Coke Industry Research Articles

Numerical study of NOx emission reduction by MILD and air staged synergistic combustion in a new type of coke oven flue

In order to address the issue of high emissions in the coke industry, we require innovative solutions. This article designs a coke oven flue with an array type secondary air nozzle, achieving the synergistic occurrence of MILD combustion and air staged combustion, which can significantly reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. However, further research is needed on the optimal control methods for synergistic combustion effects. First, Analyzed the mixing state of air and fuel under different air mass flow ratios. Next, by taking into account the oxygen distribution law, analyze the temperature distribution in both the primary and secondary combustion zones. Finally, analyze the distribution of NOx concentration. Study the impact of temperature differences caused by air mass flow ratio in synergistic effects on NOx emissions. The results indicate that by adjusting the air flow ratio, the air vortex intensity in the collaborative combustion process can be enhanced. This method can reduces flame temperature, achieving the objective of reducing NOx concentration. In the new type of coke oven flue, when the air mass flow ratio is 0.4, the combustion state in the primary and secondary combustion zones is optimal, and the NOx emission concentration is 312.88 mg/m3, representing a reduction of 38 %.

Study on the establishment of air pollutant and carbon emission inventory and collaborative emission reduction potential of China's coking industry from 2012 to 2022

Coking industry is usually regarded as a high pollution and high energy consumption industry. China is accelerating its efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions in the industrial sector, which has received little attention as the world's largest producer of coke. Therefore, in this study, the trend of air pollution and carbon emissions in China's coking industry and the path of coordinated emission reduction were studied. The results indicate that the average annual emissions of PM, SO2, NOx, VOCs, and CO2 in China's coking industry from 2012 to 2022 amount to 205.98, 69.47, 193.45, 599.80 Gg and 191.10 Tg, respectively. The main sources of PM, SO2, NOx, VOCs and CO2 in coking industry were coal preparation (51.5 %), charge and pushing (39.5 %), coke oven gas (99.8 %), byproduct recovery (47.0 %) and fuel combustion (87.5 %). The emissions from coking plants in central and southern Shanxi, eastern and southern Hebei, and central Shandong are the most concentrated. Ultra-low emission transformation and deep treatment of VOCs have greatly reduced pollutant emissions in key areas of air pollutant control, but the actual emission reduction effect of these measures has been weakened by the additional emissions caused by the increase of coke production in other non-key areas. The research on synergetic emission reduction path shows that there is a great synergistic benefit between air pollutants and CO2 emission reduction in coking industry. It is estimated that the APeq (air pollutants and carbon equivalent) of China's coking industry in 2025, 2028 and 2030 will decrease by 38.2 %, 63.5 % and 70.8 % respectively compared with 2022. With the continuous promotion of pollution reduction and carbon reduction measures, the emission reduction potential of China's coking industry will gradually shift from key areas to non-key areas.

Compound Castings for the Coke Industry.

In this paper, issues related to the technology of compound castings composed of two parts, i.e., the working layer and the supporting part, made of X46Cr13 high-chromium steel and EN-GJL-HB 255 grey cast iron, respectively, in a liquid-solid system by pre-installing a monolithic insert in the mould cavity are presented. As a part of the research, the mechanism of formation of transitional zones in the bonding area of the above-mentioned two alloys was identified and described. It was shown that the phenomenon that determines the formation of a permanent bond between the joined materials is the transport of C and heat from the "high-carbon and hot" material of the supporting part poured into the mould in the form of liquid cast iron to the "low-carbon and cold" material of the working layer placed in the form of a steel monolithic insert inside the mould cavity. In the paper, the suitability of the compound castings technology developed for use in the coke industry is also presented. Full-size high-chromium steel-grey cast iron compound casting plates designed for the coke quenching car lining were positively verified in real coke plant operating conditions.

