Collaborative Knowledge Exchange Research Articles

Exploring regulatory flexibility to create novel incentives to optimize drug discovery.

Efforts by governments, firms, and patients to deliver pioneering drugs for critical health needs face a challenge of diminishing efficiency in developing those medicines. While multi-sectoral collaborations involving firms, researchers, patients, and policymakers are widely recognized as crucial for countering this decline, existing incentives to engage in drug development predominantly target drug manufacturers and thereby do little to stimulate collaborative innovation. In this mini review, we consider the unexplored potential within pharmaceutical regulations to create novel incentives to encourage a diverse set of actors from the public and private spheres to engage in the kind of collaborative knowledge exchange requisite for fostering enhanced innovation in early drug development.

Identifying knowledge evolution in computer science from the perspective of academic genealogy

Academic genealogy (AG) provides valuable insights into the transmission of knowledge from mentors to mentees, revealing the evolution of knowledge within the academic community. This study explores the intricate dynamics of knowledge evolution within academic genealogies, utilizing on a dataset comprising 16,852 computer science researchers, 613,277 papers, and 11,988 mentorship relationships. By focusing on small-scale knowledge units, our analysis aims to uncover patterns of knowledge inheritance and mutation across different subfields of computer science and highlights several aspects of knowledge evolution in computer science. Firstly, computer science is characterized by strong mentorship ties, indicating the significance of knowledge transmission within the field. Additionally, there is a mix of foundational and developing areas, suggesting a field that is growing and diversifying rather than declining, as indicated by linear regression outcomes. Secondly, our research reveals a surge in collaborative knowledge exchange in computer science since 2000, with fields such as Computer-Communication Networks and Software Engineering leading in terms of output and impact. Furthermore, areas like Computer Graphics and Artificial Intelligence stand out for their depth and novelty. Thirdly, we categorize researchers into three types: roots, branches, and leaves, reflecting their role in knowledge transmission. Branch researchers tend to innovate, while leaf researchers show a combination of traditional knowledge uptake and new contributions, illustrating the dynamic flow of ideas within the field. Future research endeavors are encouraged to embrace larger datasets and further fortify our understanding of the topic.

Understanding Collaborative Design Practice Through Self-Study

Designing online teacher professional development (oTPD) grounded in participatory practices is complex. An intense interdisciplinary collaboration of teacher educators, online learning experts, and instructional designers is needed. Achieving shared understanding is essential for successful collaboration, yet varied perspectives of interdisciplinary experts can cause tensions. Under the right conditions, conflict can be positive and productive. This study of collaborative design practice examined the process of aligning technology and pedagogy when designing participatory oTPD using the self-study methodology. Data analysis revealed relevant interrelationships and uncovered a consistent pattern related to purposeful use of technology. While self-study was an effective inquiry method and provided valuable insights into our practice, it also fostered an environment of trust and collaborative knowledge exchange necessary for successful joint problem solving, cognitive synchronization, and innovation in interdisciplinary design teams.

How Augmented Reality (AR) Can Help and Hinder Collaborative Learning: A Study of AR in Electromagnetism Education.

Learning physics is often difficult for students because concepts such as electricity, magnetism and sound, cannot be seen with the naked eye. Emerging technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR) can transform education by making challenging concepts visible and accessible to novices. We present a Hololens-based augmented reality system where collaborators learn about the invisible electromagnetism phenomena involved in audio speakers, and we measure the benefits of AR technology through quantitative and qualitative methods. Specifically, we measure learning (knowledge gains and transfer) and collaborative knowledge exchange behaviors. Our results indicate that, while AR generally provides a novelty effect, specific educational AR visualizations can be both beneficial and detrimental to learning they helped students to learn spatial content and structural relationships, but hindered their understanding of kinesthetic content. Furthermore, AR facilitated learning in collaborations by providing representational common ground, which improved communication and peer teaching. We discuss these effects, as well as identify factors that have positive impact (e.g., co-located representations, easier access to resources, better grounding) or negative impact (e.g., tunnel vision, overlooking kinesthetic feedback) on student collaborative learning with augmented reality applications.

The Drivers of Innovation at Universities: A Case of South African Universities

Purpose: The study is aimed to contribute to an understanding of the drivers of innovation that lead to practical solutions at South African Universities. Theoretical Framework: This article borrows from both Institutional Theory and organizational Theory’s perspectives on innovation. Those theories are crucial in exploring the views of employees and leaders on what they deemed to be drivers of innovation at their respective universities with the view to suggest a sustainable conceptual model for public universities’ innovativeness. Design/methodology/approach: A mixed method approach was adopted, entailing an online survey and semi-structured interviews, to explore innovation from both an employee's and senior leaders' perspective. The population for the study included employees from two Universities, and random sampling and purposive sampling were applied respectively, for the survey and semi-structured interviews. Survey data were analysed using SPSS and semi-structured interviews data were analysed using Nvivo 12. Results: Several drivers for innovation were found, including the need to respond to societal challenges, the drive for collaborative knowledge exchange, global rankings, individual employee drive, a nurturing environment, leadership, students, and government. Research, Practical & Social implications: Careful reflections must be entered into by all relevant internal and external stakeholders (see figure 1) so that Universities can define the scope of innovation they wish to pursue based on their resources and contexts since Universities differ. Originality/value: The original contribution to knowledge of this study lies in the suggested conceptual model for South African universities as they position themselves to innovatively address local and global socio-economic challenges.

