Coital Activity Research Articles

Exploration of Indonesian Herbal Plants as Aphrodisiac agents and Testing their Activity in Animal Testing

Indonesia's abundant natural resources have spurred interest in exploring certain plants believed to possess aphrodisiac properties that can enhance male libido and reproductive health. This research endeavor is designed to delve into the extraction of compounds from various plant species, followed by a comprehensive analysis of their chemical constituents. Subsequently, aphrodisiac activity assessments are conducted on male rats, focusing on key parameters such as mating frequency, climbing behavior, and coital activities. Additionally, this investigation encompasses the determination of the percentage of relative testicular weight in relation to body weight and histopathological examination of testicular organs. The findings emanating from the extracts of Piper retrofractum (PRE), Solanum melongena fruit (EE), Ocimum basilicum leaves (OBLE), Watermelon albedo (WAE), and Zingiber officinale Var Rubrum rhizoma (ZRE) reveal the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. Notably, EE, administered at a dosage of 30mg, yields the most prominent aphrodisiac effects in the test subjects, as evidenced by heightened mating frequency, climbing activity, and coital behaviors. Furthermore, the relative testicular weight following treatment with 30mg of PRE closely resembles the impact observed with sildenafil at a dosage of 10 mg/kgbw.

Delayed time to pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in bale zone administrative towns health facilities: multi-center cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe desire to conceive and become parents is a fundamental aspect of human life that carries immense personal, emotional, and societal significance. For many couples, achieving pregnancy represents a long-cherished dream, but the journey to parenthood is not always straightforward. The duration it takes to achieve the desired pregnancy can vary significantly among individuals and is influenced by many factors. This study explores the factors that influence the delayed time of pregnancy among women with naturally planned conception.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to May 30, 2023, in public health facilities of Bale Zone administrative towns, Southeast Ethiopia. Using systematic random sampling, 388 women participated in the study and a pretested questionnaire was used to collect data. Bivariate logistic regression was done, and variables with p-values < 0.25 were exported to multivariable logistic regression, and a statistically significant association was declared at p-value < 0.05.ResultsThe study revealed delayed time to pregnancy was 18.6% with 95% (CI = 14.67-22.44%). Women’s age ≥ 35, (AOR = 2.61; 95%, CI: 1.17–5.82), menstrual irregularity (AOR = 3.79; 95% CI: 1.98–7.25), and frequency of sexual intercourse/week (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05–4.41) and women’s sexual dysfunction before conception (AOR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.62–6.01) were significantly associated factors with delayed time to pregnancy at p-value < 0.05.ConclusionThe study revealed a substantial proportion of delayed time to pregnancy. This delayed time to pregnancy was associated with older maternal age, irregular menstrual cycles, coital activity per week, and the women’s sexual dysfunction before pregnancy. Consequently, addressing delayed time to pregnancy requires a targeted approach, prioritizing initiatives such as raising awareness, fostering increased frequency of sexual activity per week, exploring interventions for women with irregular menstrual patterns, and challenges related to sexual dysfunction.

A Network Analysis of the Fear Avoidance Model of Genital Pain

ABSTRACT Using a novel data-driven network approach, this study aimed to examine the interconnection between the key elements of the Fear-Avoidance Model of female genital pain – sexual arousal, fear-avoidant cognitions, and motivational coping – and its associated factors to predict the intensity and frequency of genital pain across women over time. Network modeling allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of the Fear-Avoidance model while capturing the dynamic features of genital pain. We estimated a cross-sectional and a temporal, contemporaneous, and between-persons network model on convenience-based data of 543 female students (mean age = 23.7 years, SD = 3.6) collected at three time points. Results showed that lubrication, pain catastrophizing, pain avoidance, fear-avoidance beliefs, sexual satisfaction, anxiety, and frequency of coital and non-coital sex predicted pain, with lubrication being the most consistent predictor across estimations. The network of women with recurrent genital pain showed a similar pattern as the network of the total sample, except that pain avoidance and fear-avoidance beliefs rather than pain catastrophizing predicted pain directly, and frequency of coital and non-coital sexual activities played a more prominent role. These results suggest that the main problem of genital pain centers around women not being sufficiently aroused during intercourse and inadequate ways of pain coping, which are critical targets of cognitive-behavioral therapy treatment and should be developed further.