Facile construction of porous carbon fibers from coal pitch for Li-S batteries

Coal pitch, an important by-product in the coal coking industry with a high output, is a low-cost and high-carbon yield precursor for the manufacturing of high-value carbon materials. Herein, N/O co-doped carbon fiber (CFCP), fabricated by electrospinning using pre-oxidized coal pitch as the precursor, was employed as the sulfur host for Li-S batteries. The presence of more pyrrolic N and graphic N in CFCP than carbon fiber made from polyacrylonitrile benefits the adsorption of lithium polysulfide and the battery’s life. Sulphur-CFCP cathode (S@CFCP) exhibited excellent specific capacity and cyclability, with a specific capacity of 701.1 mAh/g and a low capacity decay rate of 0.088% per cycle over 200 cycles at 2.0 C, respectively. The high ion diffusion rate, low charge transfer resistance, and effective conversion of lithium polysulfides enable the high electrochemical performance of S@CFCP.

Comparison of Bio-Coke and Traditional Coke Production with Regard to the Technological Aspects and Carbon Footprint Considerations

In a world facing the challenges of climate change, it is imperative to prioritize the search for sustainable technical solutions. This study focuses on evaluating the environmental impact of using bio-coke compared to traditional metallurgical coke, employing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as the evaluation tool. Bio-coke, produced from a blend of coking coals enriched with biomass, offers greater environmental potential than traditional coke due to a reduced share of non-renewable raw materials. The steel and coking industries are significant contributors to carbon dioxide emissions. LCA provides a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of bio-based additives, considering raw material deliveries, the coking process, application in metallurgy, and product end-of-life disposal. The analysis results indicate that the use of biomass additives leads to lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to coke production without bio-additives. Given the urgency of addressing global warming and the increasing demand for sustainable energy sources, this study’s findings can advocate for bio-coke as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional coke in the steel industry.

A novel image expression-driven modeling strategy for coke quality prediction in the smart cokemaking process

In pursuit of carbon neutrality and advancing energy-efficient practices within the steel and coking industries, the traditional cokemaking process is progressively evolving towards intelligence, with coke quality prediction emerging as a pivotal technology at its core. Nevertheless, the intricacy of the coke production process presents a formidable challenge in accurately forecasting it. This study is the first to propose a novel image expression-driven modeling approach that transforms the numerical coal properties into image expressions and uniquely integrates the utilization of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for predicting coke quality including Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR) and Coke Reactivity Index (CRI). Utilizing the collected 729 Chinese coal properties and corresponding coke quality indexes, the dimensionality reduction technique was employed to transform numerical coal properties into image expressions. A convolutional neural network combined with the random forest model was subsequently developed for learning and prediction, with its performance evaluated on Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and R2 metrics. The results suggested that the proposed groundbreaking model outperformed existing numerical properties-based coke quality prediction models and typical regression models, achieving MAE of 1.57, RMSE of 2.22, and 0.86 for R2 metric, along with MAE of 1.82 and RMSE of 2.42 as well as 0.91 for R2 metric in CRI and CSR prediction, respectively. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis was also undertaken to identify the pivotal factors influencing the efficacy of coke quality prediction based on the proposed approach.

The effectiveness of a new organomineral fertilizer in potato cultivation in the Middle Urals

Purpose of research. To study the effectiveness of a complex multicomponent organomineral fertilizer of prolonged action on potato productivity. Method. The object of research is potato. The subject of research is to study the effect of a new combined organomineral fertilizer on the growth, development, and yield of potato. The studies were conducted in the field experiment in accordance with the basic requirements for their conduct according to B.A. Dospekhov. The experimental work is based on the following methodological recommendations: Methods of state variety testing of agricultural crops; Methods of field and vegetation experiments with fertilizers and herbicides. Results: An innovative product has been developed – a mixed combined organomineral fertilizer based on natural extracted mineral raw materials, bird droppings, and waste from the coke industry. The chemical composition of the fertilizer contains 6 macronutrients of plant nutrition: nitrogen (N) 12%, phosphorus (P2O5) – 12%, potassium (K2O) – 2%, sulfur (S) – 10%, calcium (Ca) - 36%, and silicon (Si) – 25%. The positive effect of fertilizers on the growth, development, yield, and quality of potato has been established. Potato yield at a dose of NP(90) and NP(120) is 5.5; 5.9 t/ha or 30; 32.2% higher compared to the control. It has been established that it is economically feasible to use NP(90) for potato, which ensures low cost and increases the profitability of the production of this crop with high product quality. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the Middle Urals, a new innovative product was created and tested – a combined mixed multicomponent fertilizer for growing potatoes, application for RF patent No. 2023100288 (incoming number 0005490) dated 09.01.2023.

