Cold Food Research Articles

Illness perception in patients with dental caries: A co-relational study in Odisha.

Illness behaviour refers to any actions or reactions of an individual who feels unwell for defining their state of health and obtaining physical or emotional relief from perceived or actual illness. The present study was conducted to assess illness perception of patients having dental caries using Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R) in Odisha. A descriptive co-relational study was conducted among 250 patients with self-reported dental caries in at least one tooth and more than 18 years of age. Data was collected using a cross-culturallyvalidated IPQ-R tool. This was followed by assessment for dental caries using Caries Severity Index. Spearman's correlation and multivariable analysis were conducted. Toothache, visible hole, tooth sensitivity, pain during taking hot and cold food were perceived to be associated with dental caries. Nearly half of the patients had a caries severity score of 5 (pulpitis) or more. Majority (83%) of participants reported presence of a "visible hole" when they had dental caries. Caries severity was positively correlated with timeline acute/chronic, timeline cyclical and consequence. Significant correlations were noted between IPQ-R components as well. Dental caries was mostly considered to be acute in nature. The study subjects perceived dental caries to have serious consequence, emotionally disturbing symptoms, which they could control by seeking treatment. Further studies need to be conductedwith a larger sample size.

Presenting a Mathematical Model for Optimizing the Cold Food Supply Chain During Disasters

Presenting a Mathematical Model for Optimizing the Cold Food Supply Chain During Disasters

Urea-aided phase change thermal energy storage performance regulation for thermal management

Organic phase change cold storage materials show significant potential in various fields, including cold chain transportation, food and drug preservation, and battery thermal management. However, most organic phase change cold storage materials struggle with issues like difficult temperature control and flammability, which severely limit their application and development. In this study, by physically blending a modulated urea solution and alcohol with the polyethylene glycol lauryl ester (PLE), and adjusting the mass of urea and alcohol, a series of samples are prepared. Detailed characterization and analysis reveal that the prepared phase change materials (PCMs) possess excellent cold storage properties. These materials achieve precise control of melting temperatures ranging from −13.42 to −3.80 °C, with a maximum latent heat of melting of 85.12 J/g. Interestingly, this study reveals that seven groups of samples exhibit flame retardant effects. These properties are critical for enhancing the safety and efficiency of the materials in practical applications. This innovative approach not only addresses the temperature control and flammability issues but also expands the potential use of PCMs in various industries. Therefore, this study offers an effective method for developing advanced phase change cold storage materials, contributing to technological advancements in thermal management.

Freezing time, freezing in time: reconfiguring freezing practices for reducing meat waste and energy consumption

Considering that many fresh food items require domestic cold storage, understanding the role of appliances such as freezers is critical to reducing greenhouse gas emissions relating to domestic food waste and energy use. Using a social practices approach, this article reports on a study of cold storage and food waste practices, particularly freezing relating to meat, in 20 Australian households. Householders were interviewed twice, over winter and summer, 2022–2023. We studied intersecting practices of eating, shopping, cooking and cold storage, and their connection to larger social phenomena such as cold supply chains to gain insights into how and why meat was wasted. Although we set out to study household practices, we found that retailer practices of pricing specials and bulk buying must also be considered. Retailer practices combined with ambiguity in consumer understandings of date labels, shelf life and freezing times mean that domestic cold storage has become a normalised extension of the cold supply chain of food, especially for meat. We argue that understandings such as convenience and thriftiness, in conjunction with retailer expectations of domestic cold storage, may lead to the ratcheting up of household freezer use for food storage. We illustrate through our findings that this may potentially increase energy consumption and accelerate food waste, which becomes particularly problematic for carbon-intensive foods such as red meat. In innovatively reimagining domestic cold storage as an extension of industrial and retailer cold supply chains, we explore what kind of capabilities may be required for an equitable and low waste cold supply chain that reduces reliance on household freezers.

