Cola Research Articles

Repolishing in situ eroded CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of repolishing on the surface microhardness (SMH), color change (ΔE), and translucency parameter (TP) of previously in situ eroded computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorative materials and human enamel. Each of 8 volunteers wore an intraoral appliance containing 3 CAD/CAM restorative material specimens (IPS e.max CAD lithium disilicate ceramic, Lava Ultimate hybrid ceramic, and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block) and 1 human enamel specimen. The specimens were subjected to in situ erosion cycles by rinsing with a cola drink (4 × 5 min/day) for 14 days. After erosion, the specimens were polished with a silicone polishing system (Ceramister, Shofu Inc, Kyoto, Japan). The SMH and color of the specimens were determined at baseline (T1), after erosion (T2), and after repolishing (T3). The ΔE and TP values of the specimens were further calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni's test (α = 0.05). After erosion, a decrease in the SMH of the restorative materials and enamel was observed (all P < 0.001), and a decrease in the TP of the enamel was observed (P = 0.016). The ΔE values of the enamel (ΔE = 7.32) and Lava Ultimate (ΔE = 3.19) exceeded the clinically unacceptable threshold after erosion. After repolishing, the SMH of the restorative materials and enamel at T3 was significantly higher than that at T2 (all P < 0.001). No significant difference was found in the TP and ΔE values of the restorative materials and enamel between T2 and T3. In conclusion, erosion negatively affected the surface properties and appearance of the CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel. Repolishing contributed to restoring the compromised SMH of the eroded restorative materials and enamel to a certain extent. However, repolishing did not restore the color of the eroded restorative materials and enamel.

Dentifrices or gels containing MMP inhibitors prevent dentine loss: in situ studies.

Evaluate the effect of dentifrices or gels containing MMP inhibitors on dentine loss in situ. Acrylic palatal appliances containing bovine dentine blocks were divided into two rows, corresponding to the groups erosion (ERO) and erosion associated with abrasion (ERO+ABR). For ERO, the appliances were immersed in a cola drink for 5 min, 4 times/day, while for ERO+ABR, the blocks were brushed for 15 sec with a dentifrice slurry after the second and third erosive challenges. Ten volunteers took part in study 1 (S1), where the dentifrices evaluated contained 1100 ppm fluoride as NaF, 0.61% green tea extract, or 0.012% chlorhexidine digluconate. Thirteen volunteers participated in study 2 (S2), in which the treatment was performed only once (1 min) with gels containing 400 μM EGCG (EGCG400), 0.012% chlorhexidine, 1 mM FeSO4, 1.23% F (NaF), placebo, or received no treatment. Dentine loss was analyzed by profilometry (μm). Regarding S1, ERO+ABR induced significantly higher dentine loss compared with ERO and all dentifrices tested led to significantly lower dentine loss when compared with placebo. For S2, regardless of the conditions or times of evaluation, gels containing EGCG, CHX, or FeSO4 led to significantly less wear compared with the other groups. Both dentifrices and gels containing MMP inhibitors significantly reduced dentine loss. Dentifrices and gels containing MMP inhibitors are able to increase the protection against dentine wear, although gels have a better effect when compared with fluoride gel, lasting up to 10 days after a single application.

Menstrual Migraine Among Spanish University Students

PurposeThis study sought to determine the prevalence of menstrual migraine among female university students at the Nursing Faculty of Ciudad Real and to determine possible risk factors. Design and methodsA cross-sectional observational study was performed using a self-report questionnaire. Two hundred and ninety-nine female university students participated in the study; all were enrolled in the 2017/2018 academic year at the Faculty of Nursing. Participants were over the age of 18 years and without any diagnosed gynecological pathology. The main measurement tools were menstrual migraine between days −2 and +3 of the menstrual cycle, over the previous six cycles. ResultsThe prevalence of menstrual migraine was 45.15%, identifying the following possible risk factors: dysmenorrhea (OR 9.19; 1.62–6.28% CI), use of hormonal contraceptive methods (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.30–5.20), menstrual irritability (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.25–4.40), menstrual dizziness (OR 2.05; 95% CI % 1.12–3.75) and daily consumption of cola beverages (OR 1.85; 95% CI % 1.04–3.32). ConclusionsThe prevalence of this problem is high among our population and the approach is complex.Practice implications: It is necessary to continue to research the pharmacological measures and methods of pharmacological pain relief as well as interventions directed at lifestyle modifications considering the potential risk factors involved in menstrual migraine.