Effects of carbonation and chloride ingress on the durability of concrete structures

The durability of concrete structures, which are designed for long-term use is predominantly determined by the resistance to chemical influences, i.e., the concrete?s ability to protect the reinforcement steel. The carbonation and the chloride ingress into concrete are the most significant causes of steel corrosion and the potential failure of the structure. The primary goal is to ensure that any significant damage does not occur during the structure's service life, primarily achieved by selecting an adequate thickness of the concrete cover. The issue is approached through calculations based on performance analyses, and the use of appropriate models for these chemical phenomena. The paper provides a brief overview and the methodology for analysing the impact on the durability of concrete structures in accordance with the leading international normative documents. The emphasis is on the recent changes introduced in second generation of European Eurocode standards. The consequences of the analysed phenomena are presented through the results of field tests conducted at salt factories, coke industries, and thermal power plants, and through laboratory tests. The tests were performed in order to develop a rapid prediction method for the measure of chloride ingress into concrete without the stimulating chloride ion migration by electricity, as an alternative to standardized tests.

Soil Pollution Prediction from Enterprise for Coking Industry in China Based on Machine Learning and Scenario Analysis

Owing to the lack of sequential monitoring data of soil pollutants in coking industry enterprises, it is hard to accurately predict their soil pollution. To predict the trend of soil pollution of coking industry enterprises in the future, a prediction model should be developed using machine learning based on the influencing factors. A total of 13 potential factors were selected from the enterprise characteristics, enterprise management level, pollutant characteristics, and natural factors, and the main controlling factors were identified. On this basis, the prediction models were developed using a support vector machine, BP neural network model, decision tree model, and logistic model, and then the pollution situation of enterprises in the coking industry in 2025 and 2030 was predicted under different scenarios. The results indicated that time of service for the enterprise, time of establishment for the enterprise, the environmental illegal record, soil clay, and annual wind speed were the major controlling factors of soil pollution of enterprises in the coking industry. Compared with the support vector machine, BP neural network model, and decision tree model, the logistic model had a robust performance index, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91. The accurate rate and recall rate were 84% and 88%, respectively. Under the optimistic scenario, there will be 1599 and 1695 plots with a high probability of pollution in the coking industry in 2025 and 2030, respectively; under the pessimistic scenario, there will be 1671 and 1715 plots with a high probability of pollution in the coking industry in 2025 and 2030, respectively. The results of this study provided a scientific basis for soil environmental remediation and eco-environmental strategy development for the coking industry.

Coke oven gas-to-liquid synthesis: Experimental approach

Carbon resource utilisation is one of the many options to reduce carbon emissions and create additional value from ecological and economic points of view. The utilisation of e.g. process or residue gases is carried out through different technological process steps, including various technologies to convert carbon-rich gases to high value-added products in the form of hydrocarbon (HC) compounds. Several types of residue gas from the iron, steel and coke industries containing different types of elements such as H2, CH4 and CO are valuable feedstock for carbon utilisation systems. In this study, the possibility of coke oven gas (COG) conversion to HCs using a cobalt catalyst was examined. For a better understanding of the whole process, chromatographic analysis was performed to determine the exact composition of the HC chains synthesised from the COG. The results had shown the efficiency of the liquefaction very close to 20 % w/w for every investigated temperature regime, however, the character of the produced hydrocarbon chains varied. The findings suggest increased production of alcohols of C4 to C9 groups in lower temperatures, while a broad range of alkanes and alkenes C7 to C19 can be efficiently produced if the synthesis temperature is increased.

Nontarget Screening of Novel Urinary Biomarkers for Occupational Exposure to Toxic Chemicals from Coking Industry Using HPLC-QTOF-MS.

