Research Data Collection Research Articles

Empowering communities through data literacy: a qualitative study exploring Indigenous Australian perceptions, engagement and understanding of data

Data literacy is an essential competency needed to use data to inform decisions and participate in contemporary society. Importantly, in the context of Indigenous health it enables engagement with health services and facilitates health management, Indigenous data sovereignty and Indigenous data governance. However, while Indigenous data sovereignty and Indigenous data governance are gaining momentum globally, there are no mechanisms for understanding or enhancing data literacy within Indigenous communities. To explore this, a research project was co-designed between the QUT Centre for Data Science and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service Brisbane (ATSICHS), a community-controlled health service in Queensland Australia, to provide insights into the current state of data literacy, community perceptions of data, and identify community suggestions for enhancing data literacy. Furthermore, by utilizing an Indigenist research design, the project ensured Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ ways of knowing, being, and doing were privileged and prominent throughout research design, data collection and analysis. The qualitative study included 20 semi-structured interviews with Brisbane Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples who had accessed or engaged with ATSICHS. This paper presents insights into Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ perspectives on data and data literacy, which may benefit community-controlled organizations and other Indigenous communities within Australia and around the world.

A practical guide to implementing artificial intelligence in traditional East Asian medicine research

In this paper, we present a comprehensive guide for implementing artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in traditional East Asian medicine (TEAM) research. We cover essential aspects of the AI model development pipeline, including research objective establishment, data collection and preprocessing, model selection, evaluation, and interpretation. The unique considerations in applying AI to TEAM datasets, such as data scarcity, imbalance, and model interpretability, are discussed. We provide practical tips and recommendations based on best practices and our own experience. The potential of large language models in TEAM research is also highlighted. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of AI application in TEAM, emphasizing the need for standardized data collection and sharing platforms.

DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING MATERIALS BASED ON PROJECT BASED LEARNING FOR EDITING COURSE

The aim of this study was to provide project-based learning-based teaching materials for editing courses. This study makes use of the ADDIE paradigm for research and development. Writing learning outcomes, questionnaires, and observation were utilized to collect research data. Expert and peer assessments provided the data for the analysis. The findings demonstrated that successful learning outcomes were achieved by developing project-based learning-based teaching materials for fourth-year Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program students in the Editing course. This helps students revise their writing more effectively, which enhances their writing abilities. Thus, the research's implications concern students' comprehension of modifying and creating instructional materials in order to meet learning objectives. This tactic has a big impact on learning.

The Influence of Audio Visual Media on Critical Thinking in Civics Learning for Islamic Elementary School

This research examines the effect of using audio-visual media on critical thinking in Civics learning in class V Min 4 students in Medan City. This research is quantitative research using experimental research methods. The population used in this research was all classes V Min 4 in Medan City for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 108 students. The sampling technique that researchers will use is nonprobability sampling, the Purposive sampling model. The sample in this research was 21 class VA students and 18 class VB students. They were collecting research data through interviews, observation, documentation, and Testing, collecting research data, interviews, observation, and documentation and using a 5 question Essay Test for critical thinking skills. The inferential statistical technique used is prerequisite analysis for normality tests, homogeneity tests, and independent t-tests to test hypotheses. Based on the research results, there are differences in students' average critical thinking learning outcomes in the control and experimental classes, which shows the influence of audio-visual media on critical thinking in civics learning. Based on the criteria for the effectiveness of using audio-visual media on students' critical thinking, they are at the third level. or effective enough to be used in learning.

Literasi Perbankan Syariah Untuk Meningkatkan Akselerasi Inklusi Keuangan (Studi pada Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Probolinggo)

This research aims to analyze the literacy used by syariah banking in increasing the acceleration of financial inclusion at BSI KCP Probolinggo. This research explores the impact of the role of syariah banking literacy on accelerating financial inclusion, in the context of inclusive and sustainable syariah banking. This topic was chosen to fill the gap in understanding the contribution of syariah banking literacy to the development of financial inclusion, which is a crucial aspect in building a sustainable syariah financial institutional environment. The qualitative approach used in this research is a case study type. The selection of objects at BSI KCP Probolinggo was based on considerations because the bank is one of the syariah financial institutions that plays an important role in the development of syariah finance in the Probolinggo area. The techniques used to collect research data consist of in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Where the research data consists of primary data obtained from several research informants, namely the director of BSI KCP Probolinggo, three employees of BSI KCP Probolinggo, five customers of BSI KCP Probolinggo. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from national and international journals that were relevant to research. The data analysis techniques used consist of data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that syariah banking literacy in increasing financial inclusion is carried out by providing financial education, holding promotions and marketing, and conducting outreach through various media. Syariah banking literacy has a significant impact on increasing financial inclusion.

