Coleus Blumei Benth Research Articles

REVIEW SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DAN KONSTITUEN KIMIA DARI TANAMAN COLEUS SEBAGAI KANDIDAT OBAT (REVIEW OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM COLEUS PLANTS AS DRUG CANDIDATES)

Miana plants (Coleus) are plants with compound interest types. Miana leaves have various bioactive compounds and are widely used to treat various diseases such as fever, colds, coughs, headaches, asthma, constipation, and skin diseases. There are several types of miana plants, such as Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth., Coleus aromaticus Benth., Coleus atropurpureus (L.) Benth. and Coleus blumei benth. This review aims to review the content of bioactive compounds and chemical constituents of the plant and its potential as a drug candidate. The method applied to the review articles is in the form of literature studies from national and international journals. Based on the data used, the n-hexane extract of miana leaves found 11 chemical compounds. Then based on the phytochemical screening of miana plants, several bioactive compounds were produced such as sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, amino acids, glycosides, lactones, catechols, and tannins. The function of the Coleus aromaticus plant is as an antioxidant, antiepileptic, antiurolytic, anticancer, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antiviral, antiprotozoal activity, the inhibitory activity of microorganisms, against digestive diseases, respiratory disorders, and against cardiovascular disorders

The Correlation between Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Hydroxide Nanoparticle in Supports Photocatalytic Performance

- Green synthesized Zn(OH)2 mediated by Coleus blumei Benth leaf for pH: 4, 7, 10 and for calcination temperature: 400 °C, 450 °C, 500 °C, 550 °C, and 600 °C have been characterized by using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (Uv–Vis), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The bonding formation present Zn– O –H, H– O –H, O –H, and Zn–O indicated Zn(OH)2 nanocrystal successfully synthesized. The optical, dielectric properties, and energy loss function were quantitatively determined from the FTIR spectra by using Kramers-Kronig (KK) dispersion relation. The distance between longitudinal (LO) and transverse (TO) optical phonon vibration mode Δ (LO-TO) and the bandgap increases with increasing the calcination temperature for all pH due to the amount of covalent bond is increase. The best calcination temperature is 600 °C and pH 7 indicated by the rate of the degradation performance is faster than the other temperature and pH. In this study shows FTIR spectra effective ways for determining the optical and dielectric properties, optical phonon vibration mode, and energy loss function of Zn(OH)2 material. • The Zn-O-H, H-O-H, O-H, and Zn-O bonding indicated formed of Zn(OH) 2 nanocrystal. • The n and k , ε 1 and ε 2 (ω), Im ( - 1 / ε 1 ( ω ) ) determined from FTIR spectra by applying K-K relation. • Distance optical phonon vibration (D(LO-TO)) is increases with increasing the calcination temperature for all pH. • The band gap increase with increasing the calcination temperature. • The best calcination temperature for photocatalyst is 600 o C.

The effects of simulated vibration stress on plant height and some physical and mechanical properties of Coleus blumei Benth.

Non-chemical control of plant growth is an important goal for the production of ornamental pot plants. In the present study the effects of simulated vibration on plant height and some physical and mechanical properties of Coleus stem were investigated. The study was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Vibration stresses were performed using a laboratory vibration simulator and the effects of vibration parameters such as frequency and duration on the stem characteristics of Coleus plants were examined. Vibration frequency included three levels of 7.5, 10 and 12.5 Hz and vibration duration included three levels of 0 (control), 5 and 10 min. Based on the obtained results, vibration stress caused significant decrease in the height and surface area of the stems. Vibration frequency of 12.5 Hz with 10 min duration caused 31% decrease in plant height in comparing to the control samples. Mechanical properties of stems including modulus of elasticity, bending force, and bending stress were reduced by increasing vibration frequency and duration when compared to the control samples. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that vibration stress on Coleus decreased plant height while increased the elasticity and resistance to the fracture caused by mechanical forces of the stem.

Anti-MRSA activity of abietane diterpenes from Coleus blumei Benth.

Two heretofore uncharacterised abietane diterpenes, sincoetsin C (1) and 3-hydroxyspirocoleon 7-O-β-D-glucoside (4), were isolated from a methanolic extract of Coleus blumei Benth. (Lamiaceae), along with the known compounds, scutellarioidone A (2) and spirocoleon 7-O-β-D-glucoside (3) using chromatographic techniques. Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance including HSQC, HMBC, COSY and NOESY experiments, mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and other spectroscopic methods (UV, IR). Their antibacterial activity against the reference strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus CCM 4750 (MRSA) was evaluated using optical absorption to obtain quantitative information on their growth. All isolated compounds displayed anti-MRSA 4750 activity at the concentration of 512 μg/mL. Sincoetsin C (1) was the abietane diterpene most active against MRSA 4750, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 128 μg/mL.

