Effect Of Cold Plasma Research Articles

Atmospheric cold plasma frequency imparts changes on cashew apple juice composition and improves vitamin C bioaccessibility

This study evaluated the atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) effect on cashew apple juice composition at different frequencies (200 and 700 Hz). The impact of this non-thermal technology on the organic juice compounds after the processing and along with the in vitro digestion carried out in a simulated digestion system at 37 °C/6 h was evaluated. The changes in the juice composition were determined by NMR spectroscopy and chemometric analyses. Vitamin C and total phenolic compounds were also quantified in processed and non-processed (control) juices and after each digestion phase. The results showed decreased glucose and fructose in samples treated by ACP and an increment in malic acid concentration for ACP700. ACP increased the amount of vitamin C in the juices and did not affect the total phenolic content. The gastric digestion highlighted the pronounced effect of plasma on the juice composition, increasing all of the components detected by NMR. Cashew apple juice processed by ACP700 presented a higher concentration of malic acid and phenylalanine. An increased bioaccessibility of vitamin C was also found for ACP700. Although ACP processing has decreased some compounds' concentration, this technology improved the bioaccessibility of vitamin C – the main bioactive compound of cashew apple juice.

Microbial Inactivation and Quality Preservation of Chicken Breast Salad Using Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge Cold Plasma Treatment.

Microbiological safety of ready-to-eat foods is paramount for consumer acceptability. The effects of in-package atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (ADCP) treatment on the microbiological safety and quality of model chicken salad (CS) were investigated in this study. CS, packaged in a commercial polyethylene terephthalate container, was treated with ADCP at 24 kV for 2 min. The inactivation of indigenous mesophilic bacteria, Salmonella, and Tulane virus in CS; growth of indigenous mesophilic bacteria and Salmonella in CS; and quality of CS during storage at 4 °C were then investigated. ADCP inactivated indigenous mesophilic bacteria, Salmonella, and Tulane virus by 1.2 ± 0.3 log CFU/g, 1.0–1.5 ± 0.2 log CFU/g, and 1.0 ± 0.1 log PFU/g, respectively. Furthermore, it effectively retarded the growth of the microorganisms, while not significantly affecting the color of chicken, romaine lettuce, and carrot, and the antioxidant capacity of all vegetables throughout storage at the tested temperatures (p > 0.05). The color, smell, and appearance of all vegetables evaluated on day 0 were not significantly different in the sensory test, regardless of the treatment (p > 0.05). Collectively, ADCP treatment effectively decontaminates packaged CS without altering its quality-related properties.

The Effects of Red Clover Seed Treatment with Cold Plasma and Electromagnetic Field on Germination and Seedling Growth Are Dependent on Seed Color

This study aimed to estimate the effects of cold plasma (CP) and electromagnetic field (EMF) treatment of red clover (Trifolium pratense) seeds with different coat colors on germination kinetics, the content of seed phytohormones, and the growth of seedlings. Seeds of red clover cultivar ‘Arimaiciai’ were treated with radio-frequency EMF or capacitively coupled low-pressure CP for different durations. There were no differences in germination kinetics between yellow, brown, and dark purple seeds in control, but the germination rate of seeds treated with CP and EMF depended on seed color: The germination of yellow seeds was stimulated stronger compared to dark purple and brown seeds, and EMF did not stimulate germination in brown seeds. The content of phytohormones in control seeds and the shift in their amount induced by seed treatments were also strongly dependent on seed color. No relationship was found between the effect on germination kinetics and changes in phytohormone levels. In the control, seedlings growing from the yellow seeds were heavier, and the number of root nodules was 12.5 times larger compared to seedlings of dark purple seeds. Seed treatments with CP and EMF significantly increased the number of root nodules, and this effect was stronger in seedlings from dark purple seeds compared to those from yellow seeds.

