Collection Management System Research Articles

Classifying Colonial Objects in Museum Collections with Machine Learning and Historical Knowledge

Many natural history collections and museums in Europe were established in the late 18th and early 19th century. Their development is inseparably linked to colonial expansion and significant parts of their collections are of colonial origin. The Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN) preserves a large natural history collection comprising zoological, paleontological, mineralogical, geological, and botanical objects as well as an institutional archive and a library. Especially in the period from 1884 to 1919, when the German Reich had colonies in Africa, the Pacific and China, the Zoological Museum of today's MfN played a prominent role in imperial politics. By a decision of the Federal Council in 1889 (Bundesratsbeschluss) and an addendum to this resolution in 1891, the museum received all zoological objects from expeditions financed by the state as well as the materials collected by colonial officials (Anonymous 1890,Kaiser 2023). The disclosure and digital transformation of museum collections worldwide will significantly improve digital access for all stakeholders. Opening up the (digital) collections is also considered crucial for the role of museums in mobilising participation and societal change. However, the mere size of the MfN collection, estimated to comprise approximately 30 million objects, poses additional challenges. How can we identify the objects from colonial contexts among these millions and how do we tag them? A recent project, "Colonial Provences of Nature",*1 led by historians at MfN, designed a decision tree to identify collection objects from the colonial past in which relevant categories of information and critical metadata were determined to confirm a colonial acquisition context (Kaiser et al. 2023). In this talk we will present our approach and preliminary results towards automatisation of the decision-making process in the mammals collection at MfN. This subcollection offers a suitable case study for testing how machine learning algorithms and historical knowledge can be used to classify colonial items based on their geographical provenance and acquisition time. Several specimens were indeed acquired during German colonial rule in Africa, Asia and Oceania between the 1880s and the end of World War I. The metadata associated with these objects are available in the institutional collection management system and they can be extracted and cleaned to generate a dataset for training and testing decision trees (Alpaydin 2020). The research of suitable classifying algorithms has a dual scope. The first is to compare the algorithmic decision boundaries with the rule-based decision tree drawn by the MfN historians interested in identifying and tagging collection objects from colonial contexts. The second aim is to develop automated procedures for labelling objects in the museum collections as colonial/non-colonial and add this information to the standard taxonomic metadata raising awareness on the complex political history of the specimens available at MfN.

On a BiCIKL to Wikidata: Harmonizing the chaotic universe of natural history collectors

People play a key role in science and have been getting increased recognition for this work, initially by the efforts of libraries to harmonize attribution of authors of creative works, such as in the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF). Now, in the realm of scientific publishing, the international ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) organization allows scientists to mint globally unique and self-maintained identifiers for themselves, which tie all of their scientific output together. This has been fairly successful for formal publications, but less so for other scientific contributions, such as samples or specimens collected from organisms to serve as vouchers or references for long-term study. Such specimens may end up in natural history collections, where their metadata and, in particular, their taxonomic identity is refined over the years by experts. As the cost of digitization has decreased and the methods become more refined, digital versions of these specimens are now being published online in vast numbers, making attribution with identifiers such as ORCID easier. However, many of these specimens are only linked to the people who worked on them by name strings, often using a variety of syntaxes, transliterations and abbreviations. Recently, some collections have made an effort to disambiguate these names by enriching them with an explicit link to a persistent identifier, such as an ORCID (Groom et al. 2022, Little et al. 2022, von Mering et al. 2022, Meeus et al. 2023). In the European Union-funded BiCIKL (Biodiversity Community Integrated Knowledge) project, one of the goals is to develop better workflows that aid and streamline this enrichment process. This approach focuses primarily on Wikidata, as a fall-back resource for cases where ORCID identifiers are not available. Wikidata is suitable for people who are unable to register for an ORCID identifier, but also acts as a broker to harmonize between other authority sources such as the fore-mentioned VIAF. In this presentation, we will show the results achieved so far in this BiCIKL effort. First, we will provide a landscape analysis of different person identifier enrichment efforts so far in the natural history sector. Infrastructures such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), the related Bionomia and the Botany Pilot (Güntsch et al. 2021) will play a key role. Building on those results, we will identify improved methods to link name strings to unique biographical records in resources such as Wikidata and ORCID. The focus will primarily be on properties of these records that make them more identifiable as collectors of specimens, and that can systematically be harnessed to rank multiple possible candidates or reject false positives. Finally, these findings will be incorporated into workflows that streamline the disambiguation and enrichment process. These workflows will build on existing pipelines and platforms, such as Bionomia and the Botany Pilot, focusing in particular on data roundtripping from these resources into other infrastructures, such as local collection management systems, but also specimen data aggregators such as GBIF and the Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo).

