Application Of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Research Articles

Surface plasma discharges for the preservation of fresh-cut apples: microbial inactivation and quality attributes

Sustainable and cost effective food preservation techniques are of industrial, environmental and public health significance globally. A promising means for the gentle but efficient sanitation of foods is the application of cold atmospheric plasma. Here, the preservation of fresh-cut apples was investigated using a gas phase surface discharge plasma (SDP) reactor within an exposure chamber. Results show that the microbial load reduction of the fresh-cut apples was found to be strongly dependent on the storage time and preservation method, e.g. refrigeration (control), SDP-room temperature and SDP-refrigeration (SDP-RF). After 6 d of storage, the microbe load on the apple pieces for the SDF-RF treated groups was found to be significantly lower compared to the refrigeration-stored (4 °C) and the SDP only-processed groups, with the lowest bacterial load on the 120 s SDP-RF stored apple pieces (1.76 CFU g−1). Furthermore, the effects of the preservation method on the quality attributes (weight loss, firmness, and physical appearance), and the surface chemistry directly after cutting and SDP processing, as well as the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase after the different duration of storage were evaluated. This study successfully demonstrates the feasibility of SDP for the effective preservation of fresh-cut apples and contributes to the fundamental understanding of surface plasma-induced effects on the microbial inactivation and postharvest quality of fresh-cut fruits.

The HIPPO Transducer YAP and Its Targets CTGF and Cyr61 Drive a Paracrine Signalling in Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Mediated Wound Healing

Reactive species play a pivotal role in orchestrating wound healing responses. They act as secondary messengers and drive redox-signalling pathways that are involved in the homeostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and remodelling phases of wound healing. The application of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) to the wound site produces a profusion of short- and long-lived reactive species that have been demonstrated to be effective in promoting wound healing; however, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying CAP-mediated wound healing remains scarce. To address this, an in vitro coculture model was used to study the effects of CAP on wound healing and on paracrine crosstalk between dermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Using this coculture model, we observed a stimulatory effect on the migration ability of HaCaT cells that were cocultured with dermal fibroblasts. Additionally, CAP treatment resulted in an upregulation of the HIPPO transcription factor YAP in HaCaTs and fibroblasts. Downstream effectors of the HIPPO signalling pathway (CTGF and Cyr61) were also upregulated in dermal fibroblasts, and the administration of antioxidants could inhibit CAP-mediated wound healing and abrogate the gene expression of the HIPPO downstream effectors. Interestingly, we observed that HaCaT cells exhibited an improved cell migration rate when incubated with CAP-treated fibroblast-conditioned media compared to that observed after incubation with untreated media. An induction of CTGF and Cyr61 secretion was also observed upon CAP treatment in the fibroblast-conditioned media. Finally, exposure to recombinant CTGF and Cyr61 could also significantly improve HaCaT cell migration. In summary, our results validated that CAP activates a regenerative signalling pathway at the onset of wound healing. Additionally, CAP also stimulated a reciprocal communication between dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes, resulting in improved keratinocyte wound healing in coculture.

Assessment of pain perception after conventional frenectomy with application of cold atmospheric plasma

Assessment of pain perception after conventional frenectomy with application of cold atmospheric plasma

Multi-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens on the International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) is a confined and closed habitat with unique conditions such as cosmic radiation, and microgravity. These conditions have a strong effect on the human and spacecraft microflora. They can affect the immune response of the crew-members, thus posing a threat to their health. Microbial diversity and abundance of microorganisms from surfaces, air filters and air samples on the ISS have been studied. Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus spp., Propionibacterium spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Staphylococcus spp. were among the most frequently isolated bacteria. Microbial growth, biofilm formation, stress response, and pathogenicity are affected by microgravity. Increased resistance to antibiotics in bacteria isolated from the ISS has often been reported. Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus spp. isolates from the ISS have been shown to harbor plasmid-encoded transfer genes. These genes facilitate the dissemination of antibiotic resistances. These features of ISS-pathogens call for novel approaches including highly effective antimicrobials which can be easily used on the ISS. A promising material is the antimicrobial surface coating AGXX, a self-recycling material consisting of two noble metals. It drastically reduced microbial growth of multi-resistant human pathogens, such as staphylococci and enterococci. Further novel approaches include the application of cold atmospheric plasma for the sterilization of spacecrafts.

Ex vivo characterization of thermal argon plasma sources for potential cold atmospheric plasma application in medicine

Ex vivo characterization of thermal argon plasma sources for potential cold atmospheric plasma application in medicine

Effects of in- vivo Application of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on the Leukocyte of Balb/c Mice

Effects of in- vivo Application of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on the Leukocyte of Balb/c Mice

Targeting Protective Catalase of Tumor Cells with Cold Atmospheric Plasma- Activated Medium (PAM).