Persepsi Konsumen Non-Muslim Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Minuman Halal

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of attitudes, halal labeling, and price perceptions on purchasing decisions for Coca Cola beverage products in Semarang City. This research method uses a quantitative approach, a sample of 100 Non-Muslim consumer respondents using purposive sampling technique and uses multiple linear regression analysis tools. The results of research on perceptions of Non-Muslim consumers towards the decision to purchase halal beverage products indicate that customer attitudes, halal lebelisasi, and price perceptions have a positive effect on the decision to purchase Coca Cola beverage products. The description is that if consumers have a good attitude toward halal drinks, products labeled as halal, and perceptions of prices currently set can be accepted by consumers, the decision to purchase Coca Cola beverage products will increase, and vice versa.

Erosion of CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel: An in situ/in vivo study

This in situ/in vivo study aimed to evaluate the effects of erosion on the surface microhardness, substance loss, and surface roughness of CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel. This study used a 2-treatment (14 days each) crossover design with 8 healthy volunteers. Each volunteer wore an intraoral appliance containing 3 CAD/CAM restorative material specimens [IPS e.max CAD, Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM Restorative, and a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block for CAD/CAM] and 1 human enamel specimen. The specimens were subjected to in vivo erosion cycles by rinsing with 150 ml of cola drink (4 × 5 min/day) for 14 days. The surface microhardness, substance loss, and surface roughness of the specimens were measured at baseline (T1), day 7 (T2) and day 14 (T3). The data were statistically analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). After erosion, significant increases in substance loss and surface roughness were observed for enamel, though the surface roughness and substance profile of the tested restorative materials remained unchanged. Erosion significantly decreased the surface microhardness of all materials. For IPS e.max and Lava Ultimate, a significantly higher percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SMHl) was found at T3 than at T2, while no significant difference was found between T2 and T3 for enamel and the PMMA block. In conclusion, CAD/CAM restorative materials showed smaller changes in surface roughness and the surface profile than human enamel after in situ/in vivo erosion. However, CAD/CAM restorative materials and human enamel showed similar changes in surface microhardness after in situ/in vivo erosion.

Influence of Degree of Integration on Post-Acquisition Business Performance at Coca Cola Beverages Africa, Kenya

Influence of Degree of Integration on Post-Acquisition Business Performance at Coca Cola Beverages Africa, Kenya

Survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Pathogenic Leptospira in Cola, Beer, Energy Drinks, and Sports Drinks.

.Burkholderia pseudomallei and pathogenic Leptospira in contaminated drinking water can cause melioidosis and leptospirosis, respectively. Here, we evaluated their survival in beverages. We mixed six isolates (three isolates per organism) in four beverages (Coca-Cola®, Red Bull®, Singha® beer, and Gatorade®) and distilled water as the control at two final concentrations (1 × 107 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL and 1 × 103 CFU/mL). The solution was kept at two temperatures (37°C and 4°C). At 4°C and at the high concentration, pathogenic Leptospira survived in Coca-Cola® up to 3 minutes and in Singha, Red Bull®, and Gatorade up to 15 minutes, whereas B. pseudomallei survived in these beverages up to 8 hours, and 14, 14, and 28 days, respectively. The survival time of both organisms was shorter at 37°C (P = 0.01) and at the lower concentration (P = 0.001). In conclusion, Leptospira can survive in some beverages for up to 15 minutes, whereas B. pseudomallei can survive in some beverages for up to 4 weeks.