Strategi Penurunan Angka Stunting dan Analisis Hambatan Kebijakan

Stunting has been proven to be a global issue that significantly impacts the growth of a country. In Indonesia, the problem of stunting has become one of the Strategic Priority Projects (Major Projects) in the National Medium-Term Development Plan 2022-2024. Based on this decision, each regents, including Kendal Regency, has also been promoting the acceleration of stunting reduction. Various medical studies have extensively discussed the dangers, factors, and the actions that can be undertaken to prevent stunting. However, they have yet to elaborate on the actual obstacles faced by local governments in their efforts to create stunting-free regions. The purpose of this study is to identify strategies for reducing stunting and the factors that may hinder the achievement of stunting reduction targets. In collecting research data, the author uses a qualitative descriptive method obtained from literature reviews, observations, and interviews involving relevant stakeholders.

Malacuik Marapulai Tradition from the Perspective of 'Urf'

This research stems from the large number of Padang Pariaman people who carry out the malacuik marapulai tradition. Thus in this study the author explains how the implementation of the malacuik marapulai tradition in Korong Tiram Nagari Tapakih, Ulakan Tapakis District, Padang Pariaman Regency and how Urf views related to this tradition. This type of research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach so that it can directly know the implementation of the tradition. While in the research data collection is done by means of observation, interviews and documentation obtained directly from sources related to the research, in this case the informants consist of religious leaders, traditional leaders, and some Padang Pariaman people who have carried out this bajapuik tradition. The results showed that the tradition in malacuik aims to provide provision to prospective brides so that they are able to carry out their responsibilities well as a man, who is considered the leader of the family, this malacuik marapulai tradition has more benefits than its disadvantages. So based on the rules of fiqh, the tradition may be carried out because it will bring a good thing in social life

A Systematic Review of Medical Expert Systems for Cardiac Arrest Prediction

Background:: Predicting cardiac arrest is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. Machine learning has yielded astounding results by offering tailored prediction analyses on complex data. Despite advancements in medical expert systems, there remains a need for a comprehensive analysis of their effectiveness and limitations in cardiac arrest prediction. This need arises because there are not enough existing studies that thoroughly cover the topic. Objective:: The systematic review aims to analyze the existing literature on medical expert systems for cardiac arrest prediction, filling the gaps in knowledge and identifying key challenges. Methods:: This paper adopts the PRISMA methodology to conduct a systematic review of 37 publications obtained from PubMed, Springer, ScienceDirect, and IEEE, published within the last decade. Careful inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied during the selection process, resulting in a comprehensive analysis that utilizes five integrated layers- research objectives, data collection, feature set generation, model training and validation employing various machine learning techniques. Results and Conclusion:: The findings indicate that current studies frequently use ensemble and deep learning methods to improve machine learning predictions’ accuracy. However, they lack adequate implementation of proper pre-processing techniques. Further research is needed to address challenges related to external validation, implementation, and adoption of machine learning models in real clinical settings, as well as integrating machine learning with AI technologies like NLP. This review aims to be a valuable resource for both novice and experienced researchers, offering insights into current methods and potential future recommendations.