Community-based climate adaption: A perspective on the interface between a common pool resource system and an individual-based market transaction system

Because of land privatisation and marketisation in rural areas, community-based adaptation to climate change may face new challenges. A field survey conducted on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) shows that herders with a grassland collective management system (CMS) suffer higher livestock mortality than those with an individual management system (IMS) during the same extreme climatic events, in contrast to previous research findings. This study seeks to explain this contrast. The results show that although local herders have begun to rely on market-related adaptation strategies to cope with climate change, IMS herders are more inclined to rent-in grassland, while CMS herders are more inclined to purchase fodder. The high-cost grassland renting-in strategy reduces livestock mortality and total household economic loss more effectively than purchasing fodder during snow disasters. An important reason for this is that IMS strengthens market concepts and promotes interaction between herders and external markets, especially the grassland rental market, while CMS continues past grazing traditions and maintains traditional social relationships and collective concepts within the community. CMS herders fail to rent-in grassland due to psychological free-riding incentives and scale mismatch. In the face of repeated climatic disasters, however, CMS herders have also begun to overcome various obstacles to entering the grassland rental market through self-organization and are gradually forming a new pathway of adaptation to climate change.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Manajemen Koleksi Elektronik Perpustakaan Berbasis Web

The rapid development of science and technology has given rise to what is known as the digital era, an era marked by the birth of a generation of digital natives. The birth of this era demands adaptive changes for every organization or institution including libraries in providing services to this 'new' generation. The library itself is currently inseparable and must be in line with the development of existing information technology so that it can carry out its role and function more optimally in providing the best service to users who are the digital generation. The Ciputra Surabaya University Library is a form of higher education library that is expected to be able to meet the needs of the teaching and learning process for its academic community and also carry out its functions in preserving culture and archives, as well as developing knowledge for the general public. Good collection management will make the library the main place for users to meet the desired information needs, this is because good collection management will make the collections contained in a library exactly according to the needs of users and of course this is in line with the increasing collections owned by the library. itself. Therefore a collection management strategy is needed by the Ciputra University Library in Surabaya. Based on the results of observations made by the author, it was found that there is an opportunity to develop a web-based library and museum collection management system design, making it easier and faster for users to access collection information at the Ciputra University Library in Surabaya.

A Review on used cooking oil as a sustainable biodiesel feedstock in Indonesia

Indonesia is the world’s largest producer and consumer of palm oil. Its residents are accustomed to frying food in its food culture, hence the massive generation of used cooking oil (UCO). However, UCO has not been optimally utilized. Most is dumped into the environment, causing uncontrolled environmental pollution. The utilization of UCO as biodiesel feedstock is one solution to overcome environmental pollution while increasing its economic value. This utilization contributes to the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target while simultaneously providing an additional global supply of biodiesel feedstock. The amount of UCO for biodiesel raw materials is potential to be increased further. However, the UCO collection system is extremely dependent on the existing collection system, socio-cultural and education aspects of the local community, as well as support from the local government. In Indonesia, UCO collection remains limited in a local context and is carried out partially. This study reviews several previous studies related to the potential of UCO and the environmental impact of UCO use for biodiesel. The improvement of the UCO collection management system in alignment with local socio-cultural conditions is also proposed. This paper is expected to offer a useful reference for decision-makers in updating and implementing the UCO collection method for sustainable biodiesel feedstock.

:Preserving Cultural Heritage in the Digital Age: Sending Out an S.O.S.

