Collection Centers Research Articles

Residents’ Attitudes, Behaviour, and Willingness to Recycle E-waste in Brunei Darussalam

Today, the electronics industry is the largest and fastest-growing manufacturing sector in the world. The rapid expansion of this industry coupled with the brief product lifespan generates an enormous amount of e-waste. Increasing amounts of waste from the electronics industry pose a significant problem for many lower-middle income nations today. For proper disposal and routing of e-waste, consumer cognizance plays a crucial role in directing e-waste to its authorised collection centres and authorised recyclers. Financial constraints, inadequate storage facilities and information on e-waste, lack of awareness on the impacts of e-waste, the absence of rules and regulations, and the lack of an appropriate description of roles and responsibilities pertaining to e-waste management, among other factors, may be impeding e-waste management. In this research, a primary survey is conducted to determine consumers’ awareness and preferences regarding the disposal of electronic waste. The survey was conducted in Brunei Darussalam with 351 consumers using a structured questionnaire. This survey questionnaire’s demographic profile includes gender, age group, employment status, household size, and income range. Knowledge of e-waste, awareness of e-waste, willingness to recycle, and consumer preference regarding the appropriate disposal and management of e-waste were identified using exploratory factor analysis. The study reveals that 57.3% of respondents comprehend the definition of e-waste, with 89.9% of respondents using a mobile phone daily and 86.6% using a computer daily. 58.1% of respondents do not know what to do with their e-waste, so the majority retain it at home. The primary concern regarding e-waste disposal is a lack of knowledge about recycling facilities. Approximately 66% of respondents are willing to pay between BND $ 1 - 10 for the disposal or recycling of e-waste, and 38% are willing to travel between 1 and 5 kilometers for disposal or recycling. 76% of respondents concurred that the government should subsidise e-waste disposal. By comprehending attitudes, behaviour, and willingness to recycle e-waste, a comprehensive e-waste management policy can be formulated.

Introduction to Special Collection: Plant-Anthropo-Genesis: The Co-Production of Plant–People Lifeworlds

Ethnobiology has long recognized that human and plant relationships produce particular ways of living. The discipline is increasingly asking how these lifeworlds reflect and create sociopolitical formations—from low-impact hunting–gathering or slash-and-burn agriculture, to colonial plantations and runaway settlements, to contemporary agribusiness and alternative biodynamic agriculture. In this special issue, we propose the concept plant-anthropo-genesis to highlight the ways in which plants and people are co-produced. We explore entanglements between plants and people over time, drawing on wide-ranging ethnographic and historical research to offer new and critical insights into the ways that plant–human lifeworlds co-produce one another—from the processes of racialization in plantation societies to the aspirational interventions of gardeners, farmers, and scientists aiming for redemption from chemical industrial agriculture. The collection centers on acts of reciprocal human and botanical labor through a variety of contexts and perspectives in crop fields, including: how monocrops and plantations reshape socioecological life; ritual dimensions of plant–human interactions; and the regenerative alternatives that re-imagine plant–human relations and agro-ecological possibilities amid the historical weight of extractivist agriculture in plant-anthropo-worlds.

ИТОГИ НАУЧНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ АНАПСКОЙ ЗОНАЛЬНОЙ ОПЫТНОЙ СТАНЦИИ ВИНОГРАДАРСТВА И ВИНОДЕЛИЯ – ФИЛИАЛА ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО БЮДЖЕТНОГО НАУЧНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ «СЕВЕРО-КАВКАЗСКИЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЦЕНТР САДОВОДСТВА, ВИНОГРАДАРСТВА, ВИНОДЕЛИЯ» ЗА 2023 ГОД