Study on Micropropagation of Coleus Blumei Benth. through Apical Meristem Culture

Study on Micropropagation of Coleus Blumei Benth. through Apical Meristem Culture

Plants Selection for Domestic Sewage Treatment in Jilin City

This experiment studied the removal efficiency of domestic sewage by testing 19 species of wetland plants along the Songhua River in Jilin City. It is shown that plants can purify domestic sewage, and the ability of removal efficiency is varied on different species. Rumex patientia var.callosus is the best in removal efficiency of TN(29.14%);Coleus blumei Benth. could effectively reduce output of TP and COD,the best removal efficiencies for TP is 58.04%, COD is 95.18%; Oenanthe javanica(Blume) DC. has better efficiency to increase DO in´sewage, and the maximum increase is 262.22%;Rumex.patientia var.callosus,Alisma orientale(Sam.)Juz.,Oenanthe javanica(Blume) DC.,Erigeron annuus (L. ) Pers. may be used as plants for the construction of sewage treatment landscape, because these plants have better comprehensive capacity for domestic sewage treatment.
 Water pollution has become a general and worldwide problem today. The application of wetland plants for waste water treatment features low cost,easiness to manage, high efficiency and etc.(Han Xiaoyuan etc.,2005;Li linfeng etc.,2006;Zhang Honggang,Hong Jianming,2006).Wetland plants can not only absorb nitrogen and phosphorus directly but also remove the heavy metals and organics in the waste water. (Xu Weiwei etc.,2005;Cheng Wei etc.,2005;C.C.Tanner,2001;Tang Shirong,2006;SAMAKEMoussa,2003;L.K.Mitchell,A.D Karathanasis,1995).According to current research reports,Phragmitas communis Trin, Juncus effuses Linn, Rush, and Iris japonica Thunb, Buttery Swordflag can efficiently remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the sewage (Deng Futang etc.,2005;Yuan Donghai etc.,2004;A. Fey,G. Benckiser,J.C.G. Ottow,1999).The constructed wetlands consisting of varied plants,such as Phragmitas communis Trin,Canna indica Linn. or Acorus gramineus Soland,Grassleaved Sweetflag,are effective in eliminating chemical oxygen demand(“COD”) in the waste water(Zhao Jiangang etc.,2006;Zhong Yushu etc.,2006;Yuan Donghai etc.,2004).Therefore wetlands can be used to reduce water pollution(Weng Meiya etc.,2005;Liu Zilian etc.,2005;Robert M. Seams,1995).So far most current studies have been developed in the South China with few in the Northeast area of China. 19 kinds of wetland plants growing along the Songhua River is selected in Jinlin City. We analyze and decide which plants are suitable for plant landscape application due to their better urban sewage treatment functions.

Ameliorating effects of three kinds of antioxidants to ozone-polluted painted nettle (Coleus blumei Benth.)

Ground concentration of ozone (O3) causes serious threat to plants. In order to protect sensitive plants from O3 pollution, many kinds of antioxidants were assessed in previous studies. In this study, effects of O3 fumigation (a single spike of 120 ± 20 nmol mol–1 for four hours) on an ornamental species (Coleus blumei) was examined in open-top chambers. Before the O3 treatment, plants were sprayed respectively either with a solution of three different antioxidants [Na-ascorbate (NaAsA), kinetin (KIN), and spermidine (Spd)] or with distilled water to compare their protective effects to plants. Our results revealed that O3 fumigation impaired the plasma membrane, decreased chlorophyll (Chl) content, inhibited photosynthesis, induced photoinhibition and photodamage, and caused visible injury. Spraying with KIN, NaAsA or Spd ameliorated the decrease of the Chl content and photosynthetic capability, the impairment of membrane, and visible injury under O3 fumigation. The plants treated with KIN showed the best ability to mitigate the injury caused by O3.