Contributions of internal control to public governance: a study of the perception of internal auditors of federal educational institutions

Purpose: The article aims to analyze the perception of Internal Auditors of Federal Educational Institutions regarding the contributions of Internal Control to Public Governance. Methodology: Regarding the technical procedures for collecting research data, a structured questionnaire (Survey) with multiple choices was used, on a 10 (ten) point scale with alternatives of no agreement/a lot of agreement, with 1 being no agreement and 10 being very agreement. The analysis was carried out using Factor Analysis. Results: As a result of the research, it was identified that the factors: Risk-Based Audit Planning, Transparency, Public Integrity and Accountability, obtained the highest averages as contributions of internal control to public governance in the perception of the responding auditors. Factors such as the Provision of Consulting Services and Society Participation presented the lowest averages among the factors analyzed. After the factor analysis, it was found that the first factor, Adherence to International Auditing Standards, presents approximately 59.7% of the explanatory power of the variances contained in the sample. According to the auditors' perception, adherence or alignment with international auditing standards is representative of the evolution of the governance process in federal public administration. Contributions of the Study: The study contributes to the discussion on public governance regarding the contributions of internal control to its development. The results suggest that the process of adhering to international auditing standards is an irreversible process and recognized as necessary for the development of governance in the federal public sector, given that this adherence to international auditing standards presents itself as a factor with greater explanatory power in the analysis, signaling that for public administration to follow the evolution of its governance, it must remain integrated with international standards and best practices.

The Nested Knowledge System of TPACK: A Case Study on Physics Teachers' Educational Resource Selection and Integration

The aim of this research is to explore the system of knowledge of the Lebanese secondary physics teachers that affects the selection and integration of educational resources. This teachers' knowledge was studied through their pedagogical and technological pedagogical content knowledge (PCK and TPCK) concerning instructional strategies, students understanding, curricula, and curriculum materials, including technology that is mobilized in their practice. For this aim, a qualitative approach was employed, and four physics teachers purposefully selected from four secondary schools participated in this study. Classroom observations and interviews were used as research data collection tools. The data analysis revealed that the system of the different teachers' knowledge studied in this research could be seen as a whole, while one system of knowledge was highly related to another. This study, hence, called these consistent knowledge systems "nested knowledge system." This study also showed that this "nested knowledge system" determines teachers' didactical decisions in general and influences the selection and integration of resources in particular. It also revealed that misconceptions are persistent and cannot be changed easily. Moreover, the context of the teaching-learning process reshapes the teacher's knowledge about students' understanding, which is the only knowledge that shows inconsistency between intended and operational practice. In addition, it showed that teachers' knowledge about students' understanding (PCK/U) has a significant effect on teachers' knowledge about curricula and instructional strategies (TPACK/C & TPACK/S).

Analysis of the Needs for the Development of Computational Chemistry-Based Learning Media on the Subject of Hydrocarbons

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the needs before developing computational chemistry-based learning media on hydrocarbon materials. This research is classified as development research developed with the ADDIE model. It's just that the stage used in this study is only limited to the analysis stage. Data collection in research is carried out by literature study methods and field studies with research instruments in the form of questionnaires on learning media needs and interviews by teachers. The location of this study is SMA Negeri Modal Bangsa Arun. Based on the results of interviews with chemistry teachers, it was found that learning hydrocarbon material at the high school level requires more effort because students must understand molecular structure, chemical bonds, and atomic structure. This makes students less understanding of concepts microscopically and can also cause misconceptions. Then, the results of the needs analysis show that there are still limited learning media that support microscopic concepts, especially the shape of molecules in 3-D. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop computational chemistry-based learning media on hydrocarbon materials.

Analysis of Productivity and Labor Requirements of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Harvesting at Afdeling 4 in PT. Alam Jaya Persada

In facing increasingly competitive competition, every company needs quality human resources (HR) who have high competence. The challenges that are often faced by every company are the demand for production, which is quite high, and the quality of the products produced. Based on this, human resource management is needed according to the needs of the company. This study aims to determine the characteristics of harvesting employees, the productivity of harvesting employees, and the number of effective oil palm harvesting labor requirements in Afdeling 4 at PT. Alam Jaya Persada. This study uses two data sources, namely primary data consisting of interviews, direct observation, and documentation, as well as secondary data consisting of company documents and literature related to research activities. Respondents in this study amounted to 22 harvest employees who were determined using saturated sampling techniques. Research data collection was carried out through direct observation, interviews, and collecting all documents related to research. Data analysis used in managing research data is descriptive analysis. Based on the characteristics of harvest employees, 22 people are all male with a percentage of 100%; the average education of employees, namely elementary school (SD), is 10 employees with a percentage of 45%; based on an average age of 31–40 years, namely 9 employees with a percentage of 41%; and based on the average length of work of 1-2 years, namely 11 employees with a percentage of 50%. The results showed that of the 22 harvesting employees of Afdeling 4, the average productivity of harvesting employees was 163 beds/HK, and the basis set by the company was 120 beds/HK. This shows that Afdeling 4 employees can be said to be very productive. The calculation of the need for effective employees in Afdeling 4 is 18 harvesting employees with an area of 728 ha, but the number of employees in the field is 22 or has exceeded the labor requirements for the area of the land.