Utility of smart watch in expediting diagnosis of cold drink-triggered atrial fibrillation: a case report

BackgroundPatients presenting to the emergency department with recent palpitations are a diagnostic challenge when the arrhythmia and its symptoms have resolved prior to arrival. Newer smart watch technology, adept at detecting atrial fibrillation, can assist in the diagnostic evaluation of transitory palpitations. We report a case of cold drink-triggered atrial fibrillation whose diagnosis would not have been possible without the assistance of the patient’s smart watch.Case presentationA middle-aged man without cardiac history developed sudden rapid, irregular palpitations with shortness of breath while drinking a glass of cold juice. He activated his smart watch with 1-lead electrocardiography technology which detected rapid atrial fibrillation. He sought medical care, but while waiting, his symptoms—then 90 min in duration—spontaneously resolved. His initial diagnostic evaluation documented only sinus rhythm, as did several follow-up evaluations with cardiology the next several weeks. Had it not been for his smart watch, the etiology of his transitory palpitations would have remained undiagnosed. His physicians encouraged trigger avoidance. In the following months, he avoided rapid ingestion of cold drink, taking instead small sips. The atrial fibrillation has not recurred.ConclusionsThe case illustrates the valuable contribution of smart watch technology in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with short-lived palpitations. The case also educates clinicians about cold drink and food as a trigger of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. This trigger, like alcohol, can be modified. Cold drink trigger avoidance has been reported by patients to reduce atrial fibrillation recurrence and is a low-risk, cost-effective strategy that is often successful.

Assessment of Thermal Influence on an Orthodontic System by Means of the Finite Element Method.

The development of the finite element method (FEM) combined block polynomial interpolation with the concepts of finite difference formats and the variation principle. Because of this combination, the FEM overcomes the shortcomings of traditional variation methods while maintaining the benefits of current variation methods and the flexibility of the finite difference method. As a result, the FEM is an advancement above the traditional variation methods. The purpose of this study is to experimentally highlight the thermal behavior of two stomatognathic systems, one a control and the other presenting orthodontic treatment by means of a fixed metallic orthodontic appliance, both being subjected to several thermal regimes. In order to sustain this experimental research, we examined the case of a female subject, who was diagnosed with Angle class I malocclusion. The patient underwent a bimaxillary CBCT investigation before initiating the orthodontic treatment. A three-dimensional model with fully closed surfaces was obtained by using the InVesalius and Geomagic programs. Like the tissues examined in the patient, bracket and tube-type elements as well as orthodontic wires can be included to the virtual models. Once it is finished and geometrically accurate, the model is exported to an FEM-using program, such as Ansys Workbench. The intention was to study the behavior of two stomatognathic systems (with and without a fixed metallic orthodontic appliance) subjected to very hot food (70 °C) and very cold food (-18 °C). From the analysis of the obtained data, it was concluded that, following the simulations carried out in the presence of the fixed metallic orthodontic appliance, significantly higher temperatures were generated in the dental pulp.

Risk perception regarding social determinants of health among women with breast cancer in Iran: a qualitative study

ObjectivesBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women all around the world. Today, in addition to factors including hormones and genetics that are involved in the occurrence of breast...

Fabrication of pea protein isolate-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions with high freeze-thaw stability: Effect of high intensity ultrasonic on emulsions and interfacial protein structure

The poor freeze-thaw stability of plant protein-based emulsions posed a major challenge for their application in the cold chain foods. The present study successfully prepared oil-in-water emulsions stabilized solely with pea protein isolate (PPI) with excellent freeze-thaw stability using a facile high intensity ultrasonic (HIU)-assisted method. The optimized emulsion can endure three freeze-thaw cycles without stratification or oil leakage, maintaining oil droplet sizes at the nanometer scale. Furthermore, changes of interfacial protein structure induced by HIU were systematically investigated to reveal the stabilizing mechanism. The freeze-thaw stability of emulsions treated under varying intensities was evaluated based on changes in the appearance and oil drop size distribution. The results showed that the oil drop size of emulsions decreased from micron to nanometer and the freeze-thaw stability was significantly enhanced with the increase of HIU intensity. The emulsion exhibited optimized freeze-thaw stability under 800W. Subsequently, the effect of HIU on the structure of interfacial protein was analyzed through SDS-PAGE, –SH/S–S contents, UV spectrum, surface hydrophobicity, protein adsorption percentage, emulsifying activity and interfacial dilatational rheology. It was found that HIU triggered crosslinking of disulfide bonds among interfacial PPI molecules and enhanced the strength of the interface layer. Additionally, HIU promoted the unfolding of interfacial PPI structure, resulting in the improvement of surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying activity, and interfacial adsorption percentage of PPI. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using HIU to improve the freeze-thaw stability of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with PPI and provided references for the fabricating of plant protein-based frozen emulsion foods.