Assessment of health condition as related to lifestyle among students in the examination period.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the impact of changes in the students' lifestyle during an examination period on their health condition, as evidenced by changes to the body composition and metabolic rates. The study involved 268 Wroclaw Medical University students (second- and third-year students). The study was performed 3 times (at the beginning of a semester, in the middle of a semester, and in the examination period) and included a completion of a questionnaire on the current lifestyle, as well as measurements of the body composition, the basal metabolic rate, and the waist and hip circumferences. The measurements were carried out with the use of a body composition analyzer (Tanita MC-780 MA) and a tape measure with a waist-hip ratio calculator. In the examination period, as compared with the rest of the semester, a significant decrease was observed in the metabolic rates, and the body water and muscle mass of the examined students. During that period, there were also more frequent adverse changes in the students' lifestyle. In the studied periods, a correlation was found between changes in the frequency of snacking, consuming sweets and cola drinks, and the alterations of the subjects' body fat mass, i.e., r = 0.161, r = 0.135, and r = 0.143, respectively. In turn, differences in the frequency of drinking wine, physical activity, sleep length, and time devoted to learning correlated with changes in the participants' body water, i.e., r = 0.140, r = 0.152, and r = 0.133 (r = -0.142, r = -0.147), respectively, and muscle mass, i.e., r = 0.141, r = 0.142, and r = 0.126 (r = -0.130, r = -0.142), respectively, and metabolism, i.e., r = 0.127, r = 0.145 and r = 0.135 (r = -0.127, r = -0.135), respectively. The analysis of the body composition and metabolic rates of the students during an examination period indicates that the changes occurring in various elements of their lifestyle (e.g., dietary habits, physical activity) can result in deteriorating their health condition. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(3):339-51.

Nicotine Content from Cigarettes Submerged in Soda.

Cigarettes and other tobacco products may be extinguished by submersion in liquids in beverage cans or bottles. Cases of nicotine poisoning in children have been reported following ingestion of such liquids. The aim of this study is to analyze the variability of nicotine concentrations with respect to number of cigarettes immersed and the duration of immersion in a soda can METHODS: One unsmoked cigarette was immersed in a cola containing soda can. Three separate samples of the mixture were obtained at different intervals of time post immersion up to 1week. At the same time, a set of four cola cans were immersed with an increasing number of unsmoked cigarettes and samples obtained. All the samples were then analyzed for nicotine concentrations using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mean concentration of nicotine measured over the course of 6hours from one full cigarette in 55ml of a cola beverage was 0.48mg/ml. Nicotine concentrations steadily increased in the first 6hours following submersion, after which, the levels plateaued (r = 0.530, n = 18, p = 0.024). There was a strong positive correlation between nicotine concentrations and the number of cigarettes (r = 0.967, n = 12, p = 3e-7). The mean concentration of nicotine measured over the course of 6hours from one immersed cigarette can be potentially toxic especially to children. Nicotine concentrations are positively correlated with the number of cigarettes and time of immersion.

Effect of different beverages and storage period on bis‐acryl color stability using two assessment methods

This study aimed to evaluate the color stability (ΔE00 ) of bis-acryl resins after different immersion solutions and storage time by different evaluation methods. Sixty specimens (n = 30) were prepared from Protemp 4 and Structur 3. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 10), according to the immersion solution (artificial saliva, cola beverage, and yerba mate tea) and evaluated at two storage times (7 and 14 days). The ΔE00 of each group was calculated using color coordinates obtained by a spectrophotometer and by a digital method, using the CIEDE2000 color difference formula. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05). The 7-day period presented the lowest ΔE00 values, regardless of the material and solution evaluated for both evaluation methods (ΔE00 < 0.93; ΔE00 < 3.12). The immersion solution with the highest color change was yerba mate tea after 14 days (ΔE00 > 2.11). For digital analyses, all materials and solutions at both times presented ΔE00 values higher than the clinically acceptable (ΔE00 > 1.8), while in spectrophotometer only in yerba mate tea (14 days) Structur was above the clinical acceptability level. Yerba mate tea was the immersion solution with a higher color change in both materials and assessment methods. The highest values were found after 14 days of immersion, regardless of the solution. The ΔE00 for the digital method was higher than the spectrophotometer analysis. It is important to identify the influence of staining beverages on interim materials used in patients requiring temporary rehabilitation. The use of a spectrophotometer seems to be more accurate than the digital method for the evaluation of color parameters of the tested materials.

