Cold Test Research Articles

Effects of Respiratory Muscle Exercise on Blood Pressure Response by Sympathetic Nervous System Activation

PURPOSE: This study investigated the cardiovascular improvement effect of respiratory muscle exercise and evaluate the possibility of improving and preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) from a long-term perspective.METHODS: The study was designed as a crossover design with the same subjects (n=9). Subjects underwent a 2-week non-intervention period (CON) and a 2-week respiratory muscle exercise period (RespEX). Body composition, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and inspiratory capacity were measured for all subjects before and after the intervention. In addition, cold pressure test (CPT) and exercise stress test were performed.RESULTS: Respiratory muscle exercise was found to significantly reduce resting HR (in RespEX, Pre- vs. Post-, <i>p</i><.01). This was accompanied by the strengthening of the respiratory muscles. Also, exercise time was increased (in RespEX, Pre- vs. Post-, <i>p</i><.001). However, it did not induce an increase in maximal oxygen consumption. The results of the CPT confirmed that hypersensitivity-induced HR increases were prevented.CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory muscle exercise may have some benefits in preventing CVD, but it seems reasonable to use it as an adjunctive therapy to aerobic exercise. Although limited, it was confirmed that respiratory muscle exercise can have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular improvement and CVD prevention through CPT.

Functional Changes of White Matter Are Related to Human Pain Sensitivity during Sustained Nociception.

Pain is considered an unpleasant perceptual experience associated with actual or potential somatic and visceral harm. Human subjects have different sensitivity to painful stimulation, which may be related to different painful response pattern. Excellent studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have found the effect of the functional organization of white matter (WM) on the descending pain modulatory system, which suggests that WM function is feasible during pain modulation. In this study, 26 pain sensitive (PS) subjects and 27 pain insensitive (PIS) subjects were recruited based on cold pressor test. Then, all subjects underwent the cold bottle test (CBT) in normal (26 degrees temperature stimulating) and cold (8 degrees temperature stimulating) conditions during fMRI scan, respectively. WM functional networks were obtained using K-means clustering, and the functional connectivity (FC) was assessed among WM networks, as well as gray matter (GM)-WM networks. Through repeated measures ANOVA, decreased FC was observed between the GM-cerebellum network and the WM-superior temporal network, as well as the WM-sensorimotor network in the PS group under the cold condition, while this difference was not found in PIS group. Importantly, the changed FC was positively correlated with the state and trait anxiety scores, respectively. This study highlighted that the WM functional network might play an integral part in pain processing, and an altered FC may be related to the descending pain modulatory system.

Chemical, Physical, and Technological Characteristics of Palm Olein and Canola Oil Blends

Because of the limited technical properties of their native forms, oils and fats are frequently blended to achieve the desired textural and oxidative properties. In this study, canola and palm oil blends were prepared in nine different proportions: B1 (90 : 10), B2 (80 : 20), B3 (70 : 30), B4 (60 : 40), B5 (50 : 50), B6 (40 : 60), B7 (30 : 70), B8 (20 : 80), and B9 (10 : 90). Pure palm oil (PO) and canola oil (CO) were used as the controls. All blends were assessed for physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, heat treatment, and polymer content. The results indicated negative cold tests only for B1 and B2 blends with 10 and 20% PO, respectively. Iodine value decreased with increasing palm oil concentration and was lowest (62.03 ± 0.526) for blend B9, i.e., 90% PO. The fatty acid profile indicated more saturated fatty acids and a higher percentage of oleic acid in PO than in CO. The fatty acid profile values of blends B1–B9 were between those of the pure PO and CO. Linoleic and linolenic acids were more in blends B1–B9 than those in pure PO. The polymer content of PO (7.17%) was found to be lower than that of CO (10.32%) after 60 h of heating at 180°C. In addition, biologically active substances (BASs), which could be formed during the frying process, were tested by measuring the inhibition zone of E. coli growth. PO retarded BAS formation. The blended palm or canola oils resulted in better stability and increased organoleptic characteristics and hence can be suitable as economical and healthy alternatives to pure palm or canola oil.