The cellular protective effects of rosmarinic acid: from bench to bedside.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is one of the most common household herbs, used as spices in a variety of foods, and employed in traditional medicine for its healing properties. Rosemary is a rich source of active antioxidant constituents such as phenolic diterpenes, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid are the most important bioactive constituents. Rosmarinic acid is the ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid and is widely identified in different plant species. Chemical structure of rosmarinic acid contains two phenolic rings: one of them is derived from phenylalanine via caffeic acid and the other from tyrosine via dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acid. Its large-scale production is obtained from plant cell cultures of Coleus blumei Benth. It is easily absorbed through gastrointestinal tract as well as the skin. Rosmarinic acid is one of the most important and well known natural antioxidant compounds, which possesses neuroprotective effects in different models of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, as well as chemicalinduced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress. Therefore, in present review, we aim to discuss about chemistry, sources, biotechnological production and neuroprotective actions of rosmarinic acid with emphasis on its possible molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection.

Changes in the spectral pattern of selenium accumulation in Coleus blumei and the effects of chelation.

Chemically enhanced phytoremediation has been proposed as an effective approach to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil through the use of high biomass production plants. This study investigated changes in the spectral pattern of selenium (Se) accumulation in Coleus blumei Benth. (coleus) plants grown in hydroponics with 1.0mg/l sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and the effects of (S,S)-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) thereon through X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses. When EDDS concentrations were in the range of 0-1.0mmol/l, Se content increased significantly; however, at EDDS concentrations above this range, the symptoms of Se toxicity were alleviated in coleus leaves. Application of EDDS over 1.0mmol/l significantly decreased total Se uptake in the leaves and roots of the plants. The powder diffraction patterns of the roots and leaves displayed sharp crystalline peaks, which were characteristic of an organic molecule with crystallinity. Our results revealed the presence of high amounts of C, O, Mg, Al, Si, K and Ca in the roots and leaves under Se-induced stress with different concentrations of EDDS. There were no changes in the chemical compositions of the roots and leaves, but the contents were influenced by Se-induced stress and EDDS treatment. This study demonstrated the importance of applying XRD, EDXS and FTIR methods toward a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of EDDS-induced Se accumulation in plants.

Crystallization and structural analysis of 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase from Ketogulonicigenium vulgare

L-2-Hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (HDH) from Ketogulonicigenium vulgare Y25 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The protein was purified and crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method with polyethylene glycol 3350 as precipitant. The crystal structure of HDH was determined at 1.64Å resolution using the molecular replacement method with the crystal structure of hydroxyl (phenyl) pyruvate reductase from Coleus blumei Benth as the search model. The overall structure of HDH was similar to that of hydroxyl(phenyl)pyruvate reductase, consisting of two compact domains separated by a deep active cleft. The most significant structural divergence is located around the pocket gate comprising residues A210, T211 and R212, which is located on top of the catalytic triad.

Selenium Treatment Mitigates the Effect of Lead Exposure in Coleus Blumei Benth

We examined the effects of selenium (Se) on coleus (Coleus blumei Benth.) under lead (Pb) stress, to determine possible mitigating mechanisms of Se. Coleus plants were exposed to 1.0 mM Pb(NO3)2 and varying concentrations of Na2SeO3 for 21 d. Application of 1.0 mM Se enhanced biomass allocation and Pb distribution in different organs, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the roots, and acted as an antioxidant by inhibiting lipid peroxidation via increasing glutathione levels. Root catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities increased with Se concentration, and changes to root and leaf particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Our results indicate Pb is tolerated by coleus plants through allocation plasticity, activation of antioxidant systems, and improvements in particle size and mineralogical effects. C. blumei can be useful in phytoremediation of aquatic systems contaminated with Pb, especially with addition of low concentrations of Se.

Distinct substrate specificities and unusual substrate flexibilities of two hydroxycinnamoyltransferases, rosmarinic acid synthase and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl-transferase, from Coleus blumei Benth.

cDNAs and genes encoding a hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyphenyllactate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (CbRAS; rosmarinic acid synthase) and a hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (CbHST) were isolated from Coleus blumei Benth. (syn. Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd; Lamiaceae). The proteins were expressed in E. coli and the substrate specificity of both enzymes was tested. CbRAS accepted several CoA-activated phenylpropenoic acids as donor substrates and D-(hydroxy)phenyllactates as acceptors resulting in ester formation while shikimate and quinate were not accepted. Unexpectedly, amino acids (D-phenylalanine, D-tyrosine, D-DOPA) also yielded products, showing that RAS can putatively catalyze amide formation. CbHST was able to transfer cinnamic, 4-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic as well as sinapic acid from CoA to shikimate but not to quinate or acceptor substrates utilized by CbRAS. In addition, 3-hydroxyanthranilate, 3-hydroxybenzoate and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate were used as acceptor substrates. The reaction product with 3-aminobenzoate putatively is an amide. For both enzymes, structural requirements for donor and acceptor substrates were deduced. The acceptance of unusual acceptor substrates by CbRAS and CbHST resulted in the formation of novel compounds. The rather relaxed substrate as well as reaction specificity of both hydroxycinnamoyltransferases opens up possibilities for the evolution of novel enzymes forming novel secondary metabolites in plants and for the in vitro formation of new compounds with putatively interesting biological activities.

