Collection Of Antiquities Research Articles

Collectors on illicit collecting: Higher loyalties and other techniques of neutralization in the unlawful collecting of rare and precious orchids and antiquities.

Trafficking natural objects and trafficking cultural objects have been treated separately both in regulatory policy and in criminological discussion. The former is generally taken to be ‘wildlife crime’ while the latter has come to be considered under the auspices of a debate on ‘illicit art and antiquities’. In this article we study the narrative discourse of high-end collectors of orchids and antiquities. The illicit parts of these global trades are subject to this analytical divide between wildlife trafficking and art trafficking, and this has resulted in quite different regulatory structures for each of these markets. However, the trafficking routines, the types and levels of harm involved, and the supply–demand dynamics in the trafficking of orchids and antiquities are actually quite similar, and in this study we find those structural similarities reflected in substantial common ground in the way collectors talk about their role in each market. Collectors of rare and precious orchids and antiquities valorize their participation in markets that are known to be in quite considerable degree illicit, appealing to ‘higher loyalties’ such as preservation, appreciation of aesthetic beauty and cultural edification. These higher loyalties, along with other techniques of neutralization, deplete the force of law as a guide to appropriate action. We propose that the appeal to higher loyalties is difficult to categorize as a technique of neutralization in this study as it appears to be a motivational explanation for the collectors involved. The other classic techniques of neutralization are deflective, guilt and critique reducing narrative mechanisms, while higher loyalties drives illicit behaviour in collecting markets for orchids and antiquities in ways that go significantly beyond the normal definition of neutralization.

Serving the Homeland: The Historical Society for the Province of Posen

The aim of this article is to briefly introduce not only the history of the Historical Society of the Province of Posen (Pro-wincija Poznanska; Historische Gesellschaft fur die Provinz Posen), and to show its historical context, but also to clarify the question whether its foundation was not only for purely historical interest in the past of Greater Poland, but also whether the anti-Slavic feeling at that time formed the intention to participate in current events. It looks at the extent to which this organisation was another factor that contributed to the Germanisation of the country. The Greater Poland area is particularly appropriate for the study, since German and Polish residents here were anchored in the past, the region has roots and decided independently to pursue a scholarly review of its history. At first, however, the rival parties were dominated by Poles: in 1857, a Polish organisation was founded called the Towarzystwo Przyjaciol Nauk Poznanskiego (Poznan Society of Friends of Science, TPNP), along with a small museum. But the German residents in Greater Poland became more and more interested in archaeological discoveries in the province of Posen, too. The opening of a permanent exhibition at the Museum of the Society of Friends of Science led German circles to establish a similar institution, whose main founders were Rodgero Prumers and Adolf Warschauer, employees of the Poznan State Archives. On 5 March 1885, the Historische Gesellschaft fur die Provinz Posen came into existence. Among their most important tasks was the investigation of German history in the province, studying culture and history, publishing scholarly papers, and also the preservation of monuments and the collection of antiquities. The ultimate goal was a museum of their own in the province of Posen. In 1894, the Provinzialmusem opened. The Provincial Museum of Historische Gesellschaft formed the basis for the later Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum, and for today’s Archaeological Museum in Poznan, and is therefore irrevocably linked to the professionalisation and institutionalisation of German and Polish archaeology. It would be unthinkable to offer an archaeological scene in Poznan without the Historische Gesellschaft, as long as Poland was divided and occupied by the Germans. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance, from a historical research perspective, that the history, political activity and collection are processed and presented, in order not to lose this chapter of German history of research in the oblivion of contemporary Poland. Key words: nationalism in archaeology, political archaeology, Greater Poland, Historische Gesellschaft fur die Provinz Posen, Towarzystwo Przyjaciol Nauk Poznanskiego, collectors, museums. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ ab.v1i0.1142

Eduard Schaubert’s Collection of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiques at the National Museum in Warsaw and the University Museum in Wrocław

Eduard Schaubert’s Collection of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiques at the National Museum in Warsaw and the University Museum in Wrocław