Protection Scheme Effectiveness Study for the High-Luminosity LHC MBRD Magnet

The MBRD (Main Bending Recombination Dipole, or D2) is one of the magnets in the interaction region of the LHC that needs to be replaced in order to fulfill the requirements of the High-Luminosity upgrade. The magnetic field must be increased up to 4.5 T in an aperture with a diameter of 105 mm and a total length of about 8 m, to reach the target integrated field of 35 T <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot$</tex-math></inline-formula> m. The increase of the magnetic field and, consequently, of the cross talk between the two apertures having the same polarity required a brand-new design characterized by asymmetric left-right coils and aluminum rings around the two apertures in order to compensate the repulsive Lorentz forces arising between them. The design was carried out at INFN, while the construction is taking place at the ASG Superconductors (Genova, Italy). The development plan was to initially build a 1.6 m long model, completed and cold tested in summer 2020, a full scale prototype, whose cold tests are now ongoing, followed by a series of six magnets, presently under construction. The test campaign performed on the short model and the one currently underway on the prototype provide very useful information for the magnets of the series, such as the behavior of the protection circuit in case of quenches. During the measurements performed at CERN, several quenches induced by the quench heaters were provoked, and the magnet behavior was recorded for different initial currents. This contribution will focus on the results of such tests and their comparison with the predictions obtained through the simulations with two different codes, Roxie and STEAM-LEDET.

The Challenges and Solutions of Meeting the Assembly Specifications for the 4.5 m Long MQXFA Magnets for the Hi-Luminosity LHC

The U.S. High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (HL-LHC AUP) has, in the recent years, developed assembly specifications for the 4.5 m long MQXFA magnets, which are 150 mm aperture high-field Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn low-β quadrupole magnets that are being built for the CERN Hi-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade. While the specifications were based on lessons learned from the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) effort and the MQXFS and MQXFA prototype magnets, the experience gained from having both MQXFA07 and MQXFA08 magnets not meeting performance specifications during cold testing actually catalyzed a better understanding of the impact of the target assembly specifications and a subsequent refinement of the same. This paper summarizes a body of assembly data from the Pre-Series (MQXFA03-MQXFA07) and Series magnets (MQXFA08-MQXFA11) that have been built to date, and discusses the processes employed to successfully face the challenge of ensuring that the assembly specifications are met for the duration of the project.

Applied Metrology for the Assembly of the Nb3Sn MQXFA Quadrupole Magnets for the HL-LHC AUP

The US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) is building Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn quadrupole magnets, called MQXFA, with plans to install 16 of them in the HL-LHC Interaction Regions. Variability in coil size must be dealt with at the assembly level, which requires timely and repeatable measurement of each coil. In this paper we will present the methodology used for coil measurements and the geometrical size data for the coils that have been measured thus far. We will also show the coil measurements of 8 coils before and after cold test. The Leica AT960-MR laser tracker with Spatial Analyzer software acquired to achieve these measurements has been used elsewhere in the project to great effect.

Impact of Flax Seed Protein and Beeswax Emulsion Blend on Leather Finishing– A Novel Eco-Benign Formulation

Protein based finishing on leather surface is generally done using casein-based formulation which forms a transparent and breathable film. Other naturally available options such as protein extracted from flax seeds exhibit versatile application in various fields. Thus in this work, the flax seed protein which is found to be 84%, along with bees wax emulsion is explored for the first time as an Eco benign binder and as an alternative for casein based finish. The binders play very important role in leather finishing as it helps in binding the various constituents of finishing such as pigments, wax, and additives to the leather matrix. The prepared Eco benign binder formed a continuous film on the surface of the leather and improved the of physical properties and crack resistance of the leather. The FTIR and particle size analysis were carried out for the characterization of the Eco benign binder. The experimental leathers were tested for tensile strength, elongation at break, lastometer test, colour fastness and cold crack tests. The results of the said tests were satisfied and on par with control leathers.

