Plectranthus Amboinicus Research Articles

Molecular target identification of two Coleus amboinicus leaf isolates toward lung cancer using a bioinformatic approach and molecular docking-based assessment

Lung cancer raises a serious concern because of its position as the second global deathliest disease in both men and women. Conventional treatments emphasize chemotherapy and radiation or their combination, which is considered to be ineffective due to harmful side effects in patients. In this work, we did a bioinformatic investigation using the pharmacological network and molecular docking approaches to evaluate the potency of natural compounds isolated from the leaves of Coleus amboinicus, Lour, i.e., 16-hydroxy-7α-acetoxyroyleanone and 16-acetoxy- 7α-hydroxyroyleanone. The activity of both active compounds against lung cancer was predicted using disease databases and genes. A total of 77 core targets were identified from the analysis using STRING and built using Cytoscape. Gene ontology, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes, and genome analysis of cancer pathways targeting PGTS2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma were employed because of their critical functions in cancer therapy. The validated molecular docking analysis illustrates the possibility of interactions that occur between active compounds of target proteins in the treatment of lung cancer. This research has not yet been able to demonstrate its potential in the treatment of lung cancer, and further research is needed to prove it through in vitro and in vivo examinations before pre-clinical and clinical tests in the future.

Assessment of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Anti-biofilm Activity of Plectranthus Amboinicus Solvent Extract against Pure Strains of Putative Periodontal Pathogens: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Antiseptic agents used in periodontics as anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis agents are primarily chemical substances such as Bis-biguanide derivatives (chlorhexidine) or essential oils. Herbal derivatives have gained prominence in the recent past due to their activity against putative periodontal pathogens; however, only a few have achieved commercialisation. This study focusses on determining the efficacy of an extract from a widely available herb, Indian mintPlectranthus Amboinicus Methanolic extract (PAM), which has known anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties against periodontal pathogens in-vitro. Aim: To assess the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and anti-biofilm property of PAM solvent extract against pure strains of putative periodontal pathogens, namely Porphyromonas gingivalis (American Type Culture Collection-ATCC 33277), Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 25586), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 43718). Materials and Methods: The extract of PA was prepared using methanol and a Soxhlet extractor. An in-vitro analysis of the MIC and anti-biofilm efficacy of the extract was performed against standard strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum using the broth dilution method and microtitre-crystal violet assay, respectively. The MIC activity of the PAM extracts was compared with Chlorhexidine as a standard. Results: The MIC value of P. amboinicus extract was nearly similar to Chlorhexidine as assessed by the broth dilution method. The MIC of P. amboinicus extract for A.a and P.g was 0.4 ug/mL, F.n was 0.8 ug/mL, and the Chlorhexidine values against all three periodontal pathogens were 0.2 ug/mL. The anti-biofilm activity of The extract of PAMwas evaluated using the microtitrecrystal violet assay, and the Optical Density (OD) values were reduced after exposure to the extract, with a significant reduction (p<0.001) of the biofilm-forming bacteria observed. Conclusion: The methanol extract of PAM demonstrated a noteworthy MIC, exhibiting effectiveness at a low concentration of 0.4 μg/mL against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in three repeated trials. Moreover, this extract displayed significant inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation of periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Pg, Aa, Fn), suggesting its potential as an alternative to conventional chemical anti-microbials.

Avaliação de acaricidas sintéticos e do oléo essencial de Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng (Lamiaceae) para o controle de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

ABSTRACT Chemical acaricides are used as the primary method for controlling Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. However, the incorrect use of these compounds over the years has led to the emergence of resistant tick populations. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different combinations of synthetic acaricides and the essential oil of Plectranthus amboinicus on engorged females of R. (B.) microplus. Engorged females were obtained from infested bovines in dairy farms in the Agreste mesoregion of Pernambuco, Brazil. Five different combinations of commercial synthetic acaricides: I) Chlorpyrifos 30.0g + Cypermethrin 15.0g + Fenthion 15.0g; II) Chlorpyrifos 8.5g + Cypermethrin 15.0g + Ethion 16.0g; III) Deltamethrin 50.0g; IV) Amitraz 12.5g; V) Chlorpyrifos 15.0g + Cypermethrin 25.0g + Piperonyl butoxide 50.0g, and the 1% essential oil of P. amboinicus were used for the Adult Immersion Test. Only the combinations I and V of synthetic acaricides and essential oil showed efficacy over 95%. The findings of this study demonstrate that ticks’ resistant populations are present in the study area, and the essential oil of P. amboinicus is a promising compound for developing products used for tick control. Finally, it is paramount to implement educational activities to improve farmers' awareness of the rational use of acaricides.