Behavioural Activities of Large White Yorkshire Crossbred Pigs under Different Mating Regimens

The present study was carried out on 18 crossbred LWY gilts and sows that were mated with suitable boars with the objectives to study the effect of various mating frequencies on various behavioural activities. They were randomly divided into 3 equal groups viz., Group I, II and III which were mated once, twice and thrice respectively with suitable boars, during a heat period and observed pre-coital and coital behavioural activities. Overall intermittent movement, slight forward movement, standing firmly were observed during, 5 (13.88%), 7 (19.44%) and 24 (66.66%) successful mating sessions, respectively. Gilts/sows exhibited frequent and partial vocalisation during 3 (8.33%), 10 (27.77%) mating sessions respectively out of total successful mating sessions. Gilts/ sows remained content during 22 (61.11%) successful mating sessions. Aggression, urinating and sniffing male genitalia was observed during 3 (8.33%), 11 (30.55%), 13 (36.11%) successful mating sessions out of total successful mating sessions. There was no significant difference between the groups. Overall mean of the primary changes in peri-partum behaviour viz., restlessness, grunting and anxiousness were observed 24.33 ± 3.16 h, 17.00 ± 3.11 h and 3.50 ± 0.64 h, respectively before farrowing. Overall mean of nest building behaviours viz., rooting &amp; pawing, bar biting, chewing were observed 50.22 ± 4.47 h, 29.00 ± 2.66 h and 17.77 ± 1.41 h, before the birth of first piglet.

Two World Wars and Belgium: Missing Births and Birth Sex Ratio Changes.

The sex ratio at birth (male/total births, M/T) is expected to approximate 0.515. M/T is influenced by many factors including stress. Both World Wars have been implicated as influencing birth rates and M/T. This study was carried out to analyse the effects of two World Wars on Belgium vis-à-vis missing births as well as M/T changes. Belgian male and female births were available for 1830-2019 and annual population was available from Statista. ARIMA models were used to estimate and project birth losses. The effect of wars was assumed to begin in the years following the commencement of each war and extend to the year after cessation of hostilities i.e., 1915-1919 and 1940-1946 for the First and Second World Wars respectively. This study included 27,346,178 live births for 1830-2019, M/T 0.5124. There was a decreasing trend in births for 1830-2019, significant for 1950-2019. There were dips in births in association with both Wars resulting in over 440,000 missing births, 3.80% of the Belgian population for the First World War and 1.91% for the Second World War. M/T rose non-significantly for the First World War and significantly for the Second World War. The declining birth rate and M/T in developed countries is a recognised phenomenon. The missing births in relation to wars are of demographic importance but are often overlooked with emphasis usually on casualties and deaths. M/T may rise in wars, possibly due to increased coital activity as well as other factors.

Ruptured Intracranial Vascular Aneurysm with Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Autopsy Case Series and Literature Review

Background: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a severe condition where bleeding occurs in the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain. SAH can be caused by a ruptured aneurysm or head injury leading to a stroke (with associated disability or death). Common symptoms include severe (thunderclap) headache, neck pain, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light. Case Presentations: Firstly, a 58-year-old man presented with a history of severe headaches and inability to use the left side of his body, with a possible hemorrhagic right-sided hemispheric stroke diagnosis. Following death, an autopsy revealed a ruptured intracranial Charcot Bouchard aneurysm, with SAH as the cause. Secondly, a 35-year-old woman presented with a sudden loss of consciousness and three episodes of generalised tonic-clonic convulsion during a coital activity at a guest house. Following death, an autopsy revealed a ruptured middle cerebral artery’s saccular (berry) aneurysm, causing SAH with bilateral tonsillar herniation as the cause. These case series highlight the importance of autopsy in diagnosing SAH.