High-resolution mass spectrometry is an advanced technique for comprehensive screening of toxic chemicals. In this study, urine samples were collected from both an occupationally exposed population at a coking site and normal inhabitants to identify novel urinary biomarkers for occupational exposure to coking contaminants. A coking-site-appropriate analytical method was developed for unknown chemical screening. Through nontarget screening, 515 differential features were identified, and finally, 32 differential compounds were confirmed as candidates for the current study, including 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites. Besides monohydroxy-PAHs (such as 1-&2-naphthol, 2-&9-hydroxyfluorene, 2-&4-phenanthrol, and 1-&2-hydroxypyrene), many other PAH metabolites including dihydroxy metabolites, PAH oxide, and sulfate conjugate were detected, suggesting that the quantification based solely on monohydroxy-PAHs significantly underestimated the human exposure to PAHs. Furthermore, several novel compounds were recognized that could be considered as biomarkers for the exposure to coking contaminants, including quinolin-2-ol (1.10 ± 0.44 ng/mL), naphthylmethanols (11.4 ± 5.47 ng/mL), N-hydroxy-1-aminonaphthalene (0.78 ± 0.43 ng/mL), hydroxydibenzofurans (17.4 ± 7.85 ng/mL), hydroxyanthraquinone (0.13 ± 0.053 ng/mL), and hydroxybiphenyl (2.70 ± 1.03 ng/mL). Despite their lower levels compared with hydroxy-PAHs (95.1 ± 30.8 ng/mL), their severe toxicities should not be overlooked. The study provides a nontarget screening approach to identify chemicals in human urine, which is crucial for accurately assessing the health risks of toxic chemicals in the coking industry.

Mineral Additives Based on Industrial Waste for Modifications of Bitumen Polymers

The increase in cost of carbonaceous materials, as well as significant costs of industrial waste, have prompted scientists to use alternative raw materials as components of the construction industry. This study investigated the suitability of waste products from the coke industry as modifying agents for polymer bitumen. The by-product of the coking industry reaches a high level of silicon and is called silicon-containing additive (SCA), the composition of which is similar to the mineral solutions for bitumen. In this article, the results of using SCA as standard additives for modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with bitumen waste is presented. Using the Simdist boiling point distribution method, simulated high temperature distillation by gas chromatography, differential thermal (DTA) analyzes, and other methods of physic- chemical properties of bitumen after adding of SCA were studied. It was revealed that the connection and consumption of additives occurs because of the content of aromatic components, as well as an increase in the consumption of bitumen characteristics. Thus, the presented method for obtaining road surfaces based on PET waste and coke production waste meet the requirements of sustainable development, which implements both a significant use of industrial waste as secondary products and their processing into a new product using an energy-saving technology that reduces the consumption of raw materials and resources.

Industrial settlement in Diyala District, Baquba and Baladrooz as a model

The research aims to identify the reality of industrial settlement, Diyala Governorate, as a judicial model in Baqubah and Baladruz The research problem is to answer the following question: What is the current reality of industrial settlement in the study area? The study area is characterized by the presence of industrial diversity and different sizes, including large, medium and small, as the industrial activity varies between food industries, basic equipment industry (electrical industries), coke industry, refined petroleum products, and large-sized non-metallic mineral products industry with a total of (72) factories, as well as medium-sized industries. Which included the food industries that were concentrated within the district of Baquba only, and the construction industries that settled in the study area with a total of (17) factories, as well as small-sized industries, which formed the largest industrial settlement in the study areas (Baquba and Baladruz) and the largest number in terms of factories that reached (1067) factories, which varied between food, basic metal, construction and wood industries, which were distributed within the study area. As for other manufacturing industries and textile industries, they were concentrated in Baquba district in particular. The most important conclusions reached by the research were the following

High Spatial Resolution Emission Inventory of Air Pollutants and Carbon in China’s Independent Coking Industry