Impact of Intellectual Capital and Organisational Culture on Financial Performance: Mediation by Knowledge Management in Higher Education Institutions in Libya

Purpose: Sustained volatility has worse affected, again, the already, noteworthy decline in the financial performance of Libya’s higher education system since the year 2011. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual frame work that would help in understanding the factors that affects the financial position of Libyan university. Design/Methodology/Approach: The intended study will adopt a quantitative research approach and data collection tool for the study will be through a questionnaire survey. The participants of the sample will be the people occupying the positions of directors of the Office of Administrative and Financial Affairs, chiefs and senior managers of financial departments, accountants, auditors, and other officials engaged in financial administration. All the information collected from the survey shall be tested by structural equation modeling (SEM) in the AMOS program. Findings: This study significantly advances our understanding of how organizational culture, knowledge management, and intellectual capital impact the financial performance of higher education institutions in Libya. The findings provide actionable insights and tools for financial stakeholders, policymakers, and decision-makers to enhance financial performance within these institutions effectively. Implications/Originality/Value: This study aims to address the existing gaps in the present literature on organizational culture, knowledge management, intellectual capital, and their influence on financial performance in higher education. The study's results will have practical ramifications for financial professionals, regulators, and stakeholders, providing useful insights and methods to improve the financial performance of Libyan higher education institutions

INFLUENCE OF TRANSPORTATION PROCESS ON SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN RWANDA A CASE OF ADMA INTERNATIONAL

Background: This research aimed to assess the influence of transportation on supply chain performance of manufacturing industries in Rwanda, a case study of ADMA International. This research: examined the effect of fleet management process on supply chain performance in ADMA International assessed the effect of route planning on supply chain performance in ADMA International and determined the effect of order processing on supply chain performance in ADMA International. Materials and Methods: Both descriptive survey and correlational research designs were used in this study in order to facilitate the accomplishment of the aforementioned goals. The target population of this project was 141 people that included 21 ADMA International employees working at the head office and 120 customers (suppliers and distributors) of ADMA International that operate in each of the secondary cities in the country including Kigali city. The other cities were: Huye, Musanze, Nyagatare and Rubavu. This study made use of a variety of methods, including surveys, interviews, written records, and other institutional reports, in order to collect research data. SPSS, a software used for descriptive statistics, was used to examine the data in order to determine whether transportation has an impact on supply chain performance of manufacturing industries in Rwanda. In this study, we considered both inferential and regression analyses in order to assess the strength of the link that exists between the study variables. Results: From the findings, the following were discovered: (β1= 0.410, t=2.108, p = 0.013<0.05 β2= 0.206, t= 1.779, p =0.017<0.05 β2= 0.425, t= 1.214, p =0.011<0.05). This refers to the fact that 1 per cent increase in transportation practices in form of fleet management, route planning and order processing will lead to 0.410, 0.206, 0.425 and 0.558 increase in supply chain performance of ADMA International. Therefore, the regression model showed that supply chain performance was 1.347+ 0.410 Fleet management + 0.206 Route planning + 0.425 Order processing. From these findings, all the hypotheses were rejected. In accordance with the studys conclusions, the researcher suggested that ADMA management be engaged for the supply chain and prerequisite in order to handle the complexity and rising customer expectations. The supply chain processs planning and control should be strengthened by ADMA management. Furthermore, ADMA management ought to keep developing a competitive infrastructure, utilizing global logistics, and matching supply and demand. In summary, the research findings suggest that raw material transportation has an impact on the supply chain of manufacturing businesses at ADMA based on an analysis of the data collected there. Conclusion: While ADMAs product quality and quantity are important competitive advantages in the market, the research shows that competitive transit times and dependable raw material suppliers that dont require longer than four weeks for delivery, depending on the source, should distinguish the ADMA supply chain. The transportation of raw materials is correlated with the supply chain of manufacturing industries at ADMA, according to research using the Pearson correlation.

ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTHY CLEAN-LIVING BEHAVIORS IN SCHOOL SETTINGS AT HEALTH SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOLS SIHAT BEURATA BANDA ACEH

Background: Clean and Healthy Living Behavior is behavior or a group of behaviors carried out based on will or awareness or learning outcomes that make a person and their family able to help themselves in the field of health and play an active role in realizing public health. Objective: to find out the determinants of implementing clean and healthy living behavior in the school setting at the Beurata Health Science College, Banda Aceh. Research method: Descriptive quantitative research with a cross sectional design with a total of 288 students obtained from total sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. To collect research data on the variables of knowledge, attitudes, facilities, regulations, the role of lecturers, sanctions, a questionnaire was used. Data analysis includes univariate and bivariate using chii square. Results: The results of the univariate test showed that 189 respondents or 75.5% of students adopted clean and healthy living behavior, while 225 respondents or 90.5% of students had good knowledge about clean and healthy living behavior.The results of bivariate research showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and clean and healthy living behavior,markp valueP=0.000 and OR = 9.561.Conclusion:There needs to be a semester evaluation and a technical policy regarding the monitoring mechanism for clean and healthy living behavior among students at the Sihat Beurata Campus, Banda Aceh.

Penerapan Metode Bermain Peran Dalam Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Bahasa Inggris Pada Anak Usia Dini

The purpose of this study is to find out how the role play method can be applied to improve the English language skills of young children in Kindergarten Group B of Bakalani Village, Purwantoro District, Wonogiri Regency. This study was conducted in Purwantoro District Bakalan Village Kindergarten, the number of subjects was 19 children, 10 of which were 5-6 years old boys and 9 were girls. This research method uses classroom action research. This study was conducted in 3 cycles and each cycle was conducted in two meetings. The research data collection techniques are observation and speaking skills tests. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used in this study is a descriptive statistical analysis method that uses percentages. Based on research findings and data analysis, the role-playing method can improve students' #039; English language skills. This can be seen in the survey on the classroom performance of the students in the first session and#039; The knowledge of the English language is only 16% or still classified as very poor. After that, continuing in cycle II, students and#039; English proficiency increased to 44 percent or was still classified as poor. Then in cycle III, the increase was 78% or classified as good.

DAMPAK SOSIAL PASCA KONFLIK 2016 DI KOTA TANJUNGBALAI

This research aims to determine the social impact caused by the 2016 conflict in Tanjungbalai City. This caonflict occurred against the background of a protest from an ethnic Chinese woman who lived in front of the Al Maksum Mosque on Jalan Karya, Tanjungbalai City I District, South Tanjungbalai District, south Tanjungbalai District and protested about the volume of the call to prayer by statting that her voice was too loud. The Formulation of the problem in this research is the Social Impact that occurred after the 2016 conflict in the city Tanjungbalai. this research uses qualitative methods with research data collection techniques carried out by interviews, participation and documentation. The theory in this research is Dahrendorf’s theory which states that there are two groups in society depending on who controls the reins of power. The informants inn this study were 12 people consisting of 5 main informants and 7 addutional informants. The results of this research show that the conflict that occurred in 2016 occurred spontaneously and suddenly and was unexpected by the community meanwhile, the social impact caused by the 2016 conflict in Tanjungbalai was the destruction of places of worship, relations between residents felt increasingly starined at the time, each group was wary of each other and suspicion arose between fellow enrich groups after the incident, than the impact of economic activities after the incident. In this case, the city government gtogether with religious and community laders as well as the TNI-POLRI have succeeded in controlling this situation in the not too distantfuture so that life in Tanjungbalai is running normally as usual. The city of Tanjungbalai was designated the city of intorelan as a result of the 2016 conflict but is now no longer the city of Intorelan due to difficulties in achieving harmony between religious communities. This was created because the city government together with religious and community leaders as well as the TNI-POLRI carried out regular communication, mettings and dialogue between religious and ultimately gave rise to a consensus for the parties concerned to maintain balance and national city.