Cold plasma treatment improves seed germination and accelerates the establishment of centipedegrass

AbstractCold plasma seed treatment has the potential for improving seed germination and seedling growth. However, the effects of cold plasma on seed germination and plant growth of perennial plants are unknown. Centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] was used to study the effect of cold plasma on seed germination, plant growth, and plant physiological mechanisms. Seeds were treated with different doses (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 W) of cold plasma. After cold plasma treatment, germination and biophysical characteristics of seeds, turf quality parameters, and physiological responses were investigated. Results showed that 120 W of cold plasma treatment significantly improved germination and turf quality of centipedegrass, and germination rate, germination speed, and uniformity of emergence were improved. Adventitious root numbers and dry weights of shoots and roots of seedlings increased. In addition, water uptake increased because of the increased conductivity and decreased apparent contact angle. Seed reserve utilization parameters, including α‐amylase and protease activities, soluble sugar and protein contents, and seed reserve utilization efficiency, all increased. Mean percentage of turfgrass coverage, stem diameter, leaf thickness, and dry weights of shoots and roots increased. Chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, root activity, and microelements contents also increased. Overall, cold plasma treatment improved the seed germination and turf quality by increasing the water uptake of seeds, seed reserve utilization, photosynthetic efficiency, and nutrient uptake capacity.

Evaluating the effect of cold plasma on the healing of gingival wound.

This is the first study that conducted to the effect of cold plasma on the healing of gingival wound in diabetic rabbits. Eighteen healthy rabbits is purched from pastor institute. The aloxan was injected to the rabbits. After induction of anesthesia the gum tissue is removed. The rabbits were treated by the plasma jet for 3, 5 and 10days each day 30s and they were considered histological. After 3days the plasma jet treatment, the production of collagen and fibroblast and migration of epithelial cells is observed. As can be seen from the results after 5days the cold plasma treatment the increase of neovascularation, collagen and inflammatory infiltration is seen in gum tissue. Formation of granulation tissue is seen after 10days the plasma jet treatment. The cold plasma treatment is an effective way for gingival wound treatment. Cold plasma treatment resulted in reduction of inflammatory phase and accelerates the recovery phase by increase neovascularation and collagen production.

Cold Plasma Affects Germination and Fungal Community Structure of Buckwheat Seeds.

Crop seeds are frequently colonised by fungi from the field or storage places. Some fungi can cause plant diseases or produce mycotoxins, compromising the use of seeds as seeding material, food or feed. We have investigated the effects of cold plasma (CP) on seed germination and diversity of seed-borne fungi in common and Tartary buckwheat. The seeds were treated with CP for 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 s in a low-pressure radiofrequency system using oxygen as the feed gas. The fungi from the seed surface and fungal endophytes were isolated using potato dextrose agar plates. After identification by molecular methods, the frequency and diversity of fungal strains were compared between CP treated and chemically surface-sterilised (30% of H2O2) seeds. CP treatments above 60 s negatively affected the germination of both buckwheat species. A significant reduction in fungal frequency and diversity was observed after 90 s and 120 s in common and Tartary buckwheat, respectively. The filamentous fungi of genera Alternaria and Epicoccum proved to be the most resistant to CP. The results of our study indicate that CP treatment used in our study may be applicable in postharvest and food production, but not for further seed sowing.

Cold Plasma Treatment Promotes Full-thickness Healing of Skin Wounds in Murine Models.

Cold plasma can be beneficial for promoting skin wound healing and has a high potential of being effectively used in treating various wounds. Our aim was to verify the effect of cold plasma in accelerating wound healing and investigate its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. For the in vivo experiments, 2 full-thickness dermal wounds were created in each mouse (n = 30). While one wound was exposed to 2 daily plasma treatments for 3 min, the other wound served as a control. The wounds were evaluated by imaging and histological analyses at 4, 7, and 11 days post the wound infliction process. Immunohistochemical studies were also performed at the same time points. In vitro proliferation and scratch assay using HaCaT keratinocytes and fibroblasts were performed. The expression levels of wound healing-related genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. On day 7, the wound healing rates were 53.94% and 63.58% for the control group and the plasma-treated group, respectively. On day 11, these rates were 76.05% and 93.44% for the control and plasma-treated groups, respectively, and the difference between them was significant (P = .039). Histological analysis demonstrated that plasma treatment promotes the formation of epidermal keratin and granular layers. Immunohistochemical studies also revealed that collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin appeared more abundantly in the plasma-treated group than in the control group. In vitro, the proliferation of keratinocytes was promoted by plasma exposure. Scratch assay showed that fibroblast exposure to plasma increased their migration. The expression levels of collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were elevated upon plasma treatment. In conclusion, cold plasma can accelerate skin wound healing and is well tolerated.