Simultaneous Cardiocerebral Infarction Associated with Postcoital Activity

BackgroundCardiocerebral infarction (CCI) is a rare and life-threatening presentation of simultaneous acute myocardial infarction and acute ischemic stroke that requires prompt recognition and proper treatment. CCI is time sensitive and carries a high mortality rate. There is no standardized treatment algorithm that addresses both conditions simultaneously. Case ReportWe present a 29-year-old man with simultaneous myocardial infarction and thrombotic stroke after coital activity. He presented to the Emergency Department with left-sided extremity weakness and numbness and radicular left-sided chest pain. He suffered a cardiac arrest during his evaluation and required emergent percutaneous coronary intervention with stent placement. He was resuscitated successfully and had an uncomplicated clinical course, with improved neurologic recovery prior to discharge. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?CCI is a rare condition that typically occurs in elderly patients with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Management is challenging due to the time-sensitive nature of diagnosis and treatment of each condition. Treatment is not standardized, unlike individual evidence-based algorithms for thrombotic stroke and acute myocardial infarction. Risks and benefits for each treatment plan should be weighed and therapy should be directed toward the most immediate life-threatening process. This case would add to the literature surrounding this condition and help guide emergency physicians toward the most optimal treatment strategies for this patient population. This case also raises awareness of the existence of this condition and its potential presence in young, otherwise healthy patients.

Moral Legislation and Crime Against Women: Explorations in Indian and Western Values

In recent years, the National Crime Records Bureau recommendation is that the growth rate of crime against women has skyrocketed in India, even higher than the population growth rate. According to lawyer, Kamlesh Vaswani, the commercial exploitation of coital activity paramount in pornography is the result of crimes against women, and fills perverse traits in the roots of society. Following that, he filed a petition (2013) in the Honourable Supreme Court to blanket ban pornography with the aim of diluting the subordination of women and the crimes against women in society. Taking this into consideration, I argue that the Vaswani petition draws back the issue of twentieth century Western political and philosophical debate on pornography which triggers one of the moot problems of moral legislation—whether the state should be neutral or not towards individuals’ preferences, merits, desires, and the status to live well. This article focuses on whether this discourse has any relevance in the Indian value system. In this article, through the comparison between Indian and Western values, I make an attempt to analyse the moot problem of moral legislation which is bridging the gap between public and private morality for the well-being of women as well as our society.

Laparoscopic Neovagina Creation by Using Modified Davydov Technique

A-21 year-old woman diagnosed with Meyer Rokitamsky Kuster Hauser syndrome has presented with a complaint of amenorrhea and failure to have vaginal penetration during coitus. On magnetic resonance imaging, bilateral rudimentary uterine remnants next to normal-appearing ovaries with absence of uterus have been detected. Laparoscopically, a 3 cm transverse incision was made pelvic peritoneum and vaginal apex to create a two-finger width opening to the blind vagina. Anterior and posterior visceral peritoneal edges have been grasped and sutured vaginally to the vaginal epithelial border. A continuous purse string stitch technique has been utilized to close the proximal part of the neovagina. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful. The patient kept using a vaginal silicone dilatator every night for 3 months and she was allowed to have regular coital activity after then. The modified Davydov procedure is an efficient surgical technique with lower complication rates and vaginal stenosis rates.

HOW ALLERGISTS ARE SAVING MARRIAGES: A REVIEW ON SEXUAL INTERCOURSE PRESENTING AS EXERCISE-INDUCED ASTHMA

<h3>Introduction</h3> Exercise has been long associated as a trigger for asthma. Exercise induced symptoms have been attributed to 40-90% of asthmatic patients. However, sexual intercourse is uncommonly associated as exercise. The purpose of this review is to investigate sexual intercourse as an underdiagnosed trigger for asthma exacerbations. <h3>Methods</h3> We collected in this review the available literature on this subject. The PUBMED database was searched by a combination of keywords and MESH terms: sexual intercourse OR honeymoon asthma OR sexual behavior AND allergy OR allergic reaction.The studies retrieved were independently evaluated by the authors and included in this review based on their clinical correlation and pertinence. No IRB was required. <h3>Results</h3> Several case studies have reported post-coital asthma exacerbations however more cases have been reported of allergic reactions to coital activity such as seminal fluid or latex. The few reported cases allude to underreporting of this condition given the intimate nature of this subject. Disclosure relies on the patient's comfortability with their provider and the provider's awareness of characterizing sexual activity as exercise. It is estimated the energy expenditure of sexual activity is approximately equivalent to walking up two flight of stairs. When sexually activity induced asthma is properly identified and treated, allergists are placed in a position where they can improve their patients' quality of life. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Properly investigating all causes of asthma exacerbations, including sexual intercourse, which shares its pathogenesis with exercise-induced asthma, can place allergists in a position of positively improving their patient's lives, including their marriages.