The article summarizes the main results of scientific research conducted by scientists of Anapa ZESV&W – branch of FSBSI NCFSCGVW in 2023 in the performance of the State task, aimed at the search, mobilisation, conservation, study and replenishment of gene resources of grapes, development of a method of analysis of vegetation indices of ampelocenoses according to long-term satellite data and obtaining new knowledge about the regularities of the influence of biotic and abiotic factors of growing grapes, as well as technological methods of wine production on changes in the biochemical composition of grapes. The researches were carried out in plantations of the center of collective use Anapa ampelographic collection and production plantations of grapes of Krasnodar region by generally accepted and adapted methods. As a result of fulfilment of the thematic plan, 7 completed developments of fundamental and 4 of priority-applied importance were obtained, including: 5 sources of breeding-valuable traits, 2 elite forms, 1 standard operating procedure for growing hybrid grape seedlings (SOP 00668034-005-2023), 1 database (Certificate of state registration of database № 2023623958 from 14.11.2023, application № 2023623768 from 08.11.2023), 1 computer programme (Certificate of state registration of database № 2023623958 from 14.11.2023, application №2023623768 from 08.11.2023), 1 technological instruction (Technology of production of wine and wine in bulk (wine material) dry white «Barkhatnyi Muscat» (TI 11.02.12-185-00668034-2023). 2 patents have been obtained based on the results of research. In general, the scientific institution maintains 21 objects of intellectual property, 14 of them – for varieties. The benchmark for fulfilment of the R&D plan on publication activity according to the state assignment for 2023 was a publication score of 7.0. The actual implementation was 11.6 points. The total number of published papers is 24, 11 of which were included in the RSCI core.

Designing a Surveillance Sensor Network with Information Clearinghouse for Advanced Air Mobility

To ensure safe, secure, and efficient advanced air mobility (AAM) operations, an AAM surveillance network is needed to detect and track AAM traffic. Additionally, a cloud-based surveillance data collection, monitoring, and distribution center is needed, where AAM operators and service suppliers, law enforcement agencies, correctional facilities, and municipalities can subscribe to receiving relevant AAM traffic data to plan and monitor AAM operations. In this work, we developed an optimization model to design a surveillance sensor network for AAM that minimizes the total sensor cost while providing full coverage in the desired region of operation, considering terrain types of that region, terrain-based sensor detection probabilities, and meeting the minimum detection probability requirement. Moreover, we present a framework for the low altitude surveillance information clearinghouse (LASIC), connected to the optimized AAM surveillance network for receiving live surveillance feed. Additionally, we conducted a cost–benefit analysis of the AAM surveillance network and LASIC to justify an investment in it. We examine six potential types of AAM sensors and homogeneous and heterogeneous network types. Our analysis reveals the sensor types that are the most profitable options for detecting cooperative and non-cooperative aircraft. According to the findings, heterogeneous networks are more cost-effective than homogeneous sensor networks. Based on the sensitivity analysis, changes in parameters such as subscription fees, the number of subscribers, sensor detection probabilities, and the minimum required detection probability significantly impact the surveillance network design and cost–benefit analysis.

Presenting a mathematical model of blood supply chain considering the efficiency of collection centers and development of metaheuristic algorithm in M/M/C/K queuing system.

In this study, a multiobjective model was devoted to the objectives of minimizing blood supply chain costs and minimizing the waiting time of blood donors for blood transfusion and minimizing blood transfusion schedule and increasing the efficiency of fixed and mobile centers in collecting blood. One of the most important constraints considered in the mathematical model is the capacity constraints of considering fixed and mobile blood facilities and management of the transfer of blood products to centers for collecting and distinguishing healthy and unhealthy blood. A multiobjective model was considered with the objectives of minimizing blood supply chain costs, the waiting time of blood donors for blood transfusion, and blood transfusion timing and increasing the efficiency of fixed and mobile centers in blood collection. The model findings were analyzed in order to validate the model on a larger scale, using the meta-innovative algorithm NSGAII and MOSPO. According to the research findings, we suggest that fuzzy uncertainty and fair distribution problem shouldn't be added to the dimensions of the main problem, and further analysis should be done in this area. It was shown that the NSGAII algorithm's performance was better than the MOPSO meta-heuristic algorithm.

Application of Rating Scale Method to Design and Construct an Employee Performance Assessment Application System in National Charity Institutions

This research aims to find out how to design and build an employee performance assessment information system using the rating scale method. The data collection methods used were observation, interviews, and literature study. The research used the rating scale as the employee performance assessment method. The author used the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method in system development. The researcher designed an employee performance assessment information system using UML (Unified Modeling Language) tools at this stage. In this stage, the system is built using the PHP and MySQL programming languages for the database. The research results show that the developed performance appraisal system can provide significant benefits in monitoring employee performance more efficiently. Using this system makes the performance appraisal process easier, reduces file buildup, and increases the speed of the process from one week to only three days to complete the appraisal report. A data collection center also provides additional value by ensuring the security and orderliness of information.