Qualitative phytochemical evaluation of in-house prepared coleus aromaticus mother tincture as per homoeopathic pharmacopoeia of India (HPI) guidelines

Qualitative phytochemical evaluation of in-house prepared coleus aromaticus mother tincture as per homoeopathic pharmacopoeia of India (HPI) guidelines

Formulation & evaluation of herbal spray containing Coleus amboinicus Lour & Melia azedarach Linn for antibacterial and antifungal activities

Formulation & evaluation of herbal spray containing Coleus amboinicus Lour & Melia azedarach Linn for antibacterial and antifungal activities

Extract of Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour) Leaves Inhibits the Expression of PEPCK and G6Pase in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Extract of Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour) Leaves Inhibits the Expression of PEPCK and G6Pase in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Effect of Gel from Erythrina Subumbrans and Plectranthus Amboinicus Leaf Extracts as Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Male Balb/c Mice

Background: Various types of nutritious plants owned by Indonesia can be used as traditional medicine by the community because they are considered more economical and cause fewer side effects than chemical drugs. For example, the dadap plant (Erythrina subumbrans) and the cumin plant (Plectranthus amboinicus) which have potential as anti-inflammatory drugs. Dadap leaves contain active ingredients, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. Meanwhile, cumin leaves contain saponins, flavonoids, polyvenols, and essential oils. Flavonoids work by inhibiting the action of COX-2 which causes inflammation. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the extract gel of dadap leaves and cumin leaves as anti-inflammatory in male Balb/c mice. Methods: The research was carried out through the stages of making extracts, making gel formulas, and induction of inflammation in male mice by use caragens. The data analysis method used was the ANOVA test which was obtained by observing the tumor, calor, rubor, and dolor of male mice. Conclusion: Dadap leaves and cumin leaves can be used as anti-inflammatory gels on the extremities. The three gel formulations of dadap leaves and cumin leaves can relieve inflammation. Results: From the test on mice, the most effective gel formulation was the formulation of 7.5% dadap leaf extract and 17.5% cumin leaf extract.

Effect of Gel from Erythrina Subumbrans and Plectranthus Amboinicus Leaf Extracts as Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Male Balb/c Mice

Background: Various types of nutritious plants owned by Indonesia can be used as traditional medicine by the community because they are considered more economical and cause fewer side effects than chemical drugs. For example, the dadap plant (Erythrina subumbrans) and the cumin plant (Plectranthus amboinicus) which have potential as anti-inflammatory drugs. Dadap leaves contain active ingredients, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. Meanwhile, cumin leaves contain saponins, flavonoids, polyvenols, and essential oils. Flavonoids work by inhibiting the action of COX-2 which causes inflammation. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the extract gel of dadap leaves and cumin leaves as anti-inflammatory in male Balb/c mice. Methods: The research was carried out through the stages of making extracts, making gel formulas, and induction of inflammation in male mice by use caragens. The data analysis method used was the ANOVA test which was obtained by observing the tumor, calor, rubor, and dolor of male mice. Conclusion: Dadap leaves and cumin leaves can be used as anti-inflammatory gels on the extremities. The three gel formulations of dadap leaves and cumin leaves can relieve inflammation. Results: From the test on mice, the most effective gel formulation was the formulation of 7.5% dadap leaf extract and 17.5% cumin leaf extract.