:<i>Preserving Cultural Heritage in the Digital Age: Sending Out an S.O.S.</i>

PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PROGRAM BANK SAMPAH SERASI WILAYAH VILA DAGO RW 21 BENDA BARU PAMULANG TANGERANG SELATAN

This study aims to determine participation and benefits in the management of the Serasi Garbage Bank with the formulation of the problem: (1) How does public participation in the management of the Serasi Garbage Bank in Dago Benda Baru Pamulang South Tangerang (2) What are the benefits of the Serasi Garbage Bank in the Dago Benda Baru Pamulang Tangerang area South. The research methodology conducted by researchers is research conducted through a descriptive qualitative approach. Qualitative research is research that produces analytical procedures that do not use statistical analysis procedures or other quantitative methods, namely data obtained in the form of words, images and behavior. Through the Serasi Garbage Bank program, is a program that establishes and invites the community to manage household waste properly, the Serasi Garbage Bank program is an individual and collective waste management system with the principle of recycling cooperation with business partners.The benefits of managing the Serasi Garbage Bank, on the social aspects of the community, are concerned about waste and the environment. Economic aspects are still relatively small or a little income from weighing but can be an added value for the community. This aspect of the environment becomes cleaner, more beautiful and safer.

AKSI SOSIAL GERAKAN UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN TUNARUNGU INDONESIA JAKARTA (GERKATIN JAKARTA) TERHADAP PENYANDANG DISABILITAS RUNGU

This study aims to determine participation and benefits in the management of the Serasi Garbage Bank with the formulation of the problem: (1) How does public participation in the management of the Serasi Garbage Bank in Dago Benda Baru Pamulang South Tangerang (2) What are the benefits of the Serasi Garbage Bank in the Dago Benda Baru Pamulang Tangerang area South. The research methodology conducted by researchers is research conducted through a descriptive qualitative approach. Qualitative research is research that produces analytical procedures that do not use statistical analysis procedures or other quantitative methods, namely data obtained in the form of words, images and behavior. Through the Serasi Garbage Bank program, is a program that establishes and invites the community to manage household waste properly, the Serasi Garbage Bank program is an individual and collective waste management system with the principle of recycling cooperation with business partners.The benefits of managing the Serasi Garbage Bank, on the social aspects of the community, are concerned about waste and the environment. Economic aspects are still relatively small or a little income from weighing but can be an added value for the community. This aspect of the environment becomes cleaner, more beautiful and safer.

Pengelolaan Bank Sampah Mandiri Secara Berkelanjutan di Kelurahan Mojosongo Surakarta

According to Sustainable Waste Indonesia (SWI) data, less than 10% of plastic waste is recycled and more than 50% still ends up in landfill site. The total volume of waste generated by the City of Surakarta in 2020 is 107,873 tons per year, so a waste management scheme is needed that is the joint responsibility of the government, the private sector and the community. One of the waste management schemes involving community participation is through the Waste Bank. The Waste Bank is one solution to deal with the problem of increasing waste production. The waste bank program is a collective self-subsistent waste management system with the principle of recycling. People who act as bank customers will also benefit by depositing their waste and then saving it through a waste bank and from their savings can be taken as needed. Thus, the waste bank will have a positive impact on the environment and improve economic conditions in a community. The sustainable self-subsistent waste bank management program is a solution in handling waste problems in RW 28, Mojosongo sub-district, Surakarta. The implementation of the waste bank management program in RW 28 Mojosongo Village, among others: 1) the establishment of a waste bank, 2) technical training, 3) implementation and development of the waste bank system&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;

Resource booms and group punishment in a coupled social-ecological system

Climate change is altering the dynamics of common pool resources around the world. We design an experimental game that varies both the flow of natural resources and the group punishment mechanisms available to resource users. Our experiments show that subjects are more likely to over-harvest when resource flows are high. But group punishment mechanisms that rely on social ostracism (as opposed to fines or fees) are more effective at mediating the desire to over-harvest when resources are booming. This suggests that collective management systems based on social norms, exclusion, and ostracism may be more resilient to unexpected changes in resource dynamics and supports bottom-up, as opposed to top-down, management of common pool resources.