Milk Production and Evaluation in Farms Raised Anatolian Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis); A Case Study of Igdir Province

This study was conducted by carrying out a questionnaire with 98 enterprise owners rearing Anatolian water buffalo in 2015 in Igdir city of Turkey. The average daily milk yield, annual milk yield, and sales price buffalos milk of the enterprises were determined as 5.48±0.07 (kg), 1228.56±15.60 (kg/lactation), and USD1.06 (price/per kg), respectively. 3% of the produced raw milk was put on the market as raw milk, 20.9% as product, and 76.1% as raw milk + product. 81.54% of the processed milk was marketed as butter+cream+curd cheese, 7.69% as butter + cheese + curd cheese, and 10.77% is marketed as butter + cheese + yoghurt + curd cheese. It was determined that out of the companies selling raw milk, 88.7% sold to street milk + grocery stores and 11.3% sold to daily farms. As a result, in order to ensure sustainable buffalo breeding in Igdır province, buffalo milk collection centers, processing facilities, buffalo breeders' union should be established. Anatolian water buffaloes reared in Igdir city should be protected in order to protect the gene resources. Non-native buffalo insemination should not be allowed. Otherwise, it should be remembered that the heads rearing in each region are adapted into the region they inhabit in. Matings made to increase the amount of milk can affect negatively the properties like butter and cream yield. However, kinship degeneration should not be allowed in animals raised in the province. Mating of cows should be done with a system.

Prospective, clinical comparison of self-collected throat-bilateral nares swabs and saline gargle compared to health care provider collected nasopharyngeal swabs among symptomatic outpatients with potential SARS-CoV-2 infection.

In British Columbia (BC), self-collected saline gargle (SG) is the only alternative to health care provider (HCP)-collected nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs to detect SARS-CoV-2 in an outpatient setting by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, some individuals cannot perform a SG. Our study aimed to assess combined throat-bilateral nares (TN) swabbing as a swab-based alternative. Symptomatic individuals greater than 12 years of age seeking a COVID-19 PCR test at one of two COVID-19 collection centres in Metro Vancouver were asked to participate in this study. Participants provided a HCP-collected NP sample and a self-collected SG and TN sample for PCR testing, which were either HCP observed or unobserved. Three-hundred and eleven individuals underwent all three collections. Compared against HCP-NP, SG was 99% sensitive and 98% specific (kappa 0.97) and TN was 99% sensitive and 99% specific (kappa 0.98). Using the final clinical test interpretation as the reference standard, NP was 98% sensitive and 100% specific (kappa 0.98), and both SG and TN were 99% sensitive and 100% specific (both kappa 0.99). Mean cycle threshold values for each viral target were higher in SG specimens compared to the other sample types; however, this did not significantly impact the clinical performance, because the positivity rates were similar. The clinical performance of all specimen types was comparable within the first 7 days of symptom onset, regardless of the observation method. SG self-collections were rated the most acceptable, followed by TN. TN provides another less invasive self-collection modality for symptomatic outpatient SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing.

Valorisation of Forest and Agriculture Residual Biomass—The Application of Life Cycle Assessment to Analyse Composting, Mulching, and Energetic Valorisation Strategies

The treatment of agricultural and forest residues (AFRs) has become an important issue nowadays, both to avoid improper management and for their enhancement. In the study area of Viseu (Portugal), the AFRs are taken to a Residual Biomass Collection Centre. These are valorised in a Biomass Power Plant to produce electricity. Two further processes could be implemented to valorise this biomass: mulching and composting. This study aims to understand the best strategy to enhance this type of biomass residual considering their environmental performance. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied considering a cradle-to-grave approach. Different processes of all the technologies were analysed, and the data collected enabled a comparison of 11 environmental impact categories. The results show that composting is the best alternative, except for global warming and ozone layer depletion, and energy valorisation has the greatest impact on five of the considered categories. In the three processes, impacts are mainly associated with the production and shredding phases of the residual biomass, rather than the transportation stages, due to the short distances covered. In all cases, the value of the final product generates market consequences in terms of electricity and fertiliser production. In line with the aim of the study, its outcomes may provide scientific support to local decision makers in defining best practices in the management of the AFRs.