Dental erosion in mice with impaired salivary gland function

Objective: Salivary flow rate exerts an essential impact on the development and progression of dental erosion. In this work, the experimental dental erosion in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with reduced salivary flow rate was induced, and the erosive effect of acidic drinks on their dentition was studied.Material and methods: Three acidic drinks (sports drink, cola light drink and sugar containing cola drink) were given to adult NOD mice (groups: N = 11) as the only drink for 6 weeks. Two control groups were included; wild type and NOD control (groups: N = 9). Experimental and control (water) teeth were dissected out and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mandibular first molars were subsequently embedded in Epon, ground transversely, observed again by SEM, and the enamel thickness and tooth height were measured.Results: Mandibular molars were considerably more eroded than maxillary molars. The erosive process started at the top of the cusps and subsequently extended in the cervical, mesio-distal, and pulpal direction. Erosive lesions were evident in increased succession from sports drink, cola light to cola drink exposed mandibular molars, with the lingual tooth height being approximately 23%, 26%, and 37% lower, respectively, compared to the control. The lingual enamel was approximately 48% thinner in sports drink molars and 62% thinner in cola light molars. In cola drink molars, the lingual enamel was totally eroded, and significant erosion of dentine was evident.Conclusion: Reduced salivary flow, together with a high consumption of acidic drinks, results in severe erosion of NOD mice molars.

Assessment of caffeine intake in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing City

To assess the intake of caffeine from snacks among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing City. A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to obtain the consumption status of caffeine-containing snacks among 881 school-age children and adolescents in Chaoyang, Changping and Yanqing Districts through a 3 d 24 h continuous questionnaire survey between October 2016 and February 2017, and the caffeine content in snacks was obtained through literature retrieval and laboratory detection. The proportion of caffeinated snacks consumers among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing was 42. 45%(374/881). The average daily caffeine intake of the whole population was 9. 19 mg, with a median of 0 and a P95 of 41. 38 mg. The average daily caffeine intake of consumers was 21. 66 mg, with a median of 11. 03 mg and 76. 99 mg of P95. About 1. 60%(6/374) of individuals exceeded the daily safe intake level and there were statistically significant differences in caffeine intake between different ages, genders, grades and groups with and without tea drinking habits after weight was taken into account. Among the top three contributors, 12. 13 mg of caffeine was derived from tea, milk tea and tea beverages(including solid drinks), with a contribution rate which reached 56. 01%, 4. 35 mg of caffeine was derived from coffee, with a contribution rate of 20. 09%, and 3. 31 mg of caffeine was derived from cola and energy drinks, with a contribution rate of 15. 30%, and there existed slightly difference of the top three contribution foods among 6-11 and 12-17 years old children and adolescents. Children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing City had low caffeine intake levels from snacks and there was little risk of overconsumption. Tea, milk tea and tea beverages(including solid drinks) was the major contributor to its caffeine exposure.

Diet and behavioral habits related to oral health in eating disorder patients: a matched case-control study

BackgroundPatients suffering from eating disorders (ED) have a substantially increased risk for developing poor oral health. In this regard, dietary habits in combination with obsessive behavior as well as the expression and intensity of the disease are of utmost importance. This study aimed to investigate diet and behavioral habits in patients with ED compared to healthy controls.MethodsAll patients who initiated treatment in an ED clinic during 1 year were invited to participate in the study. Sixty-five patients were admitted out of which 54 agreed to participate: 50 women and 4 men, mean age 21.5 years, range 10–50 years. From a public dental health clinic, 54 sex-and age-matched controls where selected. In all participants a comprehensive questionnaire was completed. ED patients were analyzed with respect to their self-perceived disease state: when they felt “relatively good” (ED-good) and “bad” (ED-bad) as well as if they reported vomiting or not.ResultsThe ED-good patients reported significantly higher intake of caffeine-containing and cola light soft drinks and both study groups reported a lower intake of regularly sweetened carbonated drinks compared to controls. ED-bad reported significantly lower intake of number of meal and sweet intake while both study groups brushed their teeth more frequently than controls. As regards awareness of detrimental dietary intake and the possible risk for oral health complications did not differ between patients and controls except that the ED groups were more aware that vomiting and brushing thereafter could damage their teeth. ED patients went less often to the dentist for regular checkups than controls. Vomiting ED patients differed in several of the parameters related to dietary and other behaviors compared to no vomiting subjects. According to regression analyses and compared to healthy controls, predictive variables for ED-good were: higher intake of caffeine containing drinks (OR 1.34, CI 1.10–1.64) and lower intake of regular soft drinks (OR 0.57, CI 0.35–0.94). For ED-bad, lower frequency intake of lunch meals (OR 0.59, CI 0.39–0.88) and sweet biscuits were predictive (OR 0.15, CI 0.05–0.48).ConclusionsED patients present a number of dietary and other types of behavior that are potentially harmful for oral health. It is important to retrieve reports on the ED behaviors in both relatively good and bad disease state in order for the medical team to prescribe adequate advice and treatment.