Interactive 3D models: Documenting and presenting restoration and use of heritage objects

3D digital models of collection items are increasingly used in addition to still photographs in collection management systems for documentation and presentation purposes.Our objective was to enhance 3D digitization and presentation beyond appearance, such that we can document the restoration process, capture the original use of a collection item, or support other interaction applications. The presentation should allow virtual manipulation of the artifacts and bring them into their historical and cultural context using rich annotations.We demonstrate the used workflow and the created presentation software in two use cases: the restoration of the Madonna of the Old Town Hall in Prague and capturing the original use of selected items in the collection of the Prague City Museum.

DiSSCo Flanders: A regional natural science collections management infrastructure in an international context

DiSSCo Flanders aims at developing a standardised natural science collections management infrastructure, ensuring proper long-term conservation, and future re-usage of the collections. Meise Botanic Garden coordinates the Flemish consortium. This four-year project, funded by the FWO (Research Foundation – Flanders), started in January 2021. The consortium brings together both the more classical ‘museum’ collections (Meise Botanic Garden, Ghent University Museum), with research collections (Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Flanders Marine Institute, universities), and living collections (Belgian Association of Botanic Gardens and Arboreta, Zoo of Antwerp (Poo 2022)). Many of the research collections are smaller orphan collections, lacking a (full-time) curator, for which collection management is not the core business of the hosting institute. The Belgian federal DiSSCo members are associated with the project, allowing close collaboration between European, national and regional (digital) collection management inititatives. Building on the expertise of the European DiSSCo-related projects, an initial high-level inventory and assessment of the collections has been made and will provide a better understanding of the collections landscape in Flanders (Van Baelen 2022). This step in the digitization will increase the findability of the diverse regional collections and highlight the available knowledge to the research community. Close collaboration with the TDWG Collections Descriptions interest group and the development of the Latimer Core standard (Woodburn 2021) will ensure maximal interoperability of the collection data. In order to be relevant for research, the Flemish collections need to be more interconnected and linked to other data sources. To ensure that collection data is adhering to the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Resuable) and ready to connect to the DiSSCo research infrastructure, DiSSCo Flanders will have a large focus on the collection(s) management system (CMS). Depending on the needs and specificities of each collection, a strategy will be chosen to implement and/or collection data will be migrated to (an) optimised system(s). Parallel to the digital inventory and CMS choice, the consortium addresses specific themes in the format of working groups. Most of the institutes have identified that their molecular collection (DNA, tissues) has not been properly acknowledged as a separate long-term collection. Challenges such as the storage and curation of e-DNA and environmental samples (e.g., soil) have been identified. Very often it will only be feasible to add basic data in the CMS and essential data is not available to the researchers. DiSSCo Flanders invests in the enrichment of specimen data to ensure that a maximal amount of information becomes available to the community. This can be accomplished either through the use of citizen science/crowdsourcing using the DoeDat platform (Groom 2018), or by using machine learning techniques performed by the IDLab at Ghent University (Thirukokaranam Chandrasekar 2021). Besides the technical aspects of the DiSSCo research infrastructure, the consortium is covering topics such as data publication, legal aspects of collections, standard operating procedures, etc. through knowledge sharing and active dialog.

Extinct Taxa in an Extant World: Working towards better fossil taxonomic representation