Status of the MQXFB Nb3Sn Quadrupoles for the HL-LHC

The cold powering test of the first two prototypes of the MQXFB quadrupoles (MQXFBP1, now disassembled, and MQXFBP2), the Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn inner triplet magnets to be installed in the HL-LHC, has validated many features of the design, such as field quality and quench protection, but has found performance limitations. In fact, both magnets showed a similar phenomenology, characterized by reproducible quenches in the straight part inner layer pole turn, with absence of training and limiting the performance at 93% (MQXFBP1) and 98% (MQXFBP2) of the nominal current at 1.9 K, required for HL-LHC operation at 7 TeV. Microstructural inspections of the quenching section of the limiting coil in MQXFBP1 have identified fractured Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn sub-elements in strands located at one specific position of the inner layer pole turn, allowing to determine the precise origin of the performance limitation. In this paper we outline the strategy that has been defined to address the possible sources of performance limitation, namely coil manufacturing, magnet assembly and integration in the cold mass.

Effect of Stimulating Maize Seeds with Potassium Nitrate and Licorice Extract on the Seed Viability and Vigor

Germination and field emergence are delayed and their duration is prolonged due to the declining soil temperature during the spring season, which is reflected in the subsequent stages of crop growth, therefore, this study aimed to improve germination. Under a wide range of environmental conditions, a laboratory factorial experiment was carried out to study the effect of seed stimulation with potassium nitrate (distilled water only (0), 2, 4, and 6 mg L-1) and with an aqueous extract of licorice roots (distilled water only (0), 3, 6, and 9 g L-1) on the seed viability and vigor. The laboratory experiment was carried out according to the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four repetitions. The results showed the superiority of the interaction treatment between the two concentrations 6 gm L-1 and 6 mg L-1 for each of licorice root extract and potassium nitrate by giving the highest average of the final germination 99%, the seedling vigor index reached 3846, the germination percentage at accelerating age test of 75%, and the germination percentage at the cold test of 76%. We can conclude that there was a response to soaking the seeds in licorice root extract at specific concentrations, with a clear response to potassium nitrate, and the response could be better when soaking in potassium nitrate at concentrations higher than 6 mg L-1. We also recommend that the soaking duration in any of the two factors is 18 hours to improve germination under a wide range of environmental conditions.

On the Thermal Contact Between Winding Packs and Casings of JT-60SA TF Coils in Self-Field and Tokamak Configurations

The present study aims at providing quantitative insight, extracted from experimental data, about the impact of Lorentz forces on the distribution of static heat load within JT-60SA Toroidal Field (TF) coils. More accurately, we assess the distribution of these loads over the winding packs (WP) and casings from Helium enthalpy balances when the TF current is either zero or nominal. This study is motivated by the impact of such loads and associated distribution on the quench margin in operation and on the cryogenics system. It is divided in two parts: the first one focuses on the distribution results obtained for the Cold Test Facility (CTF) tests (i.e., in self-field configuration) while the second one focuses on those obtained during JT-60SA integrated commissioning (i.e., in tokamak configuration). We then draw the main outcomes of these studies and discuss the consistency of the results obtained for the two configurations.

A Wideband 220-GHz Traveling Wave Tube Based on Slotted Piecewise Sine Waveguide

A slotted piecewise sine waveguide (SPWSWG) is suggested as the slow wave structure (SWS) to develop the terahertz traveling wave tube (TWT). This letter is the first to report the SPWSWG SWS with the advantages of flat dispersion and large coupling impedance from our calculation. Based on this novel SWS, a wideband 220-GHz TWT has been designed, fabricated and tested. The cold test results show that the reflection parameters at the input and output port of the TWT are less than -15.2 dB in the frequency range of 209-235 GHz. Moreover, the hot test results demonstrate that the maximum saturated output power reaches 28.6 W at 215 GHz and the 3-dB bandwidth exceeds 15.5 GHz, which are basically consistent with the simulation results.

The Influence of Sildenafil-Metformin Combination on Hyperalgesia and Biochemical Markers in Diabetic Neuropathy in Mice.