The Mysterious Collection of Fr Konstantinas Kuprys-Kuprevičius

We have little information about the priest and collector Konstantinas Kuprys-Kuprevicius (1874–1947) and his mysterious collection. He became known in cultural circles only when the State Archaeological Commission and the media mentioned him in 1935, because he acquired the archaeological collection of Fr Juozapas Žiogas (1868–1935) under unclear circumstances.* Before his death, Fr Žiogas left his collection in his will to Kaunas’ Vytautas the Great Museum of Culture. On 27 December 1935, Fr Kuprys-Kuprevicius showed his acquired collection of antiquities, along with his own pieces, in an exhibition at St Anthony’s Missionary College. After that, and until the death of Fr Kuprys-Kuprevicius, Lithuanian archaeologists and museum staff unsuccessfully attempted to take over or to repurchase the Žiogas collection. It is therefore not surprising that there was a negative opinion about Fr Kuprys-Kuprevicius in Lithuanian archaeological historiography. This article will try to illuminate the story of his life, his philanthropic activities, his passionate love of antiquities and archaeological artefacts, and his collection, which is sometimes referred to as his ‘museum’. However, due to a lack of archive data, and the mysterious disappearance of the Žiogas collection, some questions still remain. Key words: Konstantinas Kuprys-Kuprevicius, priest, collector, collection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ ab.v1i0.1141

The sarcophagus with teaching scenes of the ancient collection Casa-Loring in the estate of "La Concepción" in Málaga

This essay briefly analyses a stone sarcophagus decorated in the front with fluted pilasters with capitals and containing a pair of bearded and another one beardless characters holding uolumina. This sarcophagus is kept in the Marquises of Casa-Loring, Jorge Loring and Amalia Heredia, archaeological collection, located in the very heart of the beautiful tropical garden "La Concepción" in Málaga, during the second half of the XIX Century, which also holds an archaeological museum (The Loring Museum) inside a Doric-style temple. The above mentioned sarcophagus produced in fourth-century local workshops was found near Puente Genil (Córdoba).

Theme Park Bibles: Trinity Broadcasting Network's Holy Land Experience and the Evangelical Use of the Documentary Past

Trinity Broadcasting Network's (TBN) Holy Land Experience (HLE) is a bible-themed amusement park in Orlando, Florida, that also is home to one of the world's largest collections of biblical antiquities. This article contributes to the efflorescence of scholarship on biblical geographies by considering what it means to encounter an old bible in an unconventional place. Using HLE's theatrical presentation of its bible collection as a case in point, I show how ancient and pre-modern material bibles are recruited to serve as authorizing agents of televised evangelism. Specifically, I argue that the theme park grafts TBN into the lineage of the Bible and, in doing so, enacts a fundamental revision to the definition of “biblical literacy.”

Pedagogika muzealna. Cele, idea, kierunek rozwoju i zastosowanie w praktyce na przykładzie „lekcji muzealnej” w polskim muzeum historycznym

Museum education is a subdiscipline of Pedagogy which has been changing rapidly during the current century. The beginning of such education was inevitably related to the origin of the museum. The richest royal men as kings, princes and priests set up their own individual collections which were displayed only to chosen people. The fi rst museums are claimed to have existed during the Italian Renaissance, for instance Pope Sixtus IV hired Michaelangelo Buonarrotti to create a special place for ancient collections. During the French Revolution it was believed that art had got an unique ability to rehabilitate those members of society who suffered from alcoholism and other kinds of pathology. The Louvre was opened to the public in 1793 and, since that time, art collections have started to be organised in special exhibition form. At the end of the 19th century two German art historians and educationists Alfred Lichtwark and Georg Kerchensteiner started to form a special educational programme for children and young people, concerning the museum collection. In the history of Pedagogy they are claimed to be the forerunners of museum education which has been developing into one of the most infl uential and potential kinds of cultural education in the 21st century. Among history studies, I would like to present museum education in the context of one selected Polish historical museum and then analyze and interpret the ‘museum lesson’ in comparison with contemporary movements in museology and critical, progressive pedagogy.

Relics of the past: the collecting and study of pre-Columbian antiquities in Peru and Chile, 1837-1911

Relics of the past: the collecting and study of pre-Columbian antiquities in Peru and Chile, 1837-1911

De Fénelon à la Grande Déesse de Chypre. Souvenirs de Léon de Maricourt 1864-1865

Léon de Maricourt, son of the consul of France in Larnaca, Louis Dumesnil de Maricourt (1862-1865), visited his family at the end of his studies in early October 1864 and remained on the island roughly two months where he began a collection of antiquities. After his departure in early 1865, his uncle Charles discovered the site of a sanctuary (traditionally known as the sanctuary of Artemis Paralia) on the north-eastern shore of the Salt Lake near ancient Kition. He collected a considerable number of terracottas which today are difficult to trace. A head from his collection is published here.