An Investigation into the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in an Industrial Hub in Mid-Hills of Northern India

Frequent water-borne disease outbreaks affecting human health have been reported in district Solan, which is a rapidly industrialing region of Himachal Pradesh, a northern state of India. For ascertaining the cause, microbiological assessment of drinking groundwater sources of the region was undertaken. For this, thermotolerant coliform study and genome typing were undertaken. Multiple tube fermentation technique was employed in selected five sources to detect thermotolerant coliforms during the seasons of monsoon and post-monsoon in the years 2018-19. Thermotolerant coliforms varied in Most Probable Number from 2-34 per 100 ml water indicating contaminated water sources, densities being significantly more in monsoon months (p< 0.05). Four different coliform morphotypes were obtained from all the sources on Eosin Methylene Blue plates. Of these, the only strain, designated as Nalagarh Water Strain (NGW), was recovered from all sources, suggesting its prevalence. Based upon biochemical and morphological attributes, the strain was recognized as Escherichia coli. Conversely, molecular characterization (16S rRNA ribotyping) identified it as Raoultella planticola (GenBank accession No. MK318824). The strain was deposited in a National Culture Collection Centre, National Centre for Microbial Resources, Pune, Maharashtra (India) with deposition accession number MCC 4064 for future utility in public research activities. Microbiological assessment evinced contaminated drinking water sources, probably causing diarrhoeal diseases. 16S rRNA ribotyping assisted in correct identification of the microorganism.

Quick-Response Model for Pre- and Post-Disaster Evacuation and Aid Distribution: The Case of the Tula River Flood Event

Background: In the context of humanitarian logistics, efficiently evacuating people from disaster-stricken areas is a complex challenge. This study focuses on the Tula River region in Hidalgo, Mexico, exploring the evacuation and support of individuals in temporary shelters. Despite the fact that the topic has been addressed in the literature, it is necessary to have quick response methods that can be used by decision-makers to adapt and utilize existing spaces as temporary shelters, in addition to knowing how to evacuate people. Methods: Addressing this void, a methodology to minimize evacuation and aid distribution costs is introduced. Leveraging existing algorithms, particularly Integer Linear Programming, the model determines shelter activation and utilizes the Vehicle Routing Problem to assess aid delivery strategies. Results: The research identifies optimal evacuation routes from 13 affected areas to 34 shelters and analyzes aid distribution costs under various demand scenarios: original, increased, and decreased by 10%, based on the number of transport units allocated and Google Maps distances. It also evaluates the costs associated with humanitarian aid distribution under varying collection strategies, involving state and municipal governments. Conclusion: This approach provides a decision-making foundation and can be adapted for similar analyses in other communities during extreme events.

Mixed-methods exploration of the knowledge of young adults about blood donation processes; a one-center cross-sectional study in a tertiary institution.

Ghana is a majority youthful population, but is only able to meet 60% of its annual blood donation requirements. Although tertiary students in Ghana may serve as important blood donor resource by virtue of their higher educational attainment, data about their blood donation processes-specific knowledge are scarce. This study therefore explored the perspectives, and experiences of young adults regarding blood donation processes. This exploratory study employed mixed-methods approach (semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussion, [FGD]). Data collection was sequential; the questionnaire distribution was completed before FGD commenced; themes that emerged from the questionnaire responses guided FGDs. Convenience sampling technique was used to recruit 382 young adults (15-49 years). All statistical analyses were undertaken using the two-tail assumptions; p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Majority (79.3%) of the participants were in their twenties, with only 1.3% being 40-49 years old. Although two-thirds of participants expressed willingness to donate blood, less than a-third (31.7%; 127/382) had previously donated blood. Overall, less than one-third of participants could correctly identify the minimum weight (26.4%), or the inter-donation interval (14.7%); 37.4% and 58.1% could respectively indicate the required donor age or ≥3 infectious agents screened for prior to blood collection. Among previous donors, 37.2%, 28.1% and 43.0% could identify the required weight, acceptable inter-donation period, and donor age respectively. Two-thirds and a-third of participants preferred voluntary unrelated, and paid donations respectively. Whereas 42.4% of participants indicated intrinsic health benefits of blood donation, 17.0% suggested that blood donation was associated with disease risks. Both previous donors and non-donor groups considered lack of education, fear of post-donation health issues and lack of privacy at blood collection centers as main hindrances to donor recruitment. Targeted intentional blood donation-specific educational campaigns are warranted to address the blood donation processes knowledge gap among the study population.