China is the largest producer and exporter of coke globally, which means that it is very important to understand the characteristics of air pollutants and carbon emissions from China’s independent coking industry. This study was the first to establish a bottom-up inventory of the air pollutants and carbon emissions of China’s independent coking industry during 2001–2018 based on continuous emission monitoring system online monitoring data and unit-based corporate information. Based on the developed emission inventory, four scenarios were established to analyze potential emissions reduction of air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) in future. The emissions of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) decreased by 62.11%, 63.41%, 72.85%, 63.41% and 63.41%, respectively. CO2, carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions increased by 355.51%, 355.51%, 355.51% and 99.74%, respectively. In 2018, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, BC, OC, CO, VOCs and CO2 emissions were, respectively. 45.20, 16.91, 63.84, 117.71, 5.07, 5.92, 554.91, 1026.58 Gg, and 176.88 Tg. Shanxi province made the greatest contributions to the total emissions of air pollutants and CO2 from this industry by 25.01%. The emission source that contributed most to PM2.5 (SO2 and NOX) emissions was coke pushing (quenching and the coke oven chimney respectively) in 2018. Under the ULE scenario (2018–2035), PM2.5 and SO2 emissions will reduce by more than 30%. Under the PCP scenario, PM2.5 and SO2 emissions will reduce by more than 55%. Under the CBP scenario, CO2 emissions will peak at 197.99 Tg in 2025 and decrease to 70% of the peak in 2035. The results showed the emission characteristics of air pollutants and CO2, future emission with several scenarios and cooperative reduction potential in China’s independent coking industry, which provides scientific support for the development of pollution control strategies.

Програма розрахунку коксохімічного обладнання на прикладі сульфатного відділення.

It is stated that Ukraine has recently lost a significant part of its industrial capacities, including in the coke industry. Therefore, after the war, the restoration of industrial potential will become an urgent issue. It is shown that a preliminary calculation of all equipment will become an urgent issue. In this regard, a computer programme for such calculations has been prepared on the basis of the methods developed by SE "UKHIN" and NTU "KhPI". The programme includes a number of typical sections that have the same internal structure. Organizationally, the programme consists of a number of sections, namely: table of contents; general information; initial data; calculations; calculation results; references; reference book; user manual. The programme allows you to perform calculations of both individual technological units and the entire technological chain. The basic principles of this programme are explained using the example of the sulphate department of a coking chemicals recovery shop. The algorithm was developed on the basis of Excel spreadsheets and includes calculations of material and heat flows of the technological process. The calculation allows for the selection of equipment and determination of the main parameters of the equipment. Relevant reference data is provided for selecting and adjusting physical constants and key process parameters. The calculation programme is accompanied by appropriate explanations that facilitate the selection of constants and parameters. This makes it possible to adjust the calculation progress. To prevent erroneous decisions from being made, appropriate blocking of incorrect data has been introduced. Such information will be useful for specialists in the field of coke oven equipment design, as well as for teachers and students of higher education institutions in the relevant field. Keywords: ammonia, coke industry, computer programme, technological units, equipment, ammonium sulphate, saturator, dryer. Corresponding author A.O. Zhuravskiy, e–mail: azhuravskiy@mail.ua

ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ КОКСОХІМІЧНОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ

The purpose of the article is the research of existing approaches and the formation of the author's vision of the system of economic support for the strategic development of the domestic coke industry. It was noted that the coke industry is one of the most important branches of the national economy. It has been established that it faces a number of problems and threats, which have led to a significant decrease in production volumes. The need to develop economic support that will allow timely identification of problems, formation and justification of current strategic development priorities in conditions of uncertainty and taking into account existing challenges and threats has been proven. Attention is focused on the variety of approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "economic support" in scientific sources. On the basis of their research, the author's definition of the term "economic support for the strategic development of the coke industry" was formulated. It was noted that the economic support of strategic development is based on the optimal combination of various elements that form a certain system. It is proposed to group them into two blocks: the main one, which is based on the analysis of trends, economic and mathematical modeling of processes and forecasting the development of the industry, and the supporting one. The structural features are determined and the structural scheme of the formation of the system of economic support for the strategic development of the coke-chemical industry of Ukraine is proposed. It has been established that the development of this system is based on certain principles. A list of them is offered and the main content is characterized. It was noted that the formation of a system of economic support for the development of the coke chemical industry will make it possible to reasonably approach the selection or actualization of previously formed strategic vectors of industry development, to focus attention on the most important and choose the most effective methods and tools, to develop and implement systemic strategic measures aimed at the development of this sector.

