, we must expand donor apheresis outside the blood center program.Comparing donor apheresis in collection vehicles with that in facilities other than blood center and donation room, although the level of donor relaxation and nurse mainpulation suffers in the vehicles, the moving of equipment, shipping and moving the collection site are much easier.These experiences have led to the following conclusion regarding future blood component collection campaigns. In addition to the use of blood collection vehicles to collect whole blood, a more effective procedure would be to obtain blood components from donors at as many facilities as possible outside blood center and donation room.In conducting blood component collection campaigns at facilities other than blood center and donation room, we should strive to improve the environment (TV, VTR, music, bodysonics, magazines etc.) and devote further study to better equipment transport (special purpose vehicles), even though this setup is already better than blood collection vehicles.It is also important to improve the blood collection environment (TV, VTR, bodysonics, magazines etc.) in blood collection vehicles.

Contamination of platelet storage bags by phthalate esters.

Phthalate esters are the most extensively used plasticizers in the manufacture of polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic. Many medical devices used in the collection and storage of blood components are made of PVC plastic containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). DEHP leaches at a rate of 100 micrograms/ml X d into platelet concentrate (PC) supernatant when PCs are stored in PVC containers. It is only possible to store PCs for 72 h in this DEHP plastic, after which time the platelet function has deteriorated and they cannot be used for transfusion therapy. Since it was desirable to find a container that permitted longer storage times and because of the concern for the toxicity of DEHP, new bags, manufactured with different plastic formulations without this plasticizer, were tested for PC storage. Using these new containers, such as the PL732 [polyolefin (PO) plastic], and the CLX300 and PL1240 [tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TEHTM) PVC plastic], it was possible to store PCs for 5 d while preserving platelet function. In spite of these new plastic bags being manufactured without DEHP, we found DEHP and its metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) as contaminants of the supernatant of the PCs stored in these containers. After analyzing the plastic material of each of these containers, we were able to identify the source of the contamination as coming from the plastic materials that were used in the manufacture of the bags. The sterilization process of the PL732 bag was investigated, since it was found that when the plastic of the PL732 bag was analyzed prior to sterilization, no contamination by DEHP was detected; however, whether the PL732 bag was sterilized together with the primary PVC bag or separately, using ethylene oxide, contamination by DEHP was found, suggesting contamination of the sterilization unit by DEHP.

Blood transfusion for the neonatal patient

The authors discuss issues of neonatal transfusion, including assessment of laboratory values; clinical evaluation of gestational age and birthweight, cardiopulmonary conditions, sepsis, immunologic status, and bleeding; and the collection of blood and blood components. The handling of specimens and the performance of exchange transfusions are discussed, and both immediate and delayed adverse reactions are reviewed.