Sweet satiation: Acute effects of consumption of sweet drinks on appetite for and intake of sweet and non-sweet foods

Sensory-specific satiety (SSS) describes a reduction in the pleasantness of the taste of (momentary liking) and desire to consume a food that occurs with eating, compared with the relative preservation of liking and desire for uneaten foods. We conducted three studies in healthy female and male participants to test whether SSS generalises from sweet drinks to sweet foods. Studies 1 (n = 40) and 2 (n = 64) used a two-condition cross-over design. Participants consumed non-carbonated, fruit squash drinks sweetened with low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) versus water and evaluated various food and drink samples (stimuli). Generalisation of SSS was evident across all sweet stimuli, without having an effect on non-sweet (savoury) stimuli. These SSS effects were present when measured shortly after consumption of the sweet drink, but not 2 h later. There was no evidence of a ‘rebound’ increase above baseline in liking or desire to consume sweet foods 2 h after the sweet drink versus water. In study 3, 51 participants consumed labelled and branded 500 ml cola and water drinks (4 conditions, cross-over design) immediately before and during ad libitum consumption of sweet and non-sweet snack foods. Compared with still water, ‘diet’ (LCS-sweetened) cola reduced sweet food intake, but not total ad libitum intake. Carbonated water decreased hunger and increased fullness compared with still water, without differentially affecting thirst. Energy compensation from the ad libitum snacks for consumption of sugar-containing cola averaged only 20%. Together, these results demonstrate that consumption of LCS drinks acutely decreases desire for sweet foods, which supports their use in place of sugar-sweetened drinks. Further studies on the effects of carbonation of appetite are warranted.

In Vitro Effect of Acidic Challenges on the Physical Properties of Dental Prosthesis Artificial Teeth

Objective: To evaluate the effect of immersion and acid challenge with cola drink on color change ( Δ E), Vickers hardness (VHN) and surface roughness (Ra) of artificial acrylic resin teeth. Material and Methods: The artificial teeth were divided into 6 groups (n= 8): TC (Trilux/Control), BC (Biotone/Control), TAC (Trilux/Acid challenge), BAC (Biotone/Acid challenge), TI (Trilux/Immersion) and BI (Biotone/Immersion). The teeth were embedded in acrylic resin and the labial side was serially polished to provide appropriate flat surface. The samples of TC, BC, TI, BI groups were immersed in artificial saliva and cola drink (coke) for 7 days, respectively. The acid challenge was performed with immersion of samples in coke for 5 min, and subsequently immersion in artificial saliva for 2h. This cycle was repeated at 4 times/day, during 7 days. The tests of VHN, Δ E and Ra were analyzed before and after the challenge and immersion groups. Data was analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey and T test ( α = 0.05) . Results: There was no difference in Ra values between groups after treatments. However, there was a decrease in VHN for all groups. BI (19.2 ± 0.3) presented significantly lower hardness than BAC (19.5 ± 0.9) and BC (20.2 ± 0.5). Groups BI (2.18 ± 0.41) and TI (1.50 ± 0.43) had statistically higher Δ E compared to the other groups . Conclusion: The hardness of resin teeth decreased after acid challenges, but the roughness surface was not affected. The color was more affected by the times of exposure in cola beverage and remineralization in artificial saliva, which were associated to the material degradation.