Application of cold atmospheric plasma to medium generates "plasma-activated medium" that induces apoptosis selectively in tumor cells and that has an antitumor effect in vivo. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Elucidation of potential chemical interactions within plasma-activated medium and of reactions of medium components with specific target structures of tumor cells should allow to define the active principle in plasma activated medium. Established knowledge of intercellular apoptosis-inducing reactive oxygen/nitrogen species-dependent signaling and its control by membrane-associated catalase and SOD was reviewed. Model experiments using extracellular singlet oxygen were analyzed with respect to catalase inactivation and their relevance for the antitumor action of cold atmospheric plasma. Potential interactions of this tumor cell-specific control system with components of plasma-activated medium or its reaction products were discussed within the scope of the reviewed signaling principles. None of the long-lived species found in plasma-activated medium, such as nitrite and H2O2, nor OCl- or .NO seemed to have the potential to interfere with catalase-dependent control of apoptosis-inducing signaling of tumor cells when acting alone. However, the combination of H2O2 and nitrite might generate peroxynitrite. The protonation of peroxnitrite to peroxynitrous acid allows for the generation of hydroxyl radicals that react with H2O2, leading to the formation of hydroperoxide radicals. These allow for singlet oxygen generation and inactivation of membrane-associated catalase through an autoamplificatory mechanism, followed by intercellular apoptosis-inducing signaling. Nitrite and H2O2 in plasma-activated medium establish singlet oxygen-dependent interference selectively with the control system of tumor cells.

Medical applications of cold atmospheric plasma: state of the science.

Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAP) have been used in multiple medical fields and have become a promising medical technology. CAP-generating devices are safe and easy to operate and can now be manufactured at a low cost due to advancements in electronics and microchips. A primary application of CAP is as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial technology. With the high incidence of infections caused by drug-resistant microorganisms, a non-antibiotic based treatment modality such as CAP holds great therapeutic promise, particularly in the wound care field. In addition to its antimicrobial properties, CAP treatment enhances wound healing by increasing cutaneous microcirculation, monocyte stimulation, and keratinocyte proliferation. CAP has been used by dentists for disinfection of teeth, enhancing gingival fibroblast activity, and even teeth whitening. CAP can combat tumour growth by increasing the efficacy of antitumour therapeutic agents, reactivating apoptotic pathways, or down-regulating growth-related gene sites. Most of the health-care related research on CAP has occurred in the past 15 years; the field is relatively young and needs additional research, as well as confirmation of the existing supporting literature. The purpose of this report is to provide the reader with an overview of the therapeutic application of the cold plasma technology.

Application of cold atmospheric plasma for the sterilization of objects of complex form

Application of cold atmospheric plasma for the sterilization of objects of complex form

Emerging technologies: Back to the future

BackgroundEmerging technologies, especially high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields and cold atmospheric plasma applications, are discussed and the need for targeted emerging and future research areas is presented. Scope and ApproachThe need for more data on kinetics, mechanisms, indicator organisms and microbial aggregation is forwarded. Further, more emphasis needs to be laid on: food chain and process integration; on combination processes of various technologies; re-evaluation of existing technologies using modern toolboxes; improved equipment; materials and process design; adaption of or to product requirements and formulations; and better considerations regarding consumer acceptance of emerging technologies as well as appropriate research design and reporting requirements. Key findings and conclusionExamples of related data generated in the author's laboratories during the last 35 years are presented to aid towards future research quality, process and product improvements.

Copper nanoparticles together with cold atmospheric plasma improves the growth and physiological indices of Dracocephalum moldavica in hydroponic system

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of copper nanoparticles and cold atmospheric plasma on growth and physiological indices of Dracocephalum moldavica herbal plant under hydroponic culture conditions. The factors investigated in this experiment were copper nanoparticles at four levels of zero (control), 25, 50, and 75 ppm and cold atmospheric plas-ma at three times of zero (control), 20, and 30 seconds. The results showed that application of cold atmospheric plasma led to an increase in the shoot height, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, soluble leaf protein; it also decreased proline content. In addition, there was no significant difference between cold atmospheric plasma at the two durations of 20 and 30 seconds. Moreover, compared with the control and non-nanoparticle copper treatments, the use of copper nanoparticles improved the measured indices; accordingly, when making its greatest effect, the use of copper nanoparticles led to 27.77% increase in shoot height, 73.76% in root length, 67.98% in shoot dry weight, 87.67% in root dry weight, 22.83% in leaf area, 76.19% in soluble leaf protein in treatment with 25 ppm of copper and 39.42%, 50%, and 42.36% increase in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, respectively in treatment with 50 ppm of copper nanoparticles. Considering the obtained results, it can be concluded that the use of 25 ppm of copper nanoparticles (due to the application of nanoparticle instead of non-nanoparticle copper) within 20 seconds of cold atmospheric plasma improves the growth and physiological indices of D. moldavica herbal plant under hydroponic culture conditions.