Background and objectives: Worldwide, approximately 500 million people suffer from diabetes and at least 50% of these people develop neuropathy. Currently, therapeutic strategies for reducing diabetic neuropathy (DN)-associated pain are limited and have several side effects. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antihyperalgesic action of different sildenafil (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor) and metformin (antihyperglycemic agent) combinations in alloxan-induced DN. Methods: The study included 100 diabetic mice and 20 non-diabetic mice that were subjected to hot and cold stimulus tests. Furthermore, we determined the influence of this combination on TNF-α, IL-6 and nitrites levels in brain and liver tissues. Results: In both the hot-plate and tail withdrawal test, all sildenafil-metformin combinations administered in our study showed a significant increase in pain reaction latencies when compared to the diabetic control group. Furthermore, all combinations decreased blood glucose levels due to the hypoglycemic effect of metformin. Additionally, changes in nitrite levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were observed after 14 days of treatment with different sildenafil-metformin combinations. Conclusions: The combination of these two substances increased the pain reaction latency of diabetic animals in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, all sildenafil-metformin combinations significantly reduced the concentration of nitrites in the brain and liver, which are final products formed under the action of iNOS.

Effect of humidity on radiolysis-enhanced corrosion by gamma irradiation on electroless nickel plating

The study reveals that water vapor can cause corrosion of electroless nickel plating under gamma irradiation, even in the absence of dew condensation. To control relative humidity during gamma irradiation, a simple apparatus utilizing saturated salt solutions was developed and validated by cold tests. Irradiation testing of electroless nickel plating was conducted under humidity control at relative humidity of 20%, resulting in surface degradation after 1 MGy total dose. Conversely, no degradation was observed on samples exposed to dry condition with relative humidity of less than 10% after a 5 MGy total dose. Humidity-uncontrolled irradiation tests, where condensation could occur, resulted in more severe corrosion than the humidity-controlled tests. A comparison of the chemical composition of corrosion products between the humidity-controlled and humidity-uncontrolled environments showed nitrate corrosion products were prevalent in the former while hydroxides were dominant in the latter.

Multivariate prognostic analysis of direct pulp capping using a bioceramic material in mature permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure: a retrospective cohort study.

On the basis of a large sample size and a long follow-up period, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the outcomes of direct pulp capping (DPC) in mature permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure using a kind of bioaggregate putty (BP) which commercially named iRoot BP Plus (Innovative Bioceramix, Inc., Vancouver, Canada) and to analyze the potential prognostic factors. The design of this research was retrospective regarding treatment procedures and prospective regarding the assessment of outcomes. The preoperative diagnosis of the teeth was either normal pulp or reversible pulpitis. Results were assessed based on clinical and radiographic examinations with at least 12months of follow-up after DPC. No symptoms or signs, a positive response to electric pulp testing, a normal response to cold pulp testing and radiographs showing no abnormalities were considered to indicate success. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to calculate the cumulative survival of teeth after DPC. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to analyze potential prognostic factors. Three hundred thirty-four patients, including a total of 354 teeth, were available for the final clinical examination. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 85months, with an average of 27.0 ± 0.8months. The total success rate was 85% (302/354), and the cumulative survival rates at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5years were 92%, 87%, 83%, 76%, and 72%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated a significantly increased risk of failure in patients aged above 40years and those treated by resident operators (P ≤ 0.01), with hazard ratios of 2.18 and 2.27, respectively. Under appropriate indication selection and treatment procedures, long-term success is possible in mature permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure by DPC using iRoot BP Plus. Patient age and operator experience are potential prognostic factors. Clinical data on iRoot BP Plus as a pulp capping medicament in mature permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure is lacking. This study indicated the efficacy of BP in DPC. Younger patient and sophisticated operator are beneficial for the outcome of DPC.