Influence of the Coca-Cola Drinks on the Overall Color of Glazed or Polished Porcelain Veneers Fabricated from Different Materials and Thicknesses: An In Vitro Study

The aim of the current study is to assess the influence of Coca-Cola drinks on the overall color of glazed or polished porcelain veneers fabricated of three different porcelain systems and two different thicknesses. A total of 96 ceramic disk specimens were fabricated. The ceramic veneers were prepared to a standardized thickness of 1.0 mm ± 0.025 mm and 0.6 ± 0.025 (48 samples each group) using the following ceramic systems: Zircon, E-max press, and E-max CAD/CAM. Veneer samples from each system were divided into two subgroups (n = 8). First subgroup samples were glazed according to the manufacturer's instructions, and the other subgroup samples were adjusted with diamond burs then polished with ceramic polishing kit. Color was measured with Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer. Then all samples immersed with Cola drink, for 4 weeks, in a thermocycling machine and then the color were measured again and color change was recorded. Significant differences in color change were noticed before and after immersing with Coca-Cola and thermocycling for all materials and thicknesses used (p < 0.01). Significant differences in color changes were noticed between glazed and polished samples (p < 0.001). No significant differences in color change were noticed when using different thicknesses for all materials used (p < 0.05). Different porcelain materials have shown significant color changes after immersing and thermocycling in Coca-Cola drinks. The color changes of polished porcelain specimens were more considerable than those of polished specimens for all porcelain materials and thicknesses used. This suggests reglazing of all esthetic restoration after any adjustments might be performed and before final cementation in an attempt to maintain the color stability in oral environment. To achieve a perfect color stability of ceramic veneers, clinicians should take into consideration the possible color deviations that might result after any adjustment followed by polishing procedures to the ceramic surface. And, it is always preferable to do reglazing of porcelain restorations after any surface treatments and before final cementation.

ШЛЯХИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ КОМПАНІЇ «КОКА КОЛА БЕВЕРІДЖИС УКРАЇНА ЛІМІТЕД»

The article provides a detailed analysis of the competitiveness of the Ukrainian company “Coca Cola Beverages Ukraine Limited” and suggests the main ways to increase its competitive position. To begin with, we were able to study the concept of competitiveness and determined that a competitive company is a company that achieves its goal and successfully operates in the market with a large number of competitors. We have found that it is competition that forces manufacturers to introduce new innovative manufacturing processes and new technologies that should reduce production costs and production costs. So, by improving the quality of its products, the company attracts the attention of new potential customers, which means it increases its own profit. Next, we analyzed the market where Coca Cola Beverages Ukraine Limited operates and determined that it occupies a leading position. Competitive analysis of company Coca Cola Beverages Ukraine Limited showed that the company is a powerful player in the Ukrainian soft drinks market. Today the Coca Cola Beverages Ukraine Company is the leader in its segment. The main competitor of the Coca Cola Beverages Ukraine Limited both in the domestic and an export market is PepsiCo Ukraine. We have proposed the following ways to increase the competitiveness of our company as expanding the range of products and diversifying the main business of the company. To expand the range, we propose to focus on increasing the range of juices, since the trend of healthy eating is becoming popular among Ukrainian and this will allow the company Coca Cola Beverages Ukraine Limited to conquer a new niche in the market. In terms of diversification, we suggest Coca Cola Beverages Ukraine Limited to deal with the processing of plastic bottles with their subsequent use. This will allow not only to reduce the cost of final products, but also to create a positive image of an environmentally friendly company that cares about the environment and ecology. These measures should help company Coca Cola Beverages Ukraine Limited to increase its market share and compete in the soft drinks market not only in Ukraine, but also abroad.

Investigation of The Effect of Perception of Perfection on Career Planning Process: A Case Study of Çorlu Coca Cola Beverage Factory