A case report of successful treatment approach for Vaginismus

Vaginismus is a condition that can be defined as an uncontrolled contraction of the vaginal muscles, which can lead to difficulty in coital activity.1,2 The term vaginismus was coiled in 19th century. However, vaginismus has been actualized as a inconsistent but well recognized and well managed female sexual dysfunction. In 1859 gynecologist pen down from his personal experience “I can confidently assert that I know of no disease capable of producing so much unhappiness to both parties of the marriage contract, and I am happy to state that I know of no serious trouble that can be cured so easily, so safely and so certainly”1,3. This actualization was extended by Masters and Johnson. Who clocked in a treatment and outcome success rate of 100%. 1,4. Beck stated vaginismus as “an interesting illustration of scientific neglect”1,5.There is paucity in the evidences of epidemiological studies examining the population prevalence of vaginismus as it requires gynecological assessment and the effected will avoid it due the pain anticipation due to which there have been numerous estimation with concerns to the prevalence vaginismus1. Masters and Johnson state that it is comparatively sparse conditio1,4,6 And there are others who advocate that it is the most found female psychosexual dysfunction.7-10. The prevalence of vaginismus remains unspecific however the prevalence rate in clinical setting have been outlined to fall between 5-17%11.It was found that Ghana reported 68.1% cases with signs and symptoms of vaginismus.12. An Italian women reported 9% of enquires for vaginismus over a phone call helpline.

Sexual assessment in breast cancer survivors receiving aromatase inhibitors: Are they interested on sexology consultation?

ABSTRACT Introduction Sexuality complaints are common among breast cancer (BC) survivors mostly related to diagnosis and treatment. Aromatase inhibitors (AI) are a well-known cause of severe genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and dyspareunia. It is noteworthy that to evaluate sexual function a proper evaluation of both the past and current sexuality is needed. Objective baseline assessment of BC survivors receiving AI with GSM and dyspareunia who attend a sexology consultation. Methods Observational cross-sectional descriptive data from an ongoing RCT study (NCT04619485) focused on baseline sexual records of BC survivors receiving AI with GSM and dyspareunia, aimed to better understand the sexual life of the participants before any treatment. Women received an hour sexual counselling based on the PLISSIT model (permission, limited information, specific suggestion and intensive therapy). According to DSM 5, sexual disorder should be considered when there is clinically significant disturbance. We ask patients to fill in a visual analogue scale (VAS) 0-10 about disturbance by their sexual life and classified disturbance as clinically significant when women scored &amp;gt;3. Dyspareunia intensity is also assessed in all patients (sexually active and inactive) according to their last coital sexual activities. Both their past and current sexual life are evaluated. Results We included 73 women until June 2021. On average, patients had been diagnosed of BC 5 years ago and had been treated with surgery (98.6%), radiotherapy (73.2%), chemotherapy (81.1%) and hormonal therapy (100%). Sexual activity rate was 63%. Table 1 describes the characteristics of the sample, classified according to their sexual activity and to whether they attended or not the sexual assessment visit. Sexually inactive women are older and have more intense dyspareunia than their sexually active peers, being such differences statistically significant. 19 women rejected sexual counselling due to shame, personal beliefs or lack of motivation on the topic. No statistically significant differences were found between this collective and women who wanted sexual assessment. All women who attended baseline sexual visit (N=54) were heterosexual but one bisexual. 76.5% of them reported a stable relationship whereas 23.5% were unpartnered. Among sexually active women who attended baseline sexual visit (N=37, 68.5%), 23.5% reported solo sex, 35.3% reported partnered sex and 41.2% both sexual conducts. According to the kind of sexual activity, 77% of all women had vaginal sex and external conducts, 20% only external conducts and 3% only vaginal sex. Regarding the sexuality of the 54 evaluated women, 80.4% had a preserved and satisfactory sexual life with orgasms previous to BC diagnosis. Most of the patients (62.7%) reported worsening of their sexual life after AI treatment whereas only 17.7% maintained their good sexual life. All women with previous sexual dysfunction (19.6%) maintained their symptoms. Conclusions three out of four patients suffering from BC are interested in an evaluation of their sexuality. Most of them show a sexuality impairment at the baseline visit. This information should be considered when planning the holistic approach to patient care by a multidisciplinary team, especially when there is an aim to treat a sexual symptom.