What do we know about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on hospices? A collaborative multi-stakeholder knowledge synthesis.

Prior to undertaking a study looking at the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic upon lived experiences of hospice services in the West Midlands, we sought to identify the range of issues that hospice service users and providers faced between March 2020 and July 2021, and to provide a report that can be accessed and understood by all interested stakeholders. We undertook a collaborative multi-stakeholder approach for scoping the range of potential issues and synthesising knowledge. This involved a review of available literature; a focus group with hospice stakeholders; and a collaborative knowledge exchange panel. The literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospices remains limited, but it is developing a picture of a service that has had to rapidly adapt the way it provides care and support to its service users, during a period when it faced many fundamental challenges to established ways of providing these services. The impacts of many of the changes on hospices have not been fully assessed. It is also not known what the effects upon the quality of care and support are for those with life-limiting conditions and those that care for them. We found that the pandemic has presented a new normative and service context in which quality of care and life itself was valued that is, as yet, poorly understood.

Can Knowledge Exchange Forge a Collaborative Pathway to Policymaking? A Case Study Example of the Recognition Matters Project

Abstract Knowledge Exchange is considered a way that research might be operationalised beyond the academy, both within policy and practice. This article seeks to analyse knowledge exchange as a method of bringing field, research and policy together. It does so through the case study of a social work knowledge exchange project, ‘Recognition Matters’. This co-produced project brought together two separate research studies undertaken by the authors. These studies focused on different elements of child welfare and protection: pre-birth child protection and Family Group Conferencing, respectively. The research findings were creatively woven together with the retelling of a mother’s story of child protection proceedings, alongside the practice wisdom and experience of three social work practitioners. In this article, the authors firstly consider the conditions for collaborative knowledge exchange as a commitment to social justice. Using the case study described, the value of this approach as a mechanism for social work to engage in policymaking is then explored. It is argued that in the context of significant challenges to the realisation of social justice, collaborative knowledge exchange activities may represent a genuine avenue for transforming social policy and creating meaningful research impact.

The Exchange in StackExchange

StackExchange is a network of Question & Answer (Q&A) sites that support collaborative knowledge exchange on a variety of topics. Prior research found a significant imbalance between those who contribute content to Q&A sites (predominantly people from Western countries) and those who passively use the site (the so-called "lurkers"). One possible explanation for such participation differences between countries could be a mismatch between culturally related preferences of some users and the values ingrained in the design of the site. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a value-sensitive analysis of the design of the StackExchange site Stack Overflow and contrasted our findings with those of participants from societies with varying cultural backgrounds using a series of focus groups and interviews. Our results reveal tensions between collectivist values, such as the openness for social interactions, and the performance-oriented, individualist values embedded in Stack Overflow's design and community guidelines. This finding confirms that socio-technical sites like Stack Overflow reflect the inherent values of their designers, knowledge that can be leveraged to foster participation equity.

Interprofessional drug safety: enhancing collaborative knowledge exchange.

Interprofessional drug safety: enhancing collaborative knowledge exchange.

A Semantic Multi-Agent system to Exchange Information between Hospitals

The amount of information in hospitals and the medical field is consistently increasing. Traditional information retrieval systems in hospitals are lacking, and the medical industry has been slow to adopt technology because it requires accurate and effective information. In order to achieve a solution, Statistics and Collaborative Knowledge Exchange (SCKE) is a multi-agent system that allows the retrieval and exchange of information between hospitals. The proposed system uses semantic search techniques to provide results that are more accurate. We examined the system accuracy, and the experiment results show a high accuracy rate, regardless of the number of queries.

Managing Climate Policy Information Facilitating Knowledge Transfer to Policy Makers

In the challenging context of intense negotiations and radical developments in the field of climate policy, informing stakeholders about opportunities and pathways and about scientific insights and warnings is important to help create positive dynamics. Policy makers need digestible information to design good policies, and understand their options and the possible impacts of these options. They need access to well-structured knowledge, as well as appropriate techniques to manage information and data. However, available information is often difficult to access, not in the right format and of limited use to stakeholders. The range of knowledge needs identified has to be effectively addressed by providing interested parties with suitable, to-the-point information, covering the identified gaps. This is the main aim of this article that proposes the design and development of a climate policy database, which contains all the resources that can cover the identified knowledge gaps. The resources are derived from a broad range of existing reports, research and climate policy decisions at different levels. The goal is to render climate policy associated stakeholders able to extract key policy conclusions. The added value of this database was verified by users and stakeholders that generally argued that the climate policy database facilitates solid understanding of climate policy implications and fosters collaborative knowledge exchange in the field.