Light absorption by isolated chloroplasts and leaves: effects of scattering and 'packing'.

Light absorption was quantified in the following systems: isolated chloroplasts and leaves of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.), a mutant of geranium (Pelargonium zonale L.) widely differing in pigment content, and coleus (Coleus blumei Benth.) at different stages of leaf ontogenesis. For these species and pea (Pisum sativum L.), scattering-compensated absorption spectra of chloroplast suspensions are presented. Comparison of leaf and chloroplast spectra showed considerable changes in the extent of the 'package' effect and the lengthening of the effective optical path in a leaf. The difference between leaf and isolated chloroplast absorption could be quantitatively described by adapting Duysens's treatment of flattening. It was found that the accumulation of chlorophyll in leaves is accompanied by a monotonous enhancement of the package effect. The results are discussed with special reference to the role of light scattering in leaf optics, light utilization in photosynthesis and wavelength-dependent light gradients in a leaf.

Taxonomical Studies Of Selected Ornamental Plants

The neglect of ornamental horticulture by researchers in Nigeria is now more evident than ever. This might be attributed partly to general lack of interest in ornamental studies and also partly due to plant identification problem. This work is therefore aimed at the collection, identification, description and propagation of eight ornamental plants of Nigeria [Caladium bicolour Wightii, Chrysothemis pulchella (Donn ex Sims) Decne., Coleus blumei Benth, Episcia cupreata (Hook) Hanst, Impatiens balsamina L., Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Hamet and Perr ‘Marginata\', Pellaea rotundifolia (G. Forst) Hook and Rhoeo spathacea (discolor) Hance]. The plants were collected in Osun-State, Nigeria and identified using standard horticultural literatures and herbarium specimens of the Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The plants were raised in triplicates at the screen house. Data were collected on growth parameters. Morphological observations showed that the plants were herbaceous and annuals with simple leaf habit. There were variations in the shapes of their apex, base, margin, calyx and petal. The number of their calyx, petal and the leaf arrangement also differ. Reticulate venation was common to them with the exception of C.bicolor and R. spathacea with parallel venation. They possess actinomorphic flowers except I. balsamina with zygomorphic flowers. Almost all the plants studied are propagated by stem cuttings with the exception of I. balsamina, P. rotundifolia and R. spathacea. Their maturity periods range from 25-150 days. The need for awareness of the importance of ornamental plants for their values was discussed. IFE Journal of Science Vol. 9 (2) 2007 pp. 167-172

Micropropagation of Coleus blumei from nodal segments and shoot tips

A rapid and highly-effective method for micropropagation from nodal segment and shoot tip explants was established for Coleus blumei Benth. Nodal segments and shoot tips were inoculated on MS medium containing 0.7 % agar, 3 % commercial sugar, and different combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Hundred percent shoot induction from both explants was achieved on the medium containing BA (2 mg dm−3) and NAA (1 mg dm−3). Shoot tips were proved to be the better explant in comparison to nodal segments in having high rate of shoot induction and more number of shoots. The same media conditions were found suitable for shoot multiplication. Multiplied shoots rooted best on MS medium supplemented with IBA (2 mg dm−3). Micropropagated plants were successfully established in soil after hardening, with 100 % survival rate.

Rosmarinic acid synthase is a new member of the superfamily of BAHD acyltransferases

Purification of rosmarinic acid synthase (hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyphenyllactate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase) from suspension cells of Coleus blumei Benth. (Lamiaceae) by fractionated ammonium sulphate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and two affinity chromatography steps led to the identification of peptide sequences, which enabled a PCR-based approach to isolate the full-length cDNA encoding this enzyme. The open reading frame of the cDNA had a length of 1290 base pairs encoding a protein of 430 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 47,932 Da with typical characteristics of an acyltransferase of the BAHD superfamily. The cDNA was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme displayed the activity of rosmarinic acid synthase using 4-coumaroyl- and caffeoyl-coenzyme A and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate as well as 3.4-dihydroxyphenyllactate as substrates. Shikimic acid and quinic acid were not able to serve as hydroxycinnamoyl acceptors. This therefore is the first report of the cDNA-cloning of a rosmarinic acid synthase.

Loss of quantum yield in extremely low light.