Antifungal activity of essential oil and emulsifiable concentrates of citronella and lemon grass against Phomopsis vexans

The present study aims to develop eco-friendly Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC) using citronella and lemon grass essential oil (EO) and evaluate its antifungal activity against Phomopsis vexans in Solanum melongena. Among nine prepared formulations, F1 formulation with EO (40%) + vegetable oil (50%) and emulsifier blends (10%) with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value (12.86) were found suitable for both EO formulations. These formulations (CF1 and LF1) performed well in terms of emulsion stability, cold test, accelerated storage and foam test indicating feasibility for their commercial production. In laboratory studies, at 0.1% concentration, citronella essential oil, lemon grass essential oil and their EC formulations CF1 and LF1 inhibited the growth of P. vexans with EC50 values 0.0087, 0.0098, 0.009 and 0.0126, respectively. Further, under field conditions, CF1 performed better than LF1 formulation in terms of minimum disease severity (32.22%). Hence, EC formulations can be used as natural and eco-friendly fungicide for P. vexans control.

Control Method of Cold and Hot Shock Test of Sensors in Medium.

In order to meet the latest requirements for sensor quality test in the industry, the sample sensor needs to be placed in the medium for the cold and hot shock test. However, the existing environmental test chamber cannot effectively control the temperature of the sample in the medium. This paper designs a control method based on the support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm and K-means clustering combined with neural network correction. When testing sensors in a medium, the clustering SVM classification algorithm is used to distribute the control voltage corresponding to temperature conditions. At the same time, the neural network is used to constantly correct the temperature to reduce overshoot during the temperature-holding phase. Eventually, overheating or overcooling of the basket space indirectly controls the rapid rise or decrease in the temperature of the sensor in the medium. The test results show that this method can effectively control the temperature of the sensor in the medium to reach the target temperature within 15 min and stabilize when the target temperature is between 145 °C and -40 °C. The steady-state error is less than 0.31 °C in the high-temperature area and less than 0.39 °C in the low-temperature area, which well solves the dilemma of the current cold and hot shock test.

Electroacupuncture alleviates postoperative pain through inhibiting neuroinflammation via stimulator of interferon genes/type-1 interferon pathway

ObjectiveThis work explores the impact of electroacupuncture (EA) on acute postoperative pain (APP) and the role of stimulator of interferon genes/type-1 interferon (STING/IFN-1) signaling pathway modulation in the analgesic effect of EA in APP rats. MethodsThe APP rat model was initiated through abdominal surgery and the animals received two 30 min sessions of EA at bilateral ST36 (Zusanli) and SP6 (Sanyinjiao) acupoints. Mechanical, thermal and cold sensitivity tests were performed to measure the pain threshold, and electroencephalograms were recorded in the primary somatosensory cortex to identify the effects of EA treatment on APP. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expression and distribution of proteins in the STING/IFN-1 pathway as well as neuroinflammation. A STING inhibitor (C-176) was administered intrathecally to verify its role in EA. ResultsAPP rats displayed mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities compared to the control group (P < 0.05). APP significantly reduced the amplitude of θ, α and γ oscillations compared to their baseline values (P < 0.05). Interestingly, expression levels of proteins in the STING/IFN-1 pathway were downregulated after inducing APP (P < 0.05). Further, APP increased pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and downregulated anti-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-10 and arginase-1 (P < 0.05). EA effectively attenuated APP-induced painful hypersensitivities (P < 0.05) and restored the θ, α and γ power in APP rats (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, EA distinctly activated the STING/IFN-1 pathway and mitigated the neuroinflammatory response (P < 0.05). Furthermore, STING/IFN-1 was predominantly expressed in isolectin-B4- or calcitonin-gene-related-peptide-labeled dorsal root ganglion neurons and superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn. Inhibition of the STING/IFN-1 pathway by intrathecal injection of C-176 weakened the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of EA on APP (P < 0.05). ConclusionEA can generate robust analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects on APP, and these effects may be linked to activating the STING/IFN-1 pathway, suggesting that STING/IFN-1 may be a target for relieving APP.Please cite this article as: Ding YY, Xu F, Wang YF, Han LL, Huang SQ, Zhao S, Ma LL, Zhang TH, Zhao WJ, Chen XD. Electroacupuncture alleviates postoperative pain through inhibiting neuroinflammation via stimulator of interferon genes/type-1 interferon pathway. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(5): 496–508.