National Palace Museum and service innovations

Subject area Service innovation, ICT-enabled services, museum, cultural and creative industries. Study level/applicability Graduate-level courses of “Innovation Management,” “Service Innovation,” or “Cultural and Creative Industries”. Case overview In 2006, the National Palace Museum (NPM) in Taipei, Taiwan, announced its new vision “Reviving the Charm of an Ancient Collection and Creating New values for Generations to Come”. In recent years, the NPM has been shifting its operational focus from being object-oriented to being public-centered, and the museum has held not only the physical forms of artifacts and documents but also their digital images and metadata. These changes would inject new life into historical artifacts. In addition, archives as its collections would be given a refreshingly new image to the public and become connected with people's daily lives. Among these endeavors for displaying historical artifacts online and prevailing Chinese culture in the modern age, the key issues are related to digital technology applications and service innovations. The service innovations would be further divided into information and communication technologies (ICT)-enabled ones and non-ICT-enabled ones. These shifts clearly claim that adopting digital technologies and innovative services can bring positive impacts to the museum. The NPM administrative team wants to keep infusing life into ancient artifacts and texts, sustaining curiosities of the public for Chinese culture and history, and invoking their interests to visit the NPM in person. However, to develop for the future while reviewing the past, the NPM administrative team has to meditate on the next steps in terms of implementation of service innovations. Expected learning outcomes Students will learn motivations of digital establishment and service innovations from the organization perspective and the necessities of technological implementation. Students will understand the difference in innovations between ICT-enabled services and non-ICT-enabled services. Students would be able to understand the process of developing a new service. Students will be aware of challenges the organization would face in developing a new service. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Collecting and replicating antiquities

Traditional approaches to the collecting of ancient gems tend to be iconographic or to form part of patronage studies. This article, instead, pursues how the culture of the copy associated with antique gems and coins can be related to broader practices around copies in religious and secular contexts in the fifteenth century. It argues that the collection of both original antiquities and their copies brings to the fore issues around reproducibility in the early modern age, which both differ from and compare to concerns around mechanical reproduction in the modern age. Access to, and possession of, original gems was restricted, but copies across media gave individuals the opportunity to know these small collectible items through chains of touch and representation. By considering the role that copies played in the collecting culture of the fifteenth century, this article draws attention to the materiality and sociability of the copy, pursuing issues around substitution, transmission, and temporality.

Un cas de nouveau-né affecté d’une aprosopie, d’une monomélie et d’une célosomie

The specimen of which it is a matter here takes part of the heritage of the Museum of Anatomy and Embryology of the Faculty of Medicine of the Université Libre de Bruxelles. Its medical history is completely unknown, because it takes part of an ancient collection of pathological anatomy saved from destruction and recovered by the laboratory of Anatomy and Embryology. The specimen is strongly folded up on itself ("in extension"), its length so arranged is about 25 cm; unfolded, it develops to 45 cm. Cranial perimeter is of 31 cm. Unfortunately, the brain was removed during the initial analysis, and only the examination of the braincase allows to draw some conclusions on the probable state of the encephalon. The face is rudimentary, without any orbit, and the oral cavity is limited to a vertical slit, revealing small strongly tipped up maxillary bones. A double proboscis is present. The trunk is characterised by a rather broad celosomy, with exhibition of the intestines, the liver and the pancreas. Anal atresia is observed, and the external sexual organs are hypoplastic and ambiguous. The whole left lower limb is absent, including the left half of the pelvis, corresponding to a left unilateral complete ectromelia. The neck is in hyperextension, so that the occipital region seems extremely welded in the cervical spine. However, CT examination does not confirm the presence of such fusion, but on the other hand, reveals a severe axial diversion of the spine with hyperextension. Extremely rare in humans, the aprosopia is more readily present in some animals (sheep). Its association with a monomelia and a celosomy seems not yet described.