Uric acid–reducing efficacy of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng in mice with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia

Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng is a type of Lamiaceae perennial herb that is widely used in folk treatments for respiratory and skin diseases. Notably, research on the hypouricemic effect of P. amboinicus is limited. This study investigated the uric acid–reducing efficacy of P. amboinicus in mice with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia by performing an in vitro xanthine-oxidase-inhibition-activity-guided test of P. amboinicus extract (PAE) and its fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of PAE exhibited optimal efficacy in terms of the phenolic content, DPPH scavenging activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibition. We further demonstrated the uric acid–reducing activity of EAF in a mouse model of potassium bromate–induced hyperuricemia. The results can serve as a useful preclinical reference for researching the gout prevention effects of functional foods.
 Keywords: Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, hyperuricemia, uric acid–reducing activity

Green synthesis of gelatin-loaded magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite biomaterial using Coleus amboinicus leaf extract for enhanced antibacterial, antioxidant, anticholinergic, and wound healing activities

Green synthesis of gelatin-loaded magnesium hydroxide nanocomposite biomaterial using Coleus amboinicus leaf extract for enhanced antibacterial, antioxidant, anticholinergic, and wound healing activities

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Plectranthus amboinicus Collected in Dak Lak, Vietnam

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Plectranthus amboinicus Collected in Dak Lak, Vietnam

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of a herbal mixture

Due to adverse effects of using allopathic medicines, the use and search for pharmaceuticals made from plants has increased recently. A mixture of herbal extracts known as “Chukku Kashaya” is widely used as home remedy in Kerala for respiratory disorders. Additionally, it relieves cold and fever symptoms. The present investigation focused on evaluating the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts obtained by soxhlet extraction of leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Plectranthus amboinicus and fruits of Piper nigrum and rhizome of Zingiber officinalae and their combination in equal ratios and their activity was determined using agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), Klebsiella pneumoniae (gram negative), and Pseudomonas aeruginosae (gram negative). Streptomycin was used as positive control. Zingiber officinalae showed maximum zone of inhibition against all the bacteria and herbal mixture showed moderate zone of inhibition. The mixture was more active than Ocimum tenuiflorum , Piper nigrum and Plectranthus amboinicus. Staphylococcus aureus was shown to be the most sensitive to all the extracts and herbal mixtures, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the least activity. Though Z.officinalae has higher antimicrobial activity, there is limited literature support to prove its activity against fever, cold and other symptoms of respiratory tract infections. Z.officinalae is mainly used for GI related disorders. This herbal blend is more efficient because it includes of O.tenuiflorum : having antipyretic, analgesic and voice improving activity ; P.amboinicus: providing relief from cough, asthma, bronchitis and other symptoms of respiratory tract infections; P. nigrum which can improve appetite and digestion .

Development of Fe (Iii) Sensor System Using Carbon Nanodots Derived From <i>Plectranthus amboinicus</i>

Carbon Dots (CDs) are a course of carbon nanomaterials just under 10 nm in dimension endowed with signature optical and electronic properties finding applications in sensors, photocatalysis, biomedical as well as optoelectronics. Single stroke hydrothermal synthesis method seems to have been adopted as the generation of nanocarbon dots from the Indian medicinal plant, Plectranthus amboinicus. Advanced characterisation methods such as UV- Visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and HR TEM study have been adopted to confirm the structure of carbon nanoparticles. The dependence on the excitation of photoluminescence emission behaviour of CDs have been confirmed using PL spectroscopy. The reaction between the many metal ions with the photoluminescence of CDs are studied and found a striking interaction with Fe (III) ions. The equation from Stern-Volmer is used to study the mechanism of extinction involved in the sensing action of carbon dots and the threshold for recognition is found to be 0.30 μM. The existence of surface functional groups leading to the complexation with Fe (III) ions can primarily be the reason for the observed sensing application. The design and development of eco-friendly sensor systems for Iron metal which is also considered as an essential mineral for human health for its application in biomedical and environmental applications is discussed in this paper.