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Selectively Induces Apoptosis In Renal Adenocarcinoma

The application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in the selective treatment of cancer has drawn increasing attention. However, very few studies have focused on the selective effect of CAP towards cancer compared to the corresponding normal cells, among which the results have been mixed. Guerrero-Preston has shown that CAP selectively kills head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. While the normal oral cavity epithelial cells were killed to some degree, the mechanism of selectivity was not reported [1]. Breast cancer has been shown to be selectively killed relative to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [2], however, no selectivity was found when compared to normal breast epithelial cells [3]. CAP induces apoptosis of lung cancer without affecting bronchial epithelial cells, but no apoptotic pathways were identified or proposed [4]. Ishaq et al. proposed NADPH oxidase (Nox2) as the endogenous ROS source which mediates the ROS level in different types of colon cancer and further induces various degrees of cell death, but this proposed pathway was not verified in normal colon cells [5]. We study the effects of helium cold atmospheric plasma using the Canady Helios Cold Plasma Scalpel on established renal adenocarcinoma and renal epithelial cell lines. Our data demonstrates that kidney adenocarcinoma (769-P) is selectively killed compared to renal epithelial cells (HPRCEC). DR4 (TRAIL-R1) expression was found to be significantly increased following CAP treatment, and may contribute to the selective induction of apoptosis. Differences in DR4 expression following CAP treatment may explain the inconsistent responses of various cell lines to CAP.

The Strong Cell-based Hydrogen Peroxide Generation Triggered by Cold Atmospheric Plasma

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important signaling molecule in cancer cells. However, the significant secretion of H2O2 by cancer cells have been rarely observed. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a near room temperature ionized gas composed of neutral particles, charged particles, reactive species, and electrons. Here, we first demonstrated that breast cancer cells and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells generated micromolar level H2O2 during just 1 min of direct CAP treatment on these cells. The cell-based H2O2 generation is affected by the medium volume, the cell confluence, as well as the discharge voltage. The application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in cancer treatment has been intensively investigated over the past decade. Several cellular responses to CAP treatment have been observed including the consumption of the CAP-originated reactive species, the rise of intracellular reactive oxygen species, the damage on DNA and mitochondria, as well as the activation of apoptotic events. This is a new previously unknown cellular response to CAP, which provides a new prospective to understand the interaction between CAP and cells in vitro and in vivo. The short-lived reactive species in CAP may activate cells in vivo to generate long-lived reactive species such as H2O2, which may trigger immune attack on tumorous tissues via the H2O2-mediated lymphocyte activation.

Comparative assesment of efficiency application cold atmospheric plasma and biopolymerous coats evaluation of the effectiveness for the treatment of skin burns of iii degree in experiment

The results of the application of cold atmospheric plasma are discussed in the experimental study. The effectiveness of an experimental wound dressing based on chitosan nanofibers and copolyamide and a commercial wound dressing material based on hyaluronic acid hydrogel in the treatment of third-degree skin burns (ICD-10) is also evaluated. During the first phase of the study, an original method of inflicting thermal burn on the skin of small laboratory animals (rodents) was developed. The temperature of dehaired skin and the temperature of skin heated by resistive electrical element metal plate were obtained through a digital thermometer sensor. The source for the generation of cold atmospheric plasma was made by specialists of St. Petersburg Polytechnic University of Peter the Great. Biopsy material for histological assay was taken 3, 7, 12, 15, 21, and 28 days after treatment. Paraffinic microscopic sectioning was performed with hematoxylin and eosin; after this, microscopic assay was done. The use of cold atmospheric plasma decreases the frequency of purulent complications and also helps reduce the recovery time of the skin by 20% (p < 0.05) but is not sufficient to achieve the result that has been proclaimed after an early escharectomy and replacement of surgical defects by wound dressing materials based on natural polymers. It was demonstrated that the wound dressing based on aliphatic copolyamide and chitosan and hyaluronic acid hydrogel can help significantly accelerate the process of reparative regeneration and histogenesis in the heat-affected zone after escharectomy for up to 14.6%-46% (p < 0.05).