Analisis Kondisi Ekowisata Hutan Mangrove Lantebung Kelurahan Bira Kota Makassar

The mangrove forest in Lantebung is a result of rehabilitation that is beneficial for the local community to protect settlements from damage caused by sea waves. In 2016, the Lantebung mangrove forest has developed into ecotourism with attractions in the form of the natural beauty of the mangrove forest and colorful bridges. When an ecology is used as ecotourism, the main focus is nature conservation. The aim of this research is to determine the condition of Lantebung mangrove forest ecotourism in its development. The methods used are qualitative methods. Qualitative research data collection techniques use triangulation techniques (observation, interviews and documentation). Based on research results, the condition of Lantebung mangrove forest ecotourism in all categories is good. However, there are still several shortcomings, including: there is no professional training for ecotourism officers, environmental education is still simple in the form of posters and toilet conditions are not good.

Examining the Concept of Principles in Curriculum Development

This research is based on a study of the principles of curriculum development which includes an understanding of the meaning of the curriculum in the teaching context. Curriculum is a general plan that summarizes the learning objectives, content, teaching methods, and assessments used in an educational program. Curriculum development is a complex process and involves various principles that must be taken into account. This research aims to find out and examine the principles of curriculum development. To obtain data from this problem, the author uses a qualitative descriptive method in the form of a literature review, thus proving a scientific study that can be researched and developed further. This research data collection technique was carried out by collecting various reference sources or literature that were considered appropriate, both in the form of soft and written text such as scientific articles, articles, textbooks, etc. The results of the data obtained by the author suggest that there are several principles of curriculum development that are often explored in research, including relevance, continuity, flexibility, effectiveness, practicality and others. By referring to the principles of curriculum development, curriculum development can work consistently, with direction, and with accountable results. Apart from that, the differences in principles in the curriculum and its development are marked by the fact that the curriculum itself is a field of study. Examining the principles of curriculum development can help increase our understanding of how to design an effective curriculum and respond to changing times. By understanding these principles, policy makers developing curricula can provide relevant and meaningful learning experiences for students.

The Influence of Teacher Job Satisfaction, and Teacher Guidance on Student Achievement Through Class Discipline at UPT SPF of Public Middle Schools in Rappocini District, Makassar City

This study aims to determine the effect of Teacher Job Satisfaction and Teacher Guidance on Student Achievement and the effect of Teacher Job Satisfaction and Teacher Guidance on Student Achievement through Classroom Discipline at UPT SPF Public Middle Schools in Rappocini District, Makassar City This research approach uses quantitative research. The population is teachers at UPT SPF Public Middle Schools in the Rappocini sub-district of Makassar city consisting of UPT SPF SMP Negeri 21, UPT SPF- SMP Negeri 40 and UPT SPF SMP Negeri 13 UPT SPF SMP Negeri 33, UPT SPF- SMP Negeri 48 and UPT SPF SMP Negeri 49 Makassar with a population of 320 teachers. Sampling used purposive random sampling technique, namely each subject teacher was represented by 2 subject teachers so that the number of samples was 20 SMPN 21, 20 SMPN 40 students and 20 SMPN 13 students, 20 SMPN 33 students, 10 SMPN 48 students. 10 people and SMPN 49 with a total sample of 100 teachers. This research data collection method uses: Questionnaire and Observation and Data analysis method used in this research is Path Analysis. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of teacher job satisfaction (X1), teacher guidance (X2) and class discipline (Z) on student achievement (Y) at the UPT SPF of state junior high schools in Rappocini sub-district, Makassar city. There is an influence of Teacher Job Satisfaction (X1) Teacher Guidance (X2) and Class Discipline (Z) simultaneously on student achievement. There is no effect of Teacher Job Satisfaction (X1) on Student Learning Achievement (Y) Through Class Discipline (Z). There is no effect of Teacher Guidance (X2) on Student Achievement (Y) through Class Discipline (Z) at the UPT SPF of Public Middle Schools in Rappocini District, Makassar City.