In silico and In vitro Tests of Phytocompounds Extracted from Leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng as Biopesticides Against Enzymes, Proteins and Selected Cell Lines of the Coleoptera Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr., 1775)

The majority of synthetic pesticides have negative consequences on both the environment and human health, making insect pest management a global economic and ecological disaster. Crude extracts of phytocompounds from Plectranthus amboinicus were tested for their pesticidal effects on a certain enzyme cell line. An in silico molecular docking analysis of phytocompounds showed that the enzymes Glutathione S-Transferase (7RKA), Mytocontrial (5H3F), Acetylcholinesterase (7QAK), GABA receptor (7WGT), and DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (6GO4) interacted strongly with the phytocompounds. Usnic acid showed higher in-silico biopesticidal activity against Callosobruchus maculatus when compared to reference pesticide Dichlorvos and Malathion. A silica gel column chromatographic technique with appropriate solvent extract has been used to isolate the highly active components of usnic acid. In vitro studies revealed that, after 96 hours, The Usnic acid mean observed mortality percentage is 49.6% (24hr), 64.8 (48hr), 74.8% (72hr) and 87.2% (96hr). causes the maximum toxicity of Callosobruchus maculatus compared to the reference pesticides Diclorvos (84.6% & LC50 value 6.65 mg/ml) and Malathion (92% & LC50 value 5.62 mg/ml). Usnic acid exhibits promise as a pesticidal agent when compared to the reference medications. Consequently, these specific chemicals might offer substitute therapies that augment the traditional applications of the plants that are being studied.

Transcriptional Profiling of the Effect of Coleus amboinicus L. Essential Oil against Salmonella Typhimurium Biofilm Formation.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cause infections primarily through foodborne transmission and remains a significant public health concern. The biofilm formation of this bacteria also contributes to their multidrug-resistant nature. Essential oils from medicinal plants are considered potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Therefore, this study assessed the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Coleus amboinicus essential oil (EO-CA) against S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028. Seventeen chemical compounds of EO-CA were identified, and carvacrol (38.26%) was found to be the main constituent. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EO-CA for S. Typhimurium planktonic growth was 1024 µg/mL while the minimum bactericidal concentration was 1024 µg/mL. EO-CA at sub-MIC (≥1/16× MIC) exhibited antibiofilm activity against the prebiofilm formation of S. Typhimurium at 24 h. Furthermore, EO-CA (≥1/4× MIC) inhibited postbiofilm formation at 24 and 48 h (p < 0.05). Transcriptional profiling revealed that the EO-CA-treated group at 1/2× MIC had 375 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 106 of which were upregulated and 269 were downregulated. Five significantly downregulated virulent DEGs responsible for motility (flhD, fljB, and fimD), curli fimbriae (csgD), and invasion (hilA) were screened via quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). This study suggests the potential of EO-CA as an effective antimicrobial agent for combating planktonic and biofilm formation of Salmonella.

Combined application of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles enhances growth characters, physiological attributes and essential oil production of Coleus aromatics Benth

Nanoparticles (NPs) have gained considerable interest among researchers in the field of plant biology, particularly in the agricultural sector. Among the numerous NPs, the individual application of silicon (Si) or titanium (Ti), in their oxide forms, had a positive influence on growth, physiochemical and yield attributes of plants. However, the synergetic application of both these NPs has not been studied yet. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the effect of combined application of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs on the growth characters, physiological parameters, and essential oil quality and production of Coleus aromatics Benth. Aqueous solutions of nanoparticles were applied to the foliage of the plants at varying combinations (Si50+Ti50, Si100+Ti50, Si100+Ti100, Si200+Ti100, Si100+Ti200 and Si200+Ti200 mg L−1). Various morpho-physiological, biochemical and yield attributes were assessed at 120 days after planting. The results demonstrated that both Si and Ti NPs improved the growth and photosynthetic efficiency in a dose dependent manner. The best results were obtained by the combined application of Si100+Ti100 mg L−1, and thereafter, the values declined progressively. The maximum improvement in fresh weight (39.5 %) and dry weight (40.8 %) of shoot, fresh weight (45.7 %) and dry weight (49.4 %) of root was observed as compared to respective controls. Moreover, the exogenous application of Si100+Ti100 mg L−1 increased photosynthetic attributes such as total content of chlorophyll (41.7 %), carotenoids (43.7 %), chlorophyll fluorescence (7.1 %), and carbonic anhydrase (23.8 %). All of these contributed to the highest accumulation in the content (129.0 %) and yield (215.5 %) of essential oil (EO), in comparison to the control. Thus, results encouraged the use of SiO2 and TiO2 NPs to be applied in combined form to boost the essential oil production of Coleus aromaticus. The findings of this study may serve agronomists to determine the optimal concentrations of NPs for enhanced production of bioactive compounds with a wide range of industrial applications.