National and world experience in functioning of centers for collective use of biological resource collections of tumors of the central nervous system

To analyze the experience of collective use center and biobank of the Burdenko Neurosurgical Center compared to national and international data on functioning of collective use centers specializing in tumors of the human central nervous system. We reviewed the PubMed and e-Library databases using the following keywords: core facilities brain tumors, repository of collective use brain tumors, biobank of CNS tumors, central nervous system tumor collection centers. We also analyzed the organizations registered on the portal of scientific and technical infrastructure of the Russian Federation. We analyzed 275 publications devoted to collective use centers and biobanks. These biobanks do not position themselves as collective use centers but actively realize biological material for researches. Structure of institutions presented on the portal of scientific and technical infrastructure of the Russian Federation is characterized. The collective use center «Bioresource collection of tissues and cell cultures of tumors of the human nervous system for fundamental and applied researches» has access to biobank of the Burdenko Neurosurgical Center. To date, the biobank contains more than 8478 aliquots of tumor tissue frozen at ultra-low temperature (-196°C) and obtained from 1993 patients. Considering available data, we established the basic principles of work in collective use centers with bioresource collections. Collective use centers with bioresource collections of tumors of the central nervous system are rare. There is only one collective use center organized at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Center on the portal of scientific and technical infrastructure of the Russian Federation. At the same time, there is an urgent need to increase their number and activity in Russia and other countries worldwide. You can use the resource of brain tumor collections by leaving a request on the official website of this organization in the «Collective use center» section.

Effective collection of end-of-life solar panels through an incentive-based model

The rapid growth in solar panel installation helps to sustainably meet the rising energy demand and aid in combating climate change. However, materials for producing panels are exhaustible, and cost-effective material availability is a long-term issue. Currently, the focus of solar energy use is mainly on building long-lasting, higher efficient modules with no clear recycling plan. The collection and handling of wastes are identified as critical factors in effective recycling. Thus, there is a need to provide a systematic plan through the use of sophisticated techniques for improving the collection and recycling network. The aim of this work is to fill this gap by introducing an optimization framework for reverse logistics, specifically for collecting solar PV modules. This study introduces a framework for optimizing reverse logistics in Delhi by formulating a Convex Mix Integer model with a quadratic objective and constraint. The McCormick envelope and CPLEX solver are used to ensure linearity and achieve optimization. The results indicate that centralized (case 3) and optimally decentralized (case 5) collection plans are more profitable than assigning zones to the nearest collection center (case 2) or opening all collection centers (cases 1 and 4). The framework includes an incentive-based approach for the collection process for end-of-life (EoL) solar panels while enabling collection centers to maximize their operating profits and providing insights to form regulations for PV waste treatment.

«Scared of what?»: Interpretations of Safety among Forced Migrants in Collective Accommodation Centres

Previous research on refugees and camps points to numerous situations characterised by a lack of security and uncertainty for refugees, both in refugee camps and large-scale reception centres. Much less is known, however, about refugees’ experiences and practices in smaller-scale municipal asylum accommodations. This paper identifies a subject-oriented sense of security that manifests itself in socially contextualised situations, to find out what helps refugees to feel safe and which practices they use to (re)claim a sense of safety. Based on a qualitative-interpretive approach, I will use interviews to outline interpretations and practices of security among refugees in collective accommodation centres. It becomes clear that security was, is and remains an issue for residents. Their sense of safety is often influenced by past experiences. Despite the fact that the majority feel physically safe in Germany and in the accommodation centres, stress seems to persist.

Circular economy of food: A secondary supply chain model on food waste management incorporating IoT based technology

Sustainable development goal (SDG) 12.3 urges reducing food waste to half at retail and consumer level and minimizing the losses along food supply chains by 2030. This study contributes to achieving these targets by incorporating a secondary supply chain with primary food chain, where food waste is controlled through IoT enabled preservation mechanism at retail level, and the yet created food waste along food chain is recycled through a secondary supply chain. Food waste at retail and consumer level is collected at a collection center by incentivizing the waste returns and recycled into secondary product at recycling plant. This study develops a mathematical model, integrating primary food chain with secondary supply chain, targeting waste control and recycling, material recovery, and economic benefits. Integrating IoT technology, product's lifetime-dependent deterioration rate is controlled by adjusting preservation conditions. This technology facilitates online inventory inspections and removal of expired items. Supply chain decisions are optimized for preservation cost and cycle time. Results of numerical experiments reveal the secondary supply chain consumes all the food waste, conserves 62% of material resources, reduces preservation costs by 65.8%, and enhances profits by 49%. IoT enabled preservation strategy extends the food product's lifespan and inventory cycle time, thus, controlling the causes of food waste creation. Finally, this study offers crucial insights for decision-making in food circular supply chains.