Evaluation of causes and effects of environmental shifts in the Lower Digaru River Basin, Assam, India

Environmental issues like deforestation, biodiversity loss, soil erosion, siltation, wetland shrinkage, river bank erosion, etc. in drainage basin perspectives today are in a rapid flux triggered by population growth and developmental activities. Focusing on the Lower Digaru River basin of North-East India,the present study investigates the changes in theLand Use / Land Cover (LULC)trend using geospatial techniques and the cause-effect relationship by identifying the various environmental issues operating within the study area. The study area has been classified into nine LULC classes: dense forest, openforest, scrub forest, fallow land, barren land, cropland, dense scrub, mixed built-up land, and water body. The results revealed that the area under dense forest has drastically declined from 60.25 % to 16.63 % during 1999-2020. In contrast, the other important categories like Mix built-up land (8.11 % to 14.05 %), scrub forest (2.1 % to 25.11 %), barren land (0.2 % to 6.63 %) and open forest (11.9 % to 18.34 %) show an increasing trend of change during the said period. Post-classification comparison of the classified images based on the transition matrix indicated that approximately 40 % of the total area under forest had been converted to scrub forest, followed by 25.09 % to open forest and, most significantly, 5.22 % to mix built-up land during 1999 -2020. Increasing population pressure and growth of economic activities like the establishment of brick industries, coke industries, and sand mining were the major driving forces for such LULC changes. Environmental implications like wetland shrinkage, river bank erosion, alteration of human occupation and economy, etc., were the study area’s prime concern. The findings suggest that integrated watershed management and land use planning should be implemented in the Lower Digaru River Basin.

DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH OF THE COX-CHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE: CURRENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS

Objective. The purpose of the article is to study the current trends in the development of the domestic coke chemical industry and to determine further prospects that will contribute to further transformational processes and the formation of effective economic policy in this area. Method. The choice of research methods is determined by the complex nature of the work. Among them: graphic, statistical analysis, comparison, detailing, analysis and synthesis, which in the complex will make it possible to assess the situation in the industry and to form ways of solving the identified problems in a timely manner. The results. As a result of the study of the current trends in the development of the domestic coke chemical industry (based on the analysis of the main indicators in the dynamics), it was established that the production of products has decreased significantly, and the situation in the industry is characterized as a crisis. A complex of factors that negatively affected the volume of industrial production is characterized. It was noted that some of them are related to the lack of raw materials, the obsolescence of the material and technical base, a decrease in demand from customers, a low level of innovation and investment activity, and a low level of product competitiveness. Attention was drawn to the fact that the company suffered significant losses due to damage or partial destruction due to the large-scale military invasion of Russia, disruption of logistics and destruction of energy infrastructure due to missile strikes and shelling of the territory of Ukraine by the aggressor country. The dependence of the functioning of enterprises on the situation on the world markets of coking coal and coke is indicated. The main influencing factors are characterized. It was noted that despite the acute problems faced by coke-chemical enterprises today, domestic production has a certain potential for development on a new technological basis. Emphasis is placed on the need for transformations in the industry. Prospective directions for the development of the industry have been formed, which will contribute to such processes and the formation of effective economic policy in this area. The information base of the study was the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the GMK.- center, research by consulting companies regarding the development of the situation in the world markets of steel, coking coal and coke, regulatory and legal documents and documents of the state authorities of Ukraine, which made it possible to confirm the need for post-war development of the industry. Scientific novelty. On the basis of the conducted research and as a result of the isolated problems occurring in the coke-chemical industry, the directions of its development as a whole and coke-chemical enterprises as its components are proposed, which will allow to restore stable functioning and form an effective economic policy in this area in the conditions of post-war recovery. Practical significance. The results of the research on the development of the domestic coke industry have practical value. They make it possible to better understand the peculiarities of economic, technical and technological processes in this area, to understand the place of the country in the global coke markets, to determine the nature of existing problems, their depth and scale, which is useful in the implementation of transformational processes, the formation of effective state economic policy and industry development strategies

DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH OF THE COX-CHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE: CURRENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS

Objective. The purpose of the article is to study the current trends in the development of the domestic coke chemical industry and to determine further prospects that will contribute to further transformational processes and the formation of effective economic policy in this area. Method. The choice of research methods is determined by the complex nature of the work. Among them: graphic, statistical analysis, comparison, detailing, analysis and synthesis, which in the complex will make it possible to assess the situation in the industry and to form ways of solving the identified problems in a timely manner. The results. As a result of the study of the current trends in the development of the domestic coke chemical industry (based on the analysis of the main indicators in the dynamics), it was established that the production of products has decreased significantly, and the situation in the industry is characterized as a crisis. A complex of factors that negatively affected the volume of industrial production is characterized. It was noted that some of them are related to the lack of raw materials, the obsolescence of the material and technical base, a decrease in demand from customers, a low level of innovation and investment activity, and a low level of product competitiveness. Attention was drawn to the fact that the company suffered significant losses due to damage or partial destruction due to the large-scale military invasion of Russia, disruption of logistics and destruction of energy infrastructure due to missile strikes and shelling of the territory of Ukraine by the aggressor country. The dependence of the functioning of enterprises on the situation on the world markets of coking coal and coke is indicated. The main influencing factors are characterized. It was noted that despite the acute problems faced by coke-chemical enterprises today, domestic production has a certain potential for development on a new technological basis. Emphasis is placed on the need for transformations in the industry. Prospective directions for the development of the industry have been formed, which will contribute to such processes and the formation of effective economic policy in this area. The information base of the study was the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the GMK.- center, research by consulting companies regarding the development of the situation in the world markets of steel, coking coal and coke, regulatory and legal documents and documents of the state authorities of Ukraine, which made it possible to confirm the need for post-war development of the industry. Scientific novelty. On the basis of the conducted research and as a result of the isolated problems occurring in the coke-chemical industry, the directions of its development as a whole and coke-chemical enterprises as its components are proposed, which will allow to restore stable functioning and form an effective economic policy in this area in the conditions of post-war recovery. Practical significance. The results of the research on the development of the domestic coke industry have practical value. They make it possible to better understand the peculiarities of economic, technical and technological processes in this area, to understand the place of the country in the global coke markets, to determine the nature of existing problems, their depth and scale, which is useful in the implementation of transformational processes, the formation of effective state economic policy and industry development strategies/

Distribution characteristics, air-water exchange, ozone formation potential and health risk assessments of VOCs emitted from typical coking wastewater treatment process

Coking industry has been considered as important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. However, few studies have emphasized the occurrence and adverse effects of VOCs from coking wastewater treatment processes. In this research, pollution profiles of both air and water phase VOCs in a typical coking wastewater treatment plant were investigated in terms of distribution characteristics, air-water exchange, ozone formation potential (OFP) and associated human health risks. Thirty VOCs were detected in the air phase, in which benzene and naphthalene were found to be the major VOCs with total contribution of 87.81 %. Nineteen VOCs were detected in the water phase, in which benzene, naphthalene and toluene contribute most to total VOCs with total contribution of 75.1 %. The regulating tank (RT) was the major source of VOCs, and the emission rate of total VOCs from all unites was 2711.03 g/d with annual emission of 0.99 t. The emission factor was estimated to be 1.36 g VOCs/m3 wastewater. The air-water exchange was assessed using the Fugacity model, and water-to-air volatilization was predominant based on the net flux of air-water exchange. OFP evaluated by emission factor indicated that the total OFP in RT was the highest (1.52 g O3/m3 wastewater), and toluene contributed 41.8 % of the total OFP, followed by naphthalene accounting for 38.7 % The total carcinogenic risks were in the range of 8.60 × 10−6 to 2.18 × 10−3, in which the RT exceeded the significant risk threshold (>1 × 10−4). The non-carcinogenic risks of hazard quotient value in RT also exceeded the risk threshold (>1), and naphthalene was the major contributor accounting for 79.02 %. These results not only provided comprehensive knowledge on pollution profiles and environmental risks of VOCs during coking wastewater treatment processes, but also facilitated the implement of VOCs regulation and occupational health protection strategies in coking industries.