Cultural practices and beliefs followed for new born care in Santhal pargana - A cross sectional study.

Newborn care practices and beliefs vary word-wide, country to country and region to region. These care practices play a vital role in morbidity and mortality of newborn. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the newborn care practices and beliefs of newborn care. Data was collected from 429 post-natal mothers, who delivered in selected government hospitals of Santhal parganas, Deoghar, Jharkhand. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data from February 2023 to April 2023. Findings of the study are, 86.9% mothers accepted that they massage the baby with oil before bath, 89.3% participants have given breastfeeding within one hour of delivery, 93.7% have given prelacteal feeds to the newborn. Applying Heeng (Asafoetida) over the umbilicus was found a common practice to cure the abdominal pain, 70.8% accepted that they apply ashes or powder or cow dung on the umbilical cord, and 88.3% rub the dough on baby's skin to remove excess hairs, 99.3% mothers had firm belief that hot and cold foods in their diet could harm the baby. In continuation 98.8% believed that tooth eruption is associated with diarrhoea, 95.6% are applying kajal in the eyes of new born. Majority 98.8% believed that baby's skin should be exposed to sunlight in case of jaundice and 94% avoid dressing of new born with yellow clothes. Continuous Health Education programs must be organized in Community to Educate the people about beneficial and harmful newborn care practices, which will help to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn.

It’s all your fault! restaurant vs. platform blame attribution in food delivery service failures

PurposeWhile third-party food delivery continues to increase in popularity, surveys suggest nearly a quarter of deliveries suffer from service failures. With the limited research on third-party food delivery, we explore the important questions of (1) where customers place blame in the case of service failures with third-party food delivery (i.e. the platform or the restaurant) and (2) does this depend on the type of service failure? Drawing on blame attribution theory, signaling theory, and an exploratory study, we demonstrate that customers typically perceive such mishaps to be the responsibility of the restaurant rather than the delivery platform itself. We also examine the effect of visible service failure preventative actions taken by the restaurant on blame attribution and re-order intention.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted two online scenario-based studies to explore customer blame attribution in the case of third-party food delivery service failure. First, an exploratory study approach (NStudy1 = 512) was taken to provide additional support for the hypothesis development. An experiment (NStudy2 = 252) was then conducted to examine the hypothesized effects.FindingsFirst, the results of an exploratory study demonstrate that customers attribute service failures such as wrong items, missing items, cold food, or leaking containers to restaurants over third-party food delivery platforms. Second, the results of an experimental study suggest inclusion of an observable cue indicating preventative action, such as time-stamp information indicating when an order was received and packaged for delivery, increases customer re-order intention through the underlying mechanism of blame attribution.Originality/valueWe contribute to the underexplored area of third-party food delivery service failure and to our understanding of blame attribution in service failure scenarios. Further, we demonstrate a practical method to shift the blame away from restaurants for service failures that are outside of the establishment’s control.

Factors Influencing Tooth Sensitivity: Insights From the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Using Bootstrap-Enhanced Ordinal Regression.