It has generally been assumed that the photosynthetic quantum yield of all C3 plants is essentially the same for all unstressed leaves at the same temperature and CO2 and O2 concentrations. However, some recent work by H.C. Timm et al. (2002, Trees 16:47-62) has shown that quantum yield can be reduced for some time after leaves have been exposed to darkness. To investigate under what light conditions quantum yield can be reduced, we carried out a number of experiments on leaves of a partial-shade (unlit greenhouse)-grown Coleus blumei Benth. hybrid. We found that after leaves had been exposed to complete darkness, quantum yield was reduced by about 60%. Only very low light levels were needed for quantum yield to be fully restored, with 5 micromol quanta m(-2) s(-1) being sufficient for 85% of the quantum yield of fully induced leaves to be achieved. Leaves regained higher quantum yields upon exposure to higher light levels with an estimated time constant of 130 s. It was concluded that the loss of quantum yield would be quantitatively important only for leaves growing in very dense understoreys where maximum light levels might not exceed 5 micromol quanta m(-2) s(-1) even in the middle of the day. Most leaves, even in understorey conditions, do, however, experience light levels in excess of 5 micromol quanta m(-2) s(-1) over periods where they obtain most of their carbon so that the loss of quantum yield would affect total carbon gain of those leaves only marginally.

Changes in membrane lipid and free fatty acid composition during low temperature preconditioning against SO 2 injury in coleus

The effects of a low temperature (13 °C) treatment known to provide protection against sulphur dioxide (SO 2) injury were assessed on leaf lipid composition in two cultivars of Coleus blumei Benth, found previously to differ in sensitivity to SO 2 and other environmental stresses. After 5 days growth at 13 °C, there were significant differences in membrane lipid fatty acid composition as well as in free fatty acid (FFA) levels between SO 2-sensitive ‘Buckley Supreme’ (‘BS’) and SO 2-insensitive ‘Marty’ (‘M’). Molecular species of chloroplast galactolipids in ‘M’ contained increased levels of linolenic acid (18:3). In the leaf FFA pools, the saturated components, palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acids, were predominant at 20 °C. After temperature hardening at 13 °C, the total amount of FFAs decreased in ‘M’ but increased in ‘BS.’ These modifications in lipid composition suggest an additional mechanism for cultivar differences in tolerance to SO 2 and other stressors in coleus.

Water Deficit Effects on Raffinose Family Oligosaccharide Metabolism in Coleus.

Variegated coleus (Coleus blumei Benth.) plants were exposed to a restricted water supply for 21 d. The relative water content in leaf tissues was reduced from 80% (control) to 60% (drought-stressed). Under drought conditions, the stomatal conductance and leaf photosynthetic rate were reduced. In green leaf tissues, drought stress also greatly decreased the diurnal light-period levels of the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) stachyose and raffinose, as well as those of other non-structural carbohydrates (galactinol, sucrose, hexoses, and starch). However, drought had little effect on soluble carbohydrate content of white, non-photosynthetic leaf tissues. In green tissues, galactinol synthase activity was depressed by drought stress. An accumulation of O-methyl-inositol was also observed, which is consistent with the induction of myoinositol-6-O-methyltransferase activity seen in the stressed green tissues. In source tissues, RFO metabolism is apparently reduced by drought stress through a combined effect of decreased photosynthesis and reduced galactinol synthase activity. Moreover, a further reduction in RFO biosynthesis may have been due to a switch in carbon partitioning to O-methyl-inositol biosynthesis, creating competition for myoinositol, a metabolite shared by both biochemical pathways.

Non‐destructive optical detection of pigment changes during leaf senescence and fruit ripening

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near infra‐red range of the spectrum, acquired for maple (Acer platanoides L.), chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), coleus (Coleus blumei Benth.), leaves and lemon (Citrus limon L.) and apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits were studied. An increase of reflectance between 550 and 740 nm accompanied senescence‐induced degradation of chlorophyll (Chl), whereas in the range 400–500 nm it remained low, due to retention of carotenoids (Car). It was found that both leaf senescence and fruit ripening affect the difference between reflectance (R) near 670 and 500 nm (R678−R500), depending on pigment composition. The plant senescing reflectance index in the form (R678−R500)/R750 was found to be sensitive to the Car/Chl ratio, and was used as a quantitative measure of leaf senescence and fruit ripening. The changes in the index were followed during leaf senescence, and natural and ethylene‐induced fruit ripening. This novel index can be used for estimating the onset, the stage, relative rates and kinetics of senescence/ripening processes.