Inactivation of Indigenous Microorganisms and Salmonella in Korean Rice Cakes by In-Package Cold Plasma Treatment.

The antimicrobial effects of in-package cold plasma (CP) treatment on Korean rice cakes (KRC) were evaluated. The CP treatment (25 kV) inactivated indigenous mesophilic aerobic bacteria by 0.8–1.0 log CFU/g, irrespective of the position of KRC in the package. The addition of a shaking step during CP treatment increased the reduction in microbes by ~1 log CFU/g. The microbial inactivation efficiency increased significantly when the treatment time increased from 1 to 3 min. Microbial inactivation activity was highest for packages containing eight rice cakes. The optimized CP treatment achieved a 2.0 ± 0.1 log CFU/g reduction in indigenous bacteria. In addition, the optimum CP treatment inactivated indigenous yeast and molds and Salmonella in KRC by 1.7 ± 0.1 log CFU/g and 3.9 ± 0.3 log CFU/g, respectively. No significant changes in color and firmness were observed, and the surface temperature of KRC did not exceed 22 °C after CP treatment. Moreover, CP treatment damaged the cellular membrane of Salmonella, mainly by inducing lipid peroxidation. This study demonstrates the potential use of in-package CP treatment for the non-thermal microbial inactivation of KRC.

Effect of cold plasma on insect infestation and keeping quality of stored wheat flour

Cold plasma has been applied as an alternative technology for pest control of stored commodities. Wheat flour is infested with three different insect species and subjected to plasma treatment at two power levels (40 W and 60 W) with three-time intervals. Further, the growth of larvae and pupae of insects was examined at different storage periods by sieving and visual inspection methods. There was a significant increase in the death of larvae and pupae of insects. Iodine and bromocresol green staining tests were used to detect the eggs in the flour. The parameters related to the quality of flour during the storage, like lipase enzyme activity and oxidation of fats, were analyzed. A decrease in lipase enzyme activity by 35% on the 90th days was observed in 60 W-30 min treated samples. The reduction in lipase enzyme activity resulted in a lower Thiobarbituric acid value. No significant change was observed in the color profile of wheat flour after the plasma treatment. This study shows that cold plasma can be applied as a novel technology for pest control management to enhance stored food product quality.

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Irradiation Facilitates Transdermal Permeability of Aniline Blue on Porcine Skin and the Cellular Permeability of Keratinocytes with the Production of Nitric Oxide

The transdermal delivery system of nutrients, cosmetics, and drugs is particularly attractive for painless, noninvasive delivery and sustainable release. Recently, atmospheric pressure plasma techniques have been of great interest to improve the drug absorption rate in transdermal delivery. Currently, plasma-mediated changes in the lipid composition of the stratum corneum are considered a possible mechanism to increase transdermal permeability. Nevertheless, its molecular and cellular mechanisms in transdermal delivery have been largely confined and still veiled. Herein, we present the effects of cold plasma on transdermal transmission on porcine skin and the cellular permeability of keratinocytes and further demonstrate the production of nitric oxide from keratinocytes. Consequently, argon plasma irradiation for 60 s resulted in 2.5-fold higher transdermal absorption of aniline blue dye on porcine skin compared to the nontreated control. In addition, the plasma-treated keratinocytes showed an increased transmission of high-molecular-weight molecules (70 and 150 kDa) with the production of nitric oxide. Therefore, these findings suggest a promoting effect of low-temperature plasma on transdermal absorption, even for high-molecular-weight molecules. Moreover, plasma-induced nitric oxide from keratinocytes is likely to regulate transdermal permeability in the epidermal layer.

Simultaneous effect of cold plasma and MAP on the quality properties of mixed nuts snack during storage

Simultaneous effect of cold plasma and MAP on the quality properties of mixed nuts snack during storage

The effect of cold plasma on antioxidant enzymes, minerals, and some of the levels of the biochemical parameters in the subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus samples