Introduction Tooth sensitivity, or dentin hypersensitivity (DH), is characterized by sharp, sudden pain in response to stimuli such as cold, heat, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks.In Malaysia, there is limited understanding of the epidemiological aspects of tooth sensitivity, necessitating focused research. The condition results from the exposure of dentinal tubules transmitting stimuli to nerves within the pulp, with contributing factors including gingival recession, enamel erosion, and periodontal disease. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with tooth sensitivity among patients at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) using advanced statistical methods. Methods This study employed a computational research design to develop an ordinal regression and bootstrap methodology using the RStudio software (Posit PBC, Boston, MA) to analyze secondary data from the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Six variables were analyzed: tooth wear severity, patient'sage, gender, smoking status, alcohol status, and type of toothbrush. The study was conducted in three phases: 1) the development of an ordinal regression model, 2) the development of algorithms for ordinal regression and bootstrap method, and 3) validation using tooth sensitivity data. Results The analysis revealed that the replication with 1000 samples provided the most precise estimates with small standard errors (SE) and consistently significant effects across variables. Tooth sensitivity was influenced by age, toothpaste type, toothbrush type, and brushing frequency. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of considering multiple variables such as age, toothpaste type, toothbrush type, and brushing frequency in understanding tooth sensitivity. The combined ordinal regression and bootstrap technique significantly improved the model's accuracy, providing valuable insights for dental health professionals. These findings underscore the need for specific guidelines on oral hygiene practices to manage and reduce the risk of tooth sensitivity.

ROLE OF VAMANA - AN AYURVEDIC PANCHAKARMA THERAPY (MEDICATED EMESIS) IN THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SHWASAROGA (BRONCHIAL ASTHAMA): A CASE STUDY.

Shwasa Vyadhi can be correlated with bronchial asthma and is said to be chronic. It obstructs the air pathway, which impedes the free flow of oxygen due to inflammation and accumulation of mucus in the respiratory sys-tem. It is a hyperactive respiratory disease that is aggravated after coming in contact with a cold environment, eating cold food, and lying down. Shwasa Vyadhi is Kapha-Vata dominant in nature and originated from Amashaya. According to Ayurveda Shodhan (bio-purification), vitiated dosha provides complete relief from dis-ease. Vaman (medicated emesis) is one of the best Shodhana Panchakarma therapy, which is mainly preferred for Kapha Pradhan Vyadhi, and it also facilitates Vatanuloman, which is indicated in getting relief from Shwasa Vyadhi. The present case study is of a 31-year-old female patient who has suffered from bronchial asthma, i.e., Shwasa Vyadhi, since childhood and got effective relief from all the signs and symptoms of Shwasa Vyadhi after Vama-na—an Ayurvedic Panchakarma Therapy (Medicated Emesis).

Scans for Signatures of Selection in Genomes of Wagyu and Buryat Cattle Breeds Reveal Candidate Genes and Genetic Variants for Adaptive Phenotypes and Production Traits.

Past and ongoing selection shapes the genomes of livestock breeds. Identifying such signatures of selection allows for uncovering the genetic bases of affected phenotypes, including economically important traits and environmental adaptations, for the further improvement of breed genetics to respond to climate and economic challenges. Turano-Mongolian cattle are a group of taurine breeds known for their adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and outstanding production performance. Buryat Turano-Mongolian cattle are among the few breeds adapted to cold climates and poor forage. Wagyu, on the other hand, is famous for high productivity and unique top-quality marbled meat. We used hapFLK, the de-correlated composite of multiple signals (DCMS), PBS, and FST methods to search for signatures of selection in their genomes. The scans revealed signals in genes related to cold adaptation (e.g., STAT3, DOCK5, GSTM3, and CXCL8) and food digestibility (SI) in the Buryat breed, and growth and development traits (e.g., RBFOX2 and SHOX2) and marbling (e.g., DGAT1, IQGAP2, RSRC1, and DIP2B) in Wagyu. Several putatively selected genes associated with reproduction, immunity, and resistance to pathogens were found in both breed genomes. The results of our work could be used for creating new productive adapted breeds or improving the extant breeds.