Giorgio Vasari and the birth of the museum

Contents: Preface Introduction: Giorgio Vasari and the birth of the museum, Maia Wellington Gahtan Part I Vasari's Collections: Decorations and collections in Vasari's houses in Arezzo and Florence, Alessandro Cecchi Giorgio Vasari and the Libro de' disegni: a paper museum or portable gallery, Anna Forlani Tempesti Giorgio Vasari, collector of epitaphs, Maia Wellington Gahtan. Part II Vasari and Illustrium Imagines: Giorgio Vasari, Paolo Giovio, portrait collections and the rhetorics of images, Nadia Cannata Vasari, Borghini and Cristofano dell'Altissimo: the papal portraits in the Sala delle Carte Geografiche, Rick Scorza Portrait galleries, artists' biographies and the birth of academies and museums, Tommaso Casini. Part III Vasari's Exhibitions: Vasari, exhibitor of art: Medici collections of antiquities, Andrea Galdy Giorgio Vasari, Rome and early forms of display of Medici collections in Florence: models and afterlife, Donatella Pegazzano The order, the itinerary, the beholder: considerations on some aspects of the Ragionamenti del Sig. Cavalier Giogio Vasari, Emilie Passignat Virtual guided museum tours: Vasari's I Ragionamenti and Bartoli's Ragionamenti accademici, Henk Th. van Veen Giorgio Vasari, architect: the Uffizi of the gallery, Claudia Conforti. Part IV Vasari's Museological Concepts and Their Afterlife: The Accademia del Designo and its museology, Luigi Zangheri Paper museums and the multimedia practice of art history: the case of Stefano Mulinari's Istoria Pratica (1778-80) in the Uffizi, Ingrid R. Vermeulen Vasari: the territory beyond, Elizabeth Pilliod Bibliography Index.

The human occupation of the northwestern Pyrenees in the Late Glacial: New data from the Arudy basin, lower Ossau valley

Excavated since the 1860s, the Arudy basin has yielded a number of rich Magdalenian sites that enable us to address the question of the human reoccupation of the lower Pyrenean valleys at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. Until the 1990s, it was considered that at Arudy this reoccupation started ca. 16,000 cal BP in the Middle Magdalenian and continued into the Upper Magdalenian until ca. 14,000 cal BP. However, since the mid-2000 s, this picture has been modified through a series of new analyses, excavations (caves of Laa 2 and Tastet), 14C dates and reassessment of ancient collections. Evidence of human occupation ca. 20,000–19,000 cal BP, although limited, has been identified at Laa 2 and Tastet, consistent with numerous data obtained at Pyrenean scale showing a deglaciation of the north Pyrenean foothills as early as the end of the global LGM. The number of sites with evidence of Magdalenian has increased, showing that human presence in the basin was more intensive than previously thought. The Middle and Upper Magdalenian occupations have been redated to at least 18,000–17,500 cal BP to 15,000–14,500 cal BP, with the transition between the two phases probably occurring ca. 16,600–16,200 cal BP. The faunal records of these sites document an emphasis on horse hunting, which is not common in the northern Pyrenees, but also witness an evolution over time in the range of species hunted. Furthermore, the Pyrenean affinities of the Arudy groups and their relations with neighboring regions, such as Spain and the northern part of the Aquitaine basin, can be addressed through new evidence: in particular lithic and osseous raw materials and specific types of projectile tips. These results significantly change our view of the nature, rhythm and chronology of the Late Glacial settlement in this area.

The Antique Chinese Embroidery in America and J.C. Morgenthau Co. in the early Twentieth Century

Accompany with the attentions in the international antique collection and auction market on Chinese embroidery, the knowledge of judgment, estimation, and evaluation is urgently needed to restore the historical imagination and the pursuit of aesthetic modernity. Researches of Chinese embroideries are mainly focused on the description of the history, pattern, stitches, styles and genres. Very few researches are about the market requirement and characteristic of collection and auction in the earlier stage. This article studied the auction catalogues and some historical documents of J.C. Morgenthau Co. in the early twentieth century. The situation of the antique market was outlined through classification and the dating records of the Chinese embroideries. We also found that the embroidered paintings had long been given more attention than the other embroidered art the similar as today. Further and more research works are needed for the potential market of the other historical Chinese embroidered art.

Isabella and Leonardo: The Artistic Relationship between Isabella d’Este and Leonardo da Vinci, 1500–1506

Isabella d'Este, the marchioness of Mantua, was a collector of antiquities, a patron of art, and one of the most vivid personalities of the Italian Renaissance. Her artistic relationship with Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) is charted through the letters that they exchanged over the course of about six years. Beginning in late 1499, Leonardo spent several months in Mantua, where he met Isabella and produced a finished portrait drawing of her. In the years that followed, the marchioness wrote to the artist to ask him to undertake other paintings and projects. Though little came of these requests, da Vinci did produce a drawing of some classical hard-stone vases to assist her search for collectible antiques and also started work on a painting of Christ as a twelve-year-old boy at her request. The story of their relationship is explored in depth for the first time in Isabella and Leonardo. This illuminating story raises interesting and important questions about relationships between artists and patrons, and about women as art patrons at the beginning of the 16th century.