Introduction: Hyperglycemia in people with diabetes mellitus and its lack of control are associated with irreversible consequences. Glycation of proteins and enzymes, especially antioxidant enzymes in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, affects these consequences. Consumption of bioactive compounds containing antioxidants and minerals as well as the use of adjunct therapies, such as cold atmospheric plasma therapy, can be effective in preventing and controlling the consequences of diabetes mellitus.Objective: In this research, we investigated whether cold plasma treatment of diabetic samples was effective in altering the activity of oxidative enzymes, some biochemical elements, and biochemical parameters.Methods: Thirty individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 healthy individuals, as controls, participated in the study. The samples were exposed to cold argon plasma jet for 10 minutes (by a 10 kHz pulsed DC power supply with an amplitude up to 20.0 kV). The following contents of the serum samples of all participants were evaluated according to the instructions of the used kits before and after the cold argon plasma jet treatment: the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes; the concentration of glucose, hydrogen peroxide, and selenium binding protein 1 (as an indicator of blood selenium); and the concentration of copper, zinc, iron, and magnesium.Results: The activity of antioxidant enzymes and minerals significantly increased in diabetic samples treated with cold plasma (P value < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the concentrations of glucose, hydrogen peroxide, or selenium binding protein 1 in diabetic samples treated with cold plasma.Conclusions: Using cold argon plasma jet as an adjunct method, which will reduce the glycation of enzymes and improve some minerals, can reduce the risk of diabetes complications in patients with diabetes mellitus.Keywords:Antioxidant enzymes, Cold plasma, Diabetes mellitus, Minerals.

Effects of Non-Thermal Plasma on Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Cold plasmas generated by various electrical discharges can affect cell physiology or induce cell damage that may often result in the loss of viability. Many cold plasma-based technologies have emerged in recent years that are aimed at manipulating the cells within various environments or tissues. These include inactivation of microorganisms for the purpose of sterilization, food processing, induction of seeds germination, but also the treatment of cells in the therapy. Mechanisms that underlie the plasma-cell interactions are, however, still poorly understood. Dissection of cellular pathways or structures affected by plasma using simple eukaryotic models is therefore desirable. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a traditional model organism with unprecedented impact on our knowledge of processes in eukaryotic cells. As such, it had been also employed in studies of plasma-cell interactions. This review focuses on the effects of cold plasma on yeast cells.

Effects of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma on the activity, structure and conformation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and on the activity of litchi peroxidase (POD)

Litchi is one kind of the precious tropical fruits, but it is easily affected by enzymatic browning resulting in great loss to farmers. In the present study, dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma was used to inactivate the litchi peroxidase (POD), one of the enzymes responsible for browning. Results indicated that after 10 min treatment, the residual activity of the POD extracted from pericarp decreased to 47.16%. The effect of cold plasma on POD structure was studied by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a model enzyme. The HRP activity was decreased by about 85% after 180 s of treatment. UV and fluorescence spectral results suggested that the secondary and tertiary structures of HRP were changed through plasma treatment, hydrophobic aromatic amino acids and hemes were exposed and modified. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicated that after exposed to plasma for 180 s, the content of α-helix in HRP were decreased from 21.41% to 8.53%, and the β-sheet content raised from 23.29% to 32.11%. The presented study concluded that cold plasma is capable of reducing the activity of litchi POD, which will provide a new thought for prolonging shelf life of easy-browning fruits.

Change of tension state of electrolytic nickel under exposure to plasma

A study of the effect of cold air plasma on cathode nickel grade N-1 has been carried out. The changes in the microstructure, macro- and microstresses, as well as static displacements of atoms from equilibrium positions are investigated. By the method of aim metallography it was shown that the microstructure does not change under plasma exposure. X-ray structural studies have established that the level of microstresses does not change when exposed to plasma. A decrease in the magnitude of macrostresses is shown when exposed to plasma for 5 and 10 min. Macrostresses in this case vary from tensile stresses in the initial state to compressive stresses after exposure to plasma. The change in the static displacements of atoms from the equilibrium positions and their decrease when exposed to plasma have been established.

Effect of High Voltage Cold Plasma on Oxidation, Physiochemical, and Gelling Properties of Myofibrillar Protein Isolate from Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer).