Role of charge exchange collision on generation of active species for cold plasma food processing

Charge exchange collision (CXC) is well known in solar and space plasmas. In this work, we present how the CXC between N2+ and N2 can be exploited to overcome major challenges in cold plasma food processing (CPFP). CPFP is an emerging application of glow discharge plasmas for physicochemical modifications to achieve shelf-life enhancement, preservation, surface activation for germination, antimicrobial treatment, surface cleaning, etc. The commercial application of CPFP is in its infancy and it faces two major challenges. The first challenge is the difficulty in generating the desired active species for the required modification, and the second is the very high processing cost. In this paper, with the help of numerical modeling for nitrogen discharge, we show that the CXC between N2+ and N2 can be utilized to generate active species selectively, enhance energy efficiency, and possibly eliminate the processing gas cost. The modeling is followed by experimental demonstration and validation of the proposed concept. This work may lead to a new direction of transdisciplinary research towards the commercial application of CPFP.

Role of charge exchange collision on generation of active species for cold plasma food processing

Charge exchange collision (CXC) is well known in solar and space plasmas. In this work, we present how the CXC between N2+ and N2 can be exploited to overcome major challenges in cold plasma food processing (CPFP). CPFP is an emerging application of glow discharge plasmas for physicochemical modifications to achieve shelf-life enhancement, preservation, surface activation for germination, antimicrobial treatment, surface cleaning, etc. The commercial application of CPFP is in its infancy and it faces two major challenges. The first challenge is the difficulty in generating the desired active species for the required modification, and the second is the very high processing cost. In this paper, with the help of numerical modeling for nitrogen discharge, we show that the CXC between N2+ and N2 can be utilized to generate active species selectively, enhance energy efficiency, and possibly eliminate the processing gas cost. The modeling is followed by experimental demonstration and validation of the proposed concept. This work may lead to a new direction of transdisciplinary research towards the commercial application of CPFP.

From Warm to Cold: Feeding Cold Milk in Preterm Infants with Uncoordinated Oral Feeding Patterns.

Premature infants frequently face feeding challenges due to disrupted coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing, increasing their risk of dysphagia. There are few effective treatment options available for these infants. In adults experiencing dysphagia, consuming cold foods or liquids can be an effective strategy. This method stimulates the sensory receptors in the pharyngeal mucosa, promoting safer and more effective swallowing. We have previously demonstrated that short-duration feeding (5 swallows) with cold liquid significantly reduces dysphagia in preterm infants; however, the impact of extended cold milk feeding remains unexplored. This study aims to assess the safety of cold milk feedings in preterm infants diagnosed with uncoordinated feeding patterns and its effect on feeding performance. Preterm infants with uncoordinated feeding patterns (n=26) were randomized to be fed milk at either room or cold temperatures using an experimental, randomized crossover design. We monitored axillary and gastric content temperatures, mesenteric blood flow, and feeding performance. The findings suggest that preterm infants can safely tolerate cold milk without any clinically significant changes in temperature or mesenteric blood flow, and it may enhance certain aspects of feeding performance. These results suggest that cold milk feeding could be a safe therapeutic option for preterm infants. These results highlight the potential for further comprehensive studies to explore the use of cold milk as an effective therapeutic approach for addressing feeding and swallowing difficulties in preterm infants. Registered at clinicaltrials.org #NCT04421482.

Diffusion risk analysis and interdiction procedures of transmission of microorganism in the primary cold storage of imported cold chain food in case of novel coronavirus

During the period of COVID-19, the health problems caused by the contamination of imported cold chain food by pathogenic microorganisms attracted widespread attention, which brought new risks and challenges to cold chain products. The traditional liquid disinfection method has obviously been unable to meet the existing disinfection and sterilization needs, and establishing a complete set of cold chain product disinfection system has become the focus of research. This paper takes the process of importing cold chain food from Tianjin's primary cold storage as an example, and proposes the closed-loop cold storage disinfection system of "Human-Cargo-Apparatus-Waste". The establishment of the disinfection system determined the working characteristics of different areas of the primary cold storage and the risk level of virus transmission through on-site analysis and simulated aerosol diffusion experiments. According to the characteristics of different working areas in the cold storage, targeted sealing measures and disinfection techniques are adopted. It can effectively ensure the complete disinfection of cold chain products and avoid the negative impact of disinfection and sterilization methods. The expected research results provide certain technical support for the development and application of safe virus elimination throughout the entire process of imported cold chain.