Repeated Cold Atmospheric Plasma Application to Intact Skin Does Not Cause Sensitization in a Standardized Murine Model

Repeated Cold Atmospheric Plasma Application to Intact Skin Does Not Cause Sensitization in a Standardized Murine Model

Erratum to: Clinical and Biological Principles of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Application in Skin Cancer.

Erratum to: Clinical and Biological Principles of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Application in Skin Cancer.

Plasma medicine—current state of research and medical application

Plasma medicine means the direct application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on or in the human body for therapeutic purposes. Further, the field interacts strongly with results gained for biological decontamination. Experimental research as well as first practical application is realized using two basic principles of CAP sources: dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) and atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ). Originating from the fundamental insights that the biological effects of CAP are most probably caused by changes of the liquid environment of cells, and are dominated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS), basic mechanisms of biological plasma activity are identified. It was demonstrated that there is no increased risk of cold plasma application and, above all, there are no indications for genotoxic effects. The most important biological effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma were identified: (1) inactivation of a broad spectrum of microorganisms including multidrug resistant ones; (2) stimulation of cell proliferation and tissue regeneration with lower plasma treatment intensity (treatment time); (3) inactivation of cells by initialization of programmed cell death (apoptosis) with higher plasma treatment intensity (treatment time). In recent years, the main focus of clinical applications was in the field of wound healing and treatment of infective skin diseases. First CAP sources are CE-certified as medical devices now which is the main precondition to start the introduction of plasma medicine into clinical reality. Plasma application in dentistry and, above all, CAP use for cancer treatment are becoming more and more important research fields in plasma medicine. A further in-depth knowledge of control and adaptation of plasma parameters and plasma geometries is needed to obtain suitable and reliable plasma sources for the different therapeutic indications and to open up new fields of medical application.

Clinical and Biological Principles of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Application in Skin Cancer.

Plasma-based electrosurgical devices have long been employed for tissue coagulation, cutting, desiccation, and cauterizing. Despite their clinical benefits, these technologies involve tissue heating and their effects are primarily heat-mediated. Recently, there have been significant developments in cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) science and engineering. New sources of CAP with well-controlled temperatures below 40 °C have been designed, permitting safe plasma application on animal and human bodies. In the last decade, a new innovative field, often referred to as plasma medicine, which combines plasma physics, life science, and clinical medicine has emerged. This field aims to exploit effects of mild plasma by controlling the interactions between plasma components (and other secondary species that can be formed from these components) with specific structural elements and functionalities of living cells. Recent studies showed that CAP can exert beneficial effects when applied selectively in certain pathologies with minimal toxicity to normal tissues. The rapid increase in new investigations and development of various devices for CAP application suggest early adoption of cold plasma as a new tool in the biomedical field. This review explores the latest major achievements in the field, focusing on the biological effects, mechanisms of action, and clinical evidence of CAP applications in areas such as skin disinfection, tissue regeneration, chronic wounds, and cancer treatment. This information may serve as a foundation for the design of future clinical trials to assess the efficacy and safety of CAP as an adjuvant therapy for skin cancer.

Preliminary Evaluation of the Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Application Rate on the Proliferation Behavior of Keratinocytes In Vitro Measured Using CK-5, CK-10, CK-14, Ki-67 and p53 Expression

Preliminary Evaluation of the Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Application Rate on the Proliferation Behavior of Keratinocytes In Vitro Measured Using CK-5, CK-10, CK-14, Ki-67 and p53 Expression

Cold atmospheric plasma in combination with mechanical treatment improves osteoblast growth on biofilm covered titanium discs

Treatment of implants with peri-implantitis is often unsuccessful, because an instrumented implant surface and residual microbial biofilm impedes re-osseointegration. The application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) could be a simple and effective strategy to overcome the inherent problems of peri-implantitis treatment. CAP is able to destroy and eliminate bacterial biofilms. Additionally, it increases the wettability of titanium, which supports cellular attachment. In this study, the behaviour of osteoblasts on titanium discs was analysed after treatment of bacterial biofilms with CAP, brushing, or a combination of both.A human plaque biofilm was cultured on titanium discs. Treatment with a brush (BR), 1% oxygen/argon CAP (PL), or brushing combined with CAP (BR + PL) was used to eliminate the biofilm. Discs without biofilm (C), autoclaved biofilm (AUTO) and untreated biofilm (BIO) served as controls. Subsequently, human osteoblastic cell growth (MG-63) was observed after 1 and 24 h.Biofilm remnants on BR and PL impaired osteoblastic cell development, whereas the BR + PL provided an increased area of osteoblastic cells. A five-day cell growth was only detectable on BR + PL treated discs.The combination of established brushing and CAP application may be a promising strategy to treat peri-implantitis.