The effects of in-bag dielectric barrier discharge high voltage cold plasma (IB-DBD-HVCP) on myofibrillar protein isolate (MPI) from Asian sea bass (ASB) and its impact on the physiochemical and gelling properties of MPI gels were elucidated. A mixture of argon (90%) and oxygen (10%) was used for generating IB-DBD-HVCP. MPI was subjected to IB-DBD-HVCP for varying times (5–15 min). Total carbonyl content was increased, while total sulfhydryl content was decreased in MPI, especially with augmenting treatment time (TT) (p < 0.05). Surface hydrophobicity initially increased when IB-DBD-HVCP TT of 5 min (DBD-HVCP5) was implemented, followed by subsequent decrease with increasing TT. Based on gel electrophoresis, lower actin and myosin heavy chain (MHC) band intensities were found for MPI subjected to IB-DBD-HVCP, particularly when a TT longer than 10 min was used, compared to those of the control. Gel made from DBD-HVCP5 had higher breaking force, deformation, and highest G′ value compared to others. A more ordered and fibrous network was found in DBD-HVCP5 treated gel. Therefore, IB-DBD-HVCP treatment, particularly for 5 min, enhanced cross-linking of proteins in ASB myofibrillar proteins, which resulted in the improved gel elasticity and strength.

Effects of High Voltage Electrical Discharge Plasma on Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment

High voltage electrical discharge plasma technology (HVED) is considered as a promising technology for wastewater remediation due to its fast removal rate and environmental compatibility. Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) treatment presents crucial environmental issues because of its high organic load and intense toxicity and phytotoxicity. The effect of cold plasma at frequencies of 60 Hz and 120 Hz, with injected gas (air, oxygen and nitrogen) and with and without the addition of FeCl3x6H2O, during 30 min, on degradation and removal of organic compounds, as well as polyphenols from OMWW, were investigated. The efficiency of cold plasma was monitored by pH, temperature, electroconductivity, redox potential, oxygen saturation and reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and polyphenols. The best removal efficiency of 50.98% of organic compounds was achieved at 120 Hz with nitrogen and the addition of FeCl3x6H2O, and a 60.32% reduction of polyphenols at a frequency of 60 Hz with the air and FeCl3x6H2O added was obtained. Also, the plasma treatment resulted in a decrease in coloring intensity, with the most significant color change at 120 Hz with the addition of FeCl3x6H2O with nitrogen and air.

The effects of copper nanoparticles and cold atmospheric plasma on biochemical indices of Dracocephalum moldavica

The effects of copper nanoparticles and cold atmospheric plasma on biochemical indices of Dracocephalum moldavica

Utilising cold plasma seed treatment technologies to delay cotyledon senescence in tomato seedlings

Cotyledon senescence is an important problem in industrialized seedling production. The effects of cold plasma (CP) treatments with different power levels from 0 to 100 W on the cotyledon chlorosis ratio and abscission ratio of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings were investigated under normal conditions. CP treatment with 25 W resulted in the lowest ratios of chlorosis and abscission, which significantly inhibited cotyledon senescence. Further study of dark-induced cotyledon senescence indicated that 25 W CP treatment inhibited chlorophyll breakdown, the loss of photosystem II function, and the transcription of senescence-related genes SAG12 and ORE1 during darkness. Transcripts of RBOH1, MAPK1/2 and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations were induced by CP treatment under normal conditions and early periods of darkness. However, both antioxidant enzymes and ascorbate-glutathione cycle were activated by CP treatment in late periods of darkness. In addition, the levels of three kinds of cytokinins (CKs) were enhanced, and ethylene concentrations were inhibited by CP treatment during darkness. Taken together, these physiological changes, which were caused by CP treatment, led to a senescence-delayed phenotype of tomato cotyledons. The present study provides a novel CP treatment approach for delaying cotyledon senescence in tomato seedlings, which is an easy, effective, and industrial technology that can significantly improve tomato seedling quality.

The improving effects of cold plasma on multi-scale structure, physicochemical and digestive properties of dry heated red adzuki bean starch

The effect of dry heat (DH, 130 °C, 1, 3 and 9 h), cold plasma (CP, 40 V, 1, 5 and 10 min) and their combination (D-P) treatment on the structure, physicochemical and digestive properties of red adzuki bean starch were studied. The results showed that DH or CP had slight change in morphology while diffraction pattern of starch was remained. With the extension of treated time of DH and CP, the amylose content, crystallinity, molecular weight, short-range order, the long chain of amylopectin, enthalpy value, swelling power, digestibility were reduced, while gelatinization temperatures, the short chain of amylopectin and solubility were increased. The D-P had deeper modification than the single treatment. The combination of dry heat and cold plasma is a simple and green method to improve the starch structure and enhance starch properties and this modified starch could be implemented to tailor starch to the desired food applications.