IMPACT OF DIET AND LIFESTYLE ON AGE OF MENARCHE

Menarche is a medical term that describes a woman's first menstrual period, marking the onset of menstruation and reproductive maturity. Menarche typically occurs during adolescence, usually between the age of 10 to 16 years. Various factors, including genetics, nutrition, body weight, and overall health, influence the onset of menarche. The impact of diet and lifestyle on the age of menarche in adolescent subjects was studied. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving a minimum of 203 subjects in and around Vijayanagar, Bangalore. Subjects were categorized into three groups based on the age at which they attained menarche: Group 1 (before 12 years), Group 2 (between 12-14 years), and Group 3 (above 14 years). Results of this survey showed a varied distribution of age of menarche: 8.0 % below 12 years of age group, 80 % between the age group 12-14, and 12 % above 14 years of age group. The dietary habits and consumption of ksheera (milk), ghrita (ghee), junk foods, caffeine, iron-rich foods, and water intake were examined, and other factors such as menarcheal age and status of agni ( digestive fire), samashana (eating wholesome an unwholesome food together), ajeernashana (eating without the previous meal getting digested), adhyasana (eating excess), guru ahara (heavy food), sheeta ahara ( cold food), virudda aahara (food having opposite potentials), exercise, emotional resilience, co-curricular activities, use of antibiotics, stress relation, exposure to sunlight of the subjects were also evaluated. The survey findings highlight diverse menarcheal ages, suggesting potential links with diet and lifestyle.

Research on Comprehensive Control and Traceability Management of Food Cold Chain Transportation

With the rapid development of economic globalization and cross-border e-commerce, the food import and export trade has encountered growth opportunities. Meanwhile, food safety has gained increasing attention from consumers worldwide. Most food products require cold chain transportation. However, in recent years, various safety hazards have emerged in the process of food cold chain logistics, with disruptions and food spoilage causing significant waste. Ensuring the safety and traceability of the entire food cold chain has become a critical factor limiting its development. This paper proposes strategies for the development of food cold chains, including the establishment of a comprehensive standard system, promoting orderly development of traceability systems, and enhancing traceability supervision platforms to achieve transparency in food cold chain safety.

Comparative Evaluation of Er: YAG Laser, Diode Laser, and Novamin Technology for Dentinal Tubule Occlusion: An In-Vitro Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) Study.

Dentinal hypersensitivity is a brief and painful oral condition that is characterized by an abrupt shooting sensation. Stimulation occurs when hot, cold, sweet, or sour food comes into contact with exposed dentinal tubules. The present study used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) to investigate the efficacy of Er: YAG, 810 nm diode LASER, and NovaMin Technology in obstructing dentinal tubules. We extracted the outer layers of 30 human teeth to expose the tubulesand then treated the surfaces with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to create an etched effect. Three cohorts were created from the portions. Group A was subjected to the application of Erbium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet(Er: YAG) laser with a power output of 2W in the non-contact mode for 1 minute. Group B was subjected to the application of an 810nm diode laser with a power output of 1W in continuous mode for 30 seconds. Group C was subjected to the application of NovaMin paste, which contains a 927 ppm fluoride content. Following the therapy, occluded dentinal tubules were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for both quantitative and qualitative examination. The data analysis was conducted using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test, with a significance threshold of 0.05. The average percentages of complete blockage of dentinal tubules in Groups A, B, and C were evaluated using the number of entirely unobstructed dentinal tubules at magnifications of 2000X (F = 3.05, p = 0.064), 5000X (F = 5.33, p = 0.011), and 10000X (F = 8.63, p = 0.001). The count of partially open dentinal tubules seen at magnifications of 2000X, 5000X, and 10000X was F = 10.15 (P < 0.001), F = 5.97 (p = 0.007), and F = 2.12 (p = 0.140) accordingly. NovaMin technology has demonstrated more effectiveness in blocking dentinal tubules compared to 810nm diodes and Er: YAG lasers.