Paleontology collections face many similar challenges mobilizing taxonomic data as extant collections disciplines: from complex nomenclatural histories to incomplete taxonomic authorities to questionable specimen identifications. These challenges exist within the information management of an individual institution and are amplified at the level of data aggregation, where a minor misspelling of authorship or a historic name can completely erase the discoverability of a specimen. In addition to those challenges shared with extant taxonomy, fossil taxonomy must also address uncertainty in far more detail and at many levels. It may be impossible to assign a name into the traditional Linnaean hierarchy or to provide classification at higher ranks due to uncertainty in our understanding of how the specimen is related to other known taxa. Moreover, some branches of paleontology prefer not to use Linnaean ranks at all, making it even more difficult to map concepts and/or clade names to terms in the Linnaean-based Darwin Core standard (DwC, Darwin Core Task Group 2009). Incomplete preservation of fossil specimens also makes it difficult or impossible to identify many specimens to the extant gold standard rank of species. While these specimens are often recorded as precisely as possible (e.g., to a secondary Linnaean rank like subfamily) in local collection management systems, the data are obscured when shared with global aggregators since these ranks do not exist in the DwC framework. The paleontology collections community has been facilitating efforts to address these challenges for many years in an attempt to improve the quality of our data and the treatment of taxonomic information for fossil specimens by aggregators. Most recently, the Paleo Data Working Group has been focusing on the practical matters of digitizing, mobilizing, and promoting the use of specimen data from our collections, and further assessing possible community-sourced solutions that could increase the discoverability of our specimens from a taxonomic entry point. In this talk, we share our explorations into the past and current state of fossil taxonomy in the global landscape (including notable gaps) and its use in paleontology collections, and we also report on possible paths forward. Understanding some of the historical issues with fossil taxonomy in the global landscape has led to a better understanding of root differences between extant and fossil taxonomic data models. The Paleo Data Working Group (Krimmel et al. 2021) has reviewed fossil taxonomic data as it is published through aggregators like the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), and identified concrete issues in order to classify systematic pain points. We have discussed existing sources of taxonomic data and the agency of collections professionals to take an active role in working toward new solutions for enhancing and evolving these systems. Opportunities for intentional action have been identified across a spectrum of local to global efforts, and from individual capacity to collaboration across stakeholder groups, connecting with those who can more directly address a particular gap or combine expertise. On the individual scale, we are promoting the adoption of best practices for recording taxonomic data in collections information systems and subsequent mapping to DwC. Through coordination with stakeholder groups, we are hoping to enable paleontologists to provide taxonomic authority information to Catalogue of Life for certain fossil groups in new ways. Working within this space, we have tested new systems for collaborative taxonomic data curation and produced updated community data guidelines for use in paleontology collections, to improve the consistency and quality of mobilized data. Accurately representing extinct taxa in an extant world is a moving target, affected by constantly evolving data standards and technical capacity. For instance, GBIF is moving to an operational model where Catalogue of Life provides the taxonomic backbone, but fossil names are problematic in Catalogue of Life because they cannot always integrate into the single tree of life perspective. Seeking solutions that are inclusive of fossil taxonomy will enable our global corpus of biodiversity data to extend back into deep time and promote new opportunities for synergy and cooperation.

Connecting IndExs Editors and exsiccata IDs with Wikidata for Disambiguation of People Names and Work in Botanical and Mycological Collections

Connecting IndExs Editors and exsiccata IDs with Wikidata for Disambiguation of People Names and Work in Botanical and Mycological Collections

Rethinking Collection Management Data Models

Rethinking Collection Management Data Models

An Update on Persistent Identifiers in Norwegian Biodiversity Data

Persistent identifiers (PIDs) are reference keys to pieces of digital information or digital objects (Meadows and Haak 2018). PIDs are long-lasting, trustworthy and ideally globally unique, allowing information to be unambigiously associated with a digital object. This allows, for example, collection objects to be annotated with data (e.g., improved geographic coordinates) from different web services and databases (Page 2008). In 2014, Norway began an initiative to provide all museum specimens at the University of Oslo's Natural History Museum (UiO NHM) with PIDs persistent and globally unique identifiers (PIDs) in the form of universally unique identifiers (UUIDs) prefixed by a persistent uniform resource locator (PURL) (Endresen and Svindseth 2014). This poster provides an update of progress made in this endeavor, and details the technical set up and workflow, as well as problems encountered and reflections on the process. So far, roughly 40% of UiO NHM's collections have PIDs entered in the Darwin Core materialSampleID field for the collections management system. The main technical problem has been in configuring the PURL service to set up redirects correctly. In the future, we plan to migrate from PURLs to the Handle system which provides identifiers for digital objects, or to using DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers), which are an implementation of the Handle system (Paskin 2017).