The practice of cultural ecology: network connectivity in the creative economy

ABSTRACTThis paper reflects on approaches to collaborative knowledge exchange projects between UK universities and the creative economy. It develops a preliminary account of cultural ecology as a systematic approach to producing impact in the creative economy. It argues that such an approach is a powerful way to aggregate micro-businesses and small and medium sized enterprises in a meaningful network of new relationships. The paper uses social network analysis software to begin to visualise the pattern of relationships that constitute the ecosystem. The paper reports on the work of the Research and Enterprise for Arts and Creative Technologies Hub, one of four Knowledge Exchange Hubs for the Creative Economy established by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.

New Technologies and Teaching Comparative Literature

In her article New Technologies and Teaching Comparative Literature Graciela Boruszko discusses the use of new technologies in literary studies curricula. Innovative processes are becoming fundamental components of our educational systems as students challenge faculty to immerse themselves in their rapidly changing world. Learning in the twenty-first century is assisted by various information technologies because the networked information economy made possible by the Internet allows students to access a rich array of online resources including community based and collaborative knowledge exchange systems. Current students are natives grown up using a variety of digital platforms. Students multitask and process information quickly and therefore demand more from the learning processes proposed to them. Rather than consuming information, students form their own information networks and participate in learning communities. The discipline of comparative literature relies on the interaction of ideas and concepts which evolve from an initial core of seemingly disconnected literary works. Technology is an important facilitator of those connections, enabling deeper thought to be given to the comparative process that follows the initial challenge of understanding how connections are formed or what a particular constellation of connections represents

Underpinning reflective practice in social care and housing provision through collaborative knowledge exchange

Since 1988 Scotland has had a policy of providing care in the community for people with disability, through social housing. A number of specialised housing and social care providers are active in this area. In response to an emerging anecdotal understanding of how changes made in the built environment of housing had impacted on the quality of life of service users and care provision, one such provider in Scotland entered a collaborative knowledge exchange process with academic institutions, aiming to better understand the nature of this impact. Through a government and research council supported Kowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) this collaboration verified the anecdotal experience of service staff across a structured sample of housing locations and types provided by the housing association, and reviewed this in the light of existing published knowledge. The outcome confirmed the experiential learning of the housing and service provider and has permitted knowledge exchange between academia and the housing provider. This paper describes the process of close collaboration that was established to enable this knowledge exchange. The KTP process underpinned a new approach to continuing reflective practice within the housing association, and provided this with a robust evidence base for marketing and policy activity, reinforcing its ongoing re-structuring in a changing policy and funding context for the housing and care service providers. In addition, it synthesises the findings from the research, benchmarked by the wider literature.

Improving care and wellness in bipolar disorder: origins, evolution and future directions of a collaborative knowledge exchange network

The Collaborative RESearch team to study psychosocial factors in bipolar disorder (CREST.BD) is a multidisciplinary, cross-sectoral network dedicated to both fundamental research and knowledge exchange on bipolar disorder (BD). The core mission of the network is to advance the science and understanding of psychological and social issues associated with BD, improve the care and wellness of people living with BD, and strengthen services and supports for these individuals. CREST.BD bridges traditional and newer research approaches, particularly embracing community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods. Membership of CREST is broad, including academic researchers, people with BD, their family members and supports, and a variety of health care providers. Here, we describe the origins, evolution, approach to planning and evaluation and future vision for our network within the landscape of CBPR and integrated knowledge translation (KT), and explore the keys and challenges to success we have encountered working within this framework.

A Case-Classification-Conclusion 3Cs Approach to Knowledge Acquisition

In this paper, we postulate that the problem solving process in many domains involves identifying the class of problem on hand, identifying an appropriate solution, and recognising opportunities for its reuse. We suggest a solution that builds up knowledge of a given domain by recording observations, diagnoses and actions in a “3Cs form” of Cases, Classifications, and Conclusions. Our solution allows knowledge workers in any domain where heuristics are relied on to form classifications, and then apply generalised conclusions on the basis of the given classification, to collaboratively refine and expand a topic by consistently asking users to confirm, add to, or refine the presented knowledge in the context of the current case being classified. Our solution is presented in the context of the corporate call centre and is a significant extension of the Multiple Classification Ripple Down Rules algorithm. We present a 3Cs Logic Wiki that takes the best features of current collaborative knowledge exchange mechanisms, and captures a logic structure on top of that which provides for rapid indexing of acquired knowledge.