Bireyler küreselleşen dünyanın yarattığı rekabet koşulları ve özbenliklerinin kendilerine dayattığı mükemmeliyetçilik algısıyla, gerçek hayatın bireylere sunduğu kariyer yolları arasında sonsuz döngülü bir çatışmaya maruz kalmaktadırlar. Mükemmelliyetçilik algısının bireye dayattığı yüksek beklentili hedefler ve standartlar sınırsız olsa da bireyin her durum ve koşulda bu algıyı doyurması mümkün olmamaktadır. Mükemmelliyetçilik kavramı zaman zaman psikopatolojik bir olgu olarak görülse de doğru zaman ve koşullarda ortaya çıktığında bireyin kariyer planlama sürecinde daha rahat ilerleme kaydetmesine imkan sağlayacak bir güç olarak görülebilir. Bu bağlamda mükemmeliyetçilik bireyin kişiliği ile kariyer yolları arasında bir köprü olarak düşünülebilir. Bu araştırmada bireylerin mükemmeliyetçilik algıları ile kariyer planlama sürecindeki tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin varlığını ve bu ilişkinin yönünü ortaya çıkartmak hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda Tekirdağ ili Çorlu ilçesinde bulunan içecek sektöründe öncü ve dünyaca ünlü Coca Cola şirketine ait üretim fabrikasında çalışan mavi ve beyaz yakalı personelden toplam 133 kişi araştırma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Yapılan araştırmada sonuçlar değerlendirilirken çalışan personel mavi ve beyaz yakalı olarak ayrım yapılmadan, bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak demografik bilgi formu, Çok Boyutlu Mükemmelliyetçilik Ölçeği (ÇBMÖ) ve Kariyer Planlama Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Anket Yöntemi ile toplanan verilerin SPSS programı ile yapılan analizleri sonucunda ilişkiler incelenmiş ve çıkan sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır.

A REVIEW ON UROLITHIASIS

Urolithiasis is the urinary disorder characterized by formation of stone in the urinary tract, urinary bladder and kidneys.&#x0D; Urolithiasis is considered to be a risk of urinary incontinence and may be associated with urinary incontinence.&#x0D; A urinary stone commonly occurs in males and are calculated on the basis of their mineral composition. Approximately 80% of urinary stones composed as calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Urinary calculi can cause disruption to the urinary system, hydrophoresis, infections and bleeding. Root stone formation is the result of several mechanisms.&#x0D; Whereas exceeding supersaturation (i.e. free stone formation) is the cause of uric acid or cystine calculi, infection stones result from bacterial metabolism. Renal calculi can be broadly classified in two large groups: tissue attached and unattached.&#x0D; Components in diet increase the risk of stone formation include low intake of fluid and animal protein, sodium, sugar and syrup high corn fruit, oxalate, grape juice, apple juice and cola drinks.&#x0D; Vegetarian diets, spices and liquids may be helpful in treating and prevention and kidney stones. Therefore, the best way to prevent kidney stones is to consume a lot of water and a magnesium rich vegan. Common medications used to prevent urolithiasis do not work for all patients, and many have adverse effects that endanger their long-term use.&#x0D; Managing today's urolithiasis with open renal surgery is unusual and rarely used, only by the introduction of Extracorporeal Shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is useful but it is expensive.&#x0D; Herbs and herbal medicines have created interest among people with its clinically proven effects such as immunomodulation and antimutagenic. Also, abusing synthetic drugs due to serious side effects of the drug has allowed humans to return to nature for safe treatment.&#x0D; Kew words: hydrophoresis, Urolithiasis

Long-term stainability of interim prosthetic materials in acidic/staining solutions.

To evaluate the long-term color stainability, translucency, and contrast ratio (CR) of different resins used to fabricate interim prostheses after immersion in acidic/staining solutions. A total of 160 specimens were divided into 16 groups (n = 10) according to the material (heat-polymerized acrylic resin [HPAR], auto-polymerized acrylic resin [APR], nanoparticulated bis-acrylic resin [BR], and prefabricated poly(methyl methacrylate) block for CAD/CAM [CADR]) and immersion solutions (artificial saliva, cola beverage, coffee, and red wine). A spectrophotometer was used before and after each immersion period (7, 14, 28, 90, and 180 days). Color differences (CIEDE2000 and CIELab) were calculated. A three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni test (α = .05) were used. After 180 days, the APR presented the highest value for coffee and the CADR presented the smallest value for the cola (P < .001). For the CR, the highest values were obtained at 180 days for BR in coffee (1.35) and wine (1.18) (P < .001). Higher translucency parameters were obtained in the BR and CADR in the initial, 14, 28, and 90 days (P < .001). From the greatest to the smallest staining potential, the solutions were classified as: wine > coffee > cola beverage > saliva, while for the materials as: APR > BR > HPAR > CADR. The knowledge of the long-term optical behavior of interim prosthetic materials is important for clinicians to decide which material to use to match the dietary intake of their patients and their esthetic demands. Prefabricated blocks for CAD/CAM systems have been shown to maintaining their optical characteristics even after a long period of immersion in acidic/staining solutions.