The Role and the Purpose of National Biodiversity Data Infrastructures in between the Local and International Data Services

The FinBIF (Schulman et al. 2021) Research Infrastructure is a national service with a broad coverage of the components of biodiversity informatics. Data flows are managed under a single information technology architecture, services are delivered through an on-line portal representing an umbrella concept and one brand. Data is collated from all available sources (e.g., research institute's data management systems, national monitoring schemes, natural history collection management systems and citizen science projects). Where does it stand between the local and international data infrastructures? The discussion among national stakeholders in Finland has been active under the themes of whether aggregating biodiversity data services would actually replace the local and organisation-level data services. The same discussion dwells on whether we need national level data aggregating services since we have the international infrastructures that provide, seemingly, the same services: data queries and data downloads. Through the years of agile development of FinBIF, since 2015, we have learned that all levels— local, national, and international data services—are very much needed since they all serve, in most cases, different purposes. At the local or institutional level, the biodiversity data managing and providing services are very much tailored to serve the tasks set to meet the responsibilities of the individual organisations. They are often not planned even to be interoperable with other data infrastructures that may be using or providing similar data. They rarely have a masterplan or a strategy that would have taken the big picture into account. However, they are often user-friendly, simple, and satisfying the basic needs. National level services, like FinBIF, on the other hand, have often a strategic approach to ensure data compilation and sharing with wide array of relevant users. Their challenge is the big number of potential users and their diverse needs and thus how to make a service so flexible that it would become useful for most. International data repositories may be similar to national level data services but are often lacking some crucial information like restricted-use or sensitive data. They are good for big data; they improve data findability and also with most developed data managing systems, they serve as a source of inspiration for smaller scale services. Finally, it became clear that the most important task, when serving all biodiversity data user groups, is to ensure the interoperability among the local, national, and international data infrastructures. Allowing uncomplicated data flows between different level data providers is a crucial step for the successful data FAIRification process.

RECODE: Towards a next-gen collections management system as part of the institutional and community data ecosystem

Since 2020, the Natural History Museum, London (NHM) has been running the RECODE (Rethinking Collections Data Ecosystems) programme, an initiative that will provision a more open, manageable, configurable and interoperable collections management system (CMS) for the museum. With the overall aim of going live with an initial version of the new CMS by 2025, the first phase of defining a platform-agnostic set of high-level requirements and selecting a new technology partner and platform is nearing completion. The requirements, conceptual data models and other procurement documentation are shared openly through the Open Science Framework (OSF) platform so that any material may benefit and elicit feedback from the wider natural sciences community. RECODE has strived to ensure that our new supplier and technology platform will be well positioned to deliver on the wider vision for community data interoperability, sharing and annotation. Through this presentation, we hope to continue our engagement with the global community by introducing our vision and describing our efforts to ensure that data sharing through technical interoperability and data standards are core features of the new solution. As a digital representation of the collections and related processes, events and transactions, a CMS is an essential tool for many natural science collections, replacing systems that were first analogue and paper-based, and later often distributed across multiple siloed, unstandardised, and unconnected files and databases. Consolidating that data and functionality into coherent, centralised application (as was first achieved at the NHM in 2002) facilitates more effective management of, and access to, both the physical collections and the data describing them. This consolidation also enabled the construction of a core collections data ecosystem within the museum, linking the CMS with frozen collections, providing some basic process for ingestion from digitisation workflows, and setting up a pipeline to offer up data to the NHM Data Portal for publication to the community (Fig. 1). Although an important step on the path, the bespoke nature of these integrations, in part due to technical limitations in the CMS platform for importing and exporting data at scale, have limited further progress in this area. Even just within the museum’s suite of science and collections data platforms there is a range of further potential integrations around the CMS that could add considerable value in streamlining processes and joined-up decision support (Fig. 2). Modern technical capabilities, such as APIs, workflow capabilities and data models, dashboards and analytics, and integrated artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) services, provide great potential for better management, sharing and exploitation of the data and the collections themselves. These capabilities, in particular those that support data interoperability, then open up much greater potential for positioning the institutional CMS within the wider external collections, biodiversity and geodiversity data ecosystem (Fig. 3). Not only does this offer much greater potential for using community-curated authorities, tools and services (e.g., Catalogue of Life, GeoNames, Bionomia and Wikidata), but also closer integration with data aggregators and service providers such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo), GeoCASe and Global Genome Biodiversity Network (GGBN), and opens up avenues for joining future initiatives like community data annotation. Over the past decade, the NHM has become increasingly aware that one of the major barriers to moving forward with our ambitions in this regard is outdated infrastructure and technology in the CMS marketplace, which has struggled to keep pace with the wider technology landscape. This realisation has driven the museum to consider more enterprise (and better resourced) technology sectors like Content Services Platforms (CSP). These platforms provide mature products that include these more cutting edge technical capabilities, and tend to be highly configurable in order to be applicable across a wide range of domains. The onus, however, would be on us to design the data models and processes that would need to be configured within these platforms, which forms a major component of the RECODE programme. In this regard, both existing and emerging community standards and models like Spectrum, Darwin Core, Access to Biological Collections Data + Extension for Geosciences (ABCD+EFG), Latimer Core and the International Committee for Documentation Conceptual Reference Model (CIDOC CRM) are vital and will be used heavily to inform this work. Throughout the RECODE process, NHM intends to remain focused on the bigger community vision, and by creating a more open, flexible and community-ready CMS with a stronger focus on interoperability, standards, data quality and data sharing from the outset, pioneer a potential new CMS approach that may benefit others as well as ourselves.