Algorithm of information stability in hydroacoustic control channel for aquaculture

Increasing attention is being paid to the mechanisms of data transfer between ocean research devices and data collection and analysis centers for the subsequent study and theorization of ocean evolution. All transmitted data are vulnerable to interception by unauthorized parties, so one of the main challenges is to protect the transmitted information. The proposed algorithm is based on steganographic method and solves the authentication problem by embedding additional data into the original signal in such a way that it is not empirically detectable. Among the first and best- known methods for hidden data embedding is a technique based on spread spectrum technology and its various adaptations, which incorporate additional parameters into the mathematical equation to improve the efficiency of the method. However, when auxiliary information is encoded into the original audio signal, these parameters affect both the covertness and robustness of the embedded data, potentially compromising the integrity of the steganographic system. Consequently, the development of steganographic techniques is aimed at simultaneously improving stealth and robustness.

Population structure of exotic fish tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus P. 1852) in Vallabhsagar reservoir - a large aquatic ecosystem on western ghats of India

The present study was conducted to find out the population structure of the studied fish tilapia which provides the information on the exploitation pattern, existing growth and sustainability of the fish in the surrounding aquatic environment. The random fish scale samples (505 numbers) were collected at monthly basis during the month of November 2021 to April 2022 from different commercial fish collection center at Vallabhsagar reservoir, Gujarat for the proposed study of exotic fish tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). The findings of the study shows that fishes varied from 1+ to 5+ age classes and in which 4+ (29%) age group was dominated which followed by 2+ (26%), 3+ (25%), 1+ (12%) and 5+ (9%) of the total population. Moreover, bell shaped age pyramid of tilapia was observed by the balanced population growth due to static aquatic environment in Vallabhsagar reservoir, Gujarat. The increasing length and weight indicated that aquatic environment was favorable for Oreochromis mossambicus in study area may be due to abundance of energy rich food. This rare study in this particular area have been found very useful to evaluate the status of populations, scientific management of fisheries and stock assessment.

First Outbreak of African Swine Fever in Sweden: Local Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Eradication Strategies

The first case of African swine fever (ASF) was confirmed in Sweden in September 2023. This article describes the local epidemiology, including the spatiotemporal dynamics of the outbreak and some of the factors that may have contributed to its apparently successful eradication. Upon detection of the outbreak, strict control measures were put in place in a preliminarily defined infected zone. A carcass search, including geo‐localisation, removal, sampling, and destruction of found carcasses, was initiated and a preliminary core area was defined based on the results. Six months after confirmation of the first case, 93 wild boar carcasses had been found in the infected zone, of which 62 tested positive for ASF virus (ASFV). All ASFV‐positive carcasses were found inside the core area. Based on two taphonomy methods, it was assumed that the infection was introduced between early May and late June 2023. The data also indicated that the epidemic curve peaked between mid‐August and mid‐September, with the last death occurring in late September 2023. Based on the average estimated time of death, geo‐localisation of carcasses and two‐dimensional kernel density estimation, clustering in space and time was identified. An online questionnaire with questions about hunting and the wild boar population was sent to all leaders of hunting groups in the infected zone. The results showed that the wild boar population had increased in the last 10 years but with large variations and geographical heterogeneity in space use. Disease introduction through natural wild boar movements was excluded and it was assumed that the long‐distance translocation of the virus had occurred through human activities. A municipal waste collection centre without wild boar‐proof fencing is located close to the epicentre of the outbreak, attracting many wild boar and contributing to the spread of the virus once it had been introduced to the population.

An embedded system and IoT-based approach to determine milk quality at milk collection centre - pertaining to Indian conditions

An embedded system and IoT-based approach to determine milk quality at milk collection centre - pertaining to Indian conditions