Anti-bacterial and in silico analysis of biogenic fabrication of CuO nanoparticles employing Coleus amboinicus leaf extract

Anti-bacterial and in silico analysis of biogenic fabrication of CuO nanoparticles employing Coleus amboinicus leaf extract

Insights into the antimicrobial efficacy of Coleus aromaticus essential oil against food-borne microbes: Biochemical and molecular simulation approaches

The study reported the antimicrobial efficacy of chemically characterized Coleus aromaticus essential oil (CEO) against food-borne bacteria, molds (Aspergillus flavus), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and explored its mechanism of action using biochemical and molecular simulation approaches. The chemical profile of CEO was explored by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, which revealed thymol (46.0%) as the major compound. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of CEO for bacterial species Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus cereus, and Shigella flexneri was found to be 0.9 μl/ml, 0.7 μl/ml, 0.16 μl/ml, and 0.12 μl/ml respectively. The MIC value for A. flavus and AFB1 contamination was 0.6 μl/ml. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of CEO was recorded with IC50 0.32 μl/ml. Biochemical and computational approaches (docking and dynamics simulation) have been performed to explore the multi-faceted antimicrobial inhibitory effects of CEO at the molecular level, which shows the impairment in membrane functioning, leakage of cellular contents, release of 260-nm absorbing materials, antioxidative defense, carbon catabolism and vital genes (7AP3, Nor1, Omt1, and Vbs). The findings indicated that CEO could be used as natural antimicrobial agents against food-spoilage bacteria, A. flavus and AFB1 contamination to extend the shelf-life of food product and prevention of food-borne diseases.

Effect of leaf development on the composition of Coleus amboinicus Lour. hydroethanolic extracts

Coleus amboinicus Lour. is an aromatic shrub widely used for therapeutic and culinary purposes. Although its phytochemistry has been broadly reported in the literature, mainly essential oil composition, little is known about the effect of developmental factors on the composition of C. amboinicus extracts. Thus, we evaluated the chemical composition of C. amboinicus extracts from leaves in different stages of development via liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. After data processing and filtering, 143 and 101 mass features were detected in the negative and positive ion modes, respectively, most of which varied between at least two leaf stages. Among the compounds represented by these mass features, phenolic acids and flavonoids were annotated for this species. In general, leaves from the first and second nodes showed different composition in comparison to older leaves, indicating that a change in the chemical profile occurs towards the end of leaf expansion. This chemical variation may ultimately result in changes in the biological activities; therefore further research about the effects of developmental factors on C. amboinicus bioactivities is required.

Thioacetamide Induced in Albino Wistar Rats: Importance of Coleus aromaticus Aqueous Leaf Extract for Hepatoprotective Activity

This study was conducted to hepatoprotective effects of Coleus aromaticus aqueous leaf extract (C. aromaticus-ALE) of on Thioacetamide and Silymarin induced liver poisonousness in wistar rats. Phytochemical screenings of C. aromaticus-ALE were used to find out the preliminary constituents. Adult male wistar rats (weight range: 200-220g) were divided into 6 groups (n= 6). Thioacetamide and Silymarin stayed managed intraperitoneally arranged the 5th day to rats in all groups but the normal control. Phytochemical screen of C. aromaticus-ALE contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenol, tri-terpenoids, carbohydrate, anthraquinones, and phytosteroids. The biochemical markers of hepatic damage like AST, ALT, APT, Bilirubin and cholesterol. Furthermore, a significant hepatoprotective of the aqueous extract leaf and oral dose of Thioacetamide and Silymarin. C. aromaticus-ALE did not mortality or significant changes in the body weight. Process of hepatotoxicity induced by Thioacetamide in rats was interceded by control and these effects were comparable to those administered with Silymarin. This is the first report on hepatoprotective effect of C. aromaticus-ALE against Thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. &#x0D; Keywords: Thioacetamide, Silymarin, Coleus aromaticus, biochemical-hematological parameters, aqueous leaf extract.