데이터와 지식재산 규율체제의 접점과 정책의 유추

This study focuses on the need to refer to or apply analogy to the intellectual property system that is most similar in essence to data for the effective establishment of non-personal data regulatory policies, which are gaining importance with the advent of the data economy era. In order to establish a virtuous cycle structure of the ecosystem, it is intended to compare the coordinates of a desirable data policy with the intellectual property regulatory system. To this end, we first explore the nature of data and intellectual property and the interface between the two regulatory systems. First, consider the nature of data and intellectual property: i) ‘data as intellectual property (IP)’ (comparative review with data and intellectual property’s subject matters such as inventions, works), and conversely ii) ‘intellectual property as data’ (The informational nature of intellectual property) is understood by considering both aspects. Next, the interconnection link between the IP system and the data regulation system will be examined, taking into consideration what points can be applied by analogy from the characteristics of the established intellectual property protection system. First, after i) analyze the characteristics of the intellectual property protection system, ii) analyze the commonalities and differences in the nature of information and seek contact points iii) check in the context of a common policy structure of creation, protection, utilization and foundation. In data policy establishment, a system that can be inferred from the intellectual property system should be able to support the maintenance and development of the data ecosystem virtuous cycle structure. After comprehensively examining the factors that can be inferred and applied from the IP system, additionally, a few topics such as i) Collective ownership of IP and the concept of total sharing data ownership ii) Non-voluntary license and forced sharing of data iii) Implications of the collective copyright management system through trusts will be discussed in more detail.

Evaluation and analysis of digital language archives development platforms: a parametric approach

PurposeWhile the obstacles of archiving endangered languages are significant, the question of which platform is best for building a digital language archive is constantly present. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyse digital language archives development platforms, such as content management systems (CMSs), digital repositories and archival collections management systems (ACMSs) using parameters that have been specified. The authors selected Mukurtu CMS, which is based on Drupal CMS; DSpace as the digital repository software; and ArchivesSpace as an ACMS in this study.Design/methodology/approachThe current research is supported by a study of the literature and a detailed exploration of different systems used to develop digital language archives. The whole research is carried out in three steps: literature searching; identification of relevant literature; and parameter identification, exploration of tools and data reporting and analysis.FindingsFollowing the technical and feature analysis of these tools, it can be concluded that they are more or less comparable, as well as constantly evolving, updating and having a bigger community base. It may be determined that DSpace is the most popular platform, but the other two, particularly ArchivesSpaces, are fierce competitors.Research limitations/implicationsThis study outlines the technical prerequisites for creating a digital language archive, which will be useful to IT personnel working on these projects. The research is also useful for tool developers as it allows them to incorporate missing functionality and technical standards by comparing them to alternatives. The parameters established in this study can be used for similar studies in other domains, as well as for evaluating existing digital language archives.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study have broad practical implications, and they can assist archivists, linguists, language communities and library and information science professionals in choosing an appropriate platform for building a digital language archive.Originality/valueThis study finds that there is relatively little effort made towards reviewing digital language archiving and the systems that are used to do it; thus, this study is carried out to assess and analyse digital language archive creation systems based on defined parameters. The parameters were discovered through a combination of the available literature and tool discovery. Using a parametric approach to evaluate tools yields unique insights and quickly reveals system flaws.