At the Still Point of the Turning World: Freud's Reception of Winckelmann's Greece

Freud's theory is primarily concerned with memory, about the present contained within the past. It is also rooted to the past in another way; Freud's reception of the Greek classical tradition played a vital role in the genesis of his oeuvre. Winckelmann's revival of ‘Greece’ dominated German culture up to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, yet besides the importance of Bildung in shaping Freud's early Gymnasium experience, his influence upon Freud is often neglected. While Freud's debt to German Hellenism is clearly demonstrated in his library of classical literature and his collection of Greco-Roman antiquities, the afterlife of Winckelmann's legacy is more subtly inscribed upon psychoanalysis. This paper focuses on Winckelmann's aesthetic reconstruction of classical Greece which made beauty, self-restraint and repression a cultural ideal to be imitated and admired. It is argued that hysteria provided one of the most powerful challenges to this ideal. Psychoanalysis can thus be seen as developing out of a milieu that was still overshadowed by Winckelmann's idealization of Greece. Further, it is argued that Winckelmann advanced a homoerotic tradition in German culture and the sedimentation of this tradition can be discerned in Freud's response to hysteria, his privileging of the masculine and his theory of bisexuality.

Using Open-Source Data to Identify Participation in the Illicit Antiquities Trade: A Case Study on the Cypriot Civil War

The illicit trade in antiquities from conflict zones is clandestine and politicised and it very likely involves violent, organised criminals, including paramilitaries and terrorists; so reliable, detailed information is extraordinarily difficult to access. Nonetheless, open-source data may provide clues to the structure of the market. This article reviews the development of the Cypriot antiquities trade until the outbreak of the civil war in 1963, through the cultural heritage crisis that accompanied that conflict until the coup and invasion of 1974. Then, adapting an established method for studying the scale of a small, undisturbed illicit market, it gauges communities’ participation in looting during the civil war in Cyprus. It does so by analysing the find-spot and acquisition date information in collections of antiquities recovered before and during conflict, and cross-referencing them with demographic and historical information in order to identify the communities from which the looters probably came. It uses this crude categorical method in order to assess ethnically-based narratives of looting and trading in illicit antiquities. The evidence suggests that: before the conflict, there was no correlation between community and looting; during the civil war, due to economic and geopolitical factors, members of Turkish Cypriot communities were disproportionately involved in looting; at the same time, members of Greek Cypriot communities were far more involved in looting than has previously been recognised; Greek Cypriot archaeologists have misinterpreted the structure of the trade and consequently contributed to communalist policies and nationalist histories; and the antiquities policy of the Republic of Cyprus was one of the significant causes of the developments in the trade.

MYTH, CULT, AND PERFORMANCE: SIR JOHN SOANE'S CAWDOR VASE

Abstract The Cawdor Vase was purchased by Sir John Soane in 1800, launching the London architect's career as a collector of antiquities. The Apulian red-figure volute-krater (4th c. BC) is displayed in the dining room of Soane's house-museum at no. 13 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the exact location it occupied when Soane died in 1837. The krater appears in artistic representations and section drawings of the house, as well as in descriptions of the museum and its holdings. Prominent modern scholars (Vermeule and Trendall) studied the object, securing its place in the corpus of South Italian wares. As intriguing as its role in the history of collecting and reception is the Cawdor Vase's unique iconography. On one side is an enigmatic version of the preparations for the chariot race of Oinomaos and Pelops, and on the other a familiar type of naiskos scene. The decoration on the vase, taken as a whole, reveals the different stages of the famous myth and can be connected with textual accounts, the cult of Pelops, Apulian funerary ritual, and the foundation of the Olympic Games.

The Decorated Mesolithic Rock Shelters South of Île-de-France: Revision of the Archaeological Data and Research Perspectives

The rock shelter art in the sandstone formations south of Ile-de-France is mostly non-figurative. The blunted sandstone and flint objects interpreted as engravers and discovered in the stratigraphic levels of a few decorated caves enable use-wear analyses. A new study of ancient collections renews and refines chrono-cultural attributions in the Mesolithic.