Microcirculatory response to cold stress test in the healthy hand.

Cold sensitivity of the fingers is common in several conditions. It has been linked to digital vasospasm, microvascular dysfunction, and neural mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the normal digital microvascular response to a cold stress test in healthy individuals using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI). Twenty-six healthy individuals, mean age 31 (SD 9) years were included. Skin perfusion of digits II-V was measured using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging before and after a standardized cold stress test. Changes in skin perfusion from baseline were analyzed between hands, digits, and sexes. Skin perfusion was significantly (p<0.0001) affected by cold provocation in both the cold exposed and the contralateral hands in all participants of the study. This effect was significantly different between the radial (digit II and III) and the ulnar (digit V) side of the hands (p<0.001). There was a trend towards a larger decrease in perfusion in men (ns), and a faster recovery to baseline values in women (ns). A larger inter subject variability was seen in perfusion values in women. The normal microvascular response to cold provocation may involve both centrally and regionally mediated processes. When exposing one hand to a cold stress test, the contralateral hand responds with simultaneous but smaller decreases in perfusion.

Effect of Stimulate of Sorghum Seeds with Banana Peel Extract and Citric Acid on Seeds Viability and Vigour

Sorghum seeds suffer from a low germination ratio, so a factorial experiment was carried out in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Field Crops, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during 2022 according to a Completely Randomized Design with four replications to study the effect of stimulating seeds with aqueous extract of banana peels with a concentration of (0, 15, 25 and 35%) and citric acid at concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1) on viability and vigour of seed properties. Seeds that soaked with banana peel extract at a concentration of 25% outperformed in first count (79.8%), final count (85.0%), radicle length (13.2 cm), plumule length (11.6 cm), and seedling vigour index (2109), noting that they didn’t differ significantly with a concentration of 35%. Concentration of 35% outperformed in seedling dry weight (0.015 mg), cold test (46.2%) and accelerated aging (65.0%). Citric acid at a concentration of 200 mg L-1 was superior at the first count (84.3%), final count (87.5%), radicle length (13.9 cm), plumule length (11.5 cm), seedling dry weight (0.014 mg), and seedling vigour index (2227). Concentration of 35% + 100 mg L-1 of banana peel extract and citric acid was significantly superior at final count (94.0%), radicle length (15.8 cm), plumule length (13.6 cm), seedling dry weight (0.017 mg), seedling vigour index (2761), accelerated ageing (75.0%), It can be concluded that banana peel extract is rich with nutrients and mineral elements that stimulate germination and seedling growth, and that citric acid provides an appropriate pH that increases the activity of the enzymes responsible for germination process, so it can be recommended that using a concentration of 35% + 100 mg L-1 of the aqueous extract of banana peels and citric acid together to enhance germination in sorghum.

Theoretical designs and experiments on dual-band input coupler for gyrotron traveling wave tube

In this paper, a novel K/Ka dual-band input coupler for the gyrotron traveling wave tube is theoretically and experimentally investigated. This input coupler mainly consists of three modules, a Y-type power division coupler, a coaxial cavity coupler, and a Bragg reflector. When the dual-band coupler operates in K-band, the Y-type coupler couples out the TE11 mode, and simulation results show the −1 dB bandwidth is 3.3 GHz in the frequency range of 17.9–21.2 GHz. In Ka-band, the TE21 mode coupled out by the coaxial cavity coupler, the −1 dB bandwidth is 3.5 GHz within 33.7–37.2 GHz, and the reflection coefficient keeps a pretty low level. The prototype was fabricated and measured to further verify the designed dual-band input coupler's performance. The back-to-back cold test results show that the −3 dB bandwidth of the K-band is about 2.5 GHz, and the −3 dB bandwidth of the Ka-band is 2.44 GHz.