Amoebiasis in Pregnancy: A Review and Update of the Literature

Amoebiasis in Pregnancy: A Review and Update of the Literature

A Case Report of Microperforate hymen presented with primary infertility

Micro perforate hymen is an uncommon congenital defect in which the hymen has a microscopic pinpoint aperture. It is a different entity from imperforate hymen, but it might present with more or less similar complaints. Here we are discussing about a unique case of pinpoint hymenal opening or microperforate hymen where the patient presented to us with primary infertility. Most cases of micro perforate hymen present in the paediatric age group with recurrent urinary tract infections and recurrent vulvovaginitis. Rare cases in a review of literature noted that a patient was seen to present with urethral dilatation during coital activity. In this case report, we present a patient who came with primary infertility who has never been examined in the past. She had regular menstrual cycles but scanty flow with the main complaint of dyspareunia. After examination, she was found to have microperforate hymen and suspected transverse vaginal septum defect. Hence, routine investigations were done, and we proceeded with hymenectomy. This example demonstrates the importance of a thorough genital examination and the inclusion of hymenal abnormalities in the differential diagnosis of women with recurrent dysuria, vaginitis, primary infertility, and oligomenorrhoea, so that early intervention can be done to improve the woman's quality of life and reduce pregnancy difficulties.

Agglutination Enhancing Effect of Semen on Pre-Treated Erythrocyte Rhesus D Agglutinogen in Human

Human semen serves as fluids medium in which sperm cells are dispersed and swim within. Semen contains about 90% water along with proteins that include Immunoglobulin-A (I g A), Haptoglobin, fructose sugar, other dissolved substances and electrolyte. Apart from preserving the sperm cells, semen may carry certain immunological feature as part of its protective functions. From a male partner in coital activity, semen’s cellular component and proteins deposited into the vagina do not antigenically qualify as ‘self’. This is a study to determine a possible agglutination resistant effect of semen on various types of ABO and Rhesus blood group members or agglutination enhancing effect of the same ABO and Rhesus group members. Keywords : Rhesus, ABO, Blood Group Agglutination Semen Haptoglobin. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/71-01 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

Penile fracture: Institutional experience of 14 cases.

Background:Penile fracture due to various causes is urological emergency condition, which can be diagnosed on history and clinical examination of the patient. Appropriate management in each case prevents patients from future physical and psychological consequences.Materials and Methods:Fourteen patients were included in the study. The study was carried out at Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India, between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019. All patients were evaluated by history and clinical examination and radiographic investigation in suspected urethral injury.Results:Fourteen patients with penile fracture, between 20 and 50 years, were in the study. The most common mechanism of injury was abnormal positional coital activity. About 85.71% of patients were diagnosed with a history and clinical examination. Ninety-three percent of patients were treated surgically and had a successful outcome. One patient had associated urethral injury. All patients had good sexual function posttreatment except one who later recovered well on medical management.Conclusion:Early diagnosis and treatment of patients with penile fracture depend on the history and clinical examination with less role of radiological investigations. The appropriate treatment gives a good outcome.

Amoebiasis of the Penis: A Review and Update

Ulceration of the penis/foreskin which would tend to be painful, Swelling of the penis, Oedema of the penis, Discharge from ulcer or inflamed area of penis that could be purulent or may contain blood, Balanoposthitis, Exudation from a penile ulcer which could be mild, profuse, purulent or bloody, Sloughing off of part of the foreskin and other tissues with resulting hypospadias, indurated swelling of the penis which may initially involve one part of the penis but could quickly spread, A history of homosexual coital activity may be obtained, The spouse of a man who has Amoebiasis of the penis could also have Amoebiasis of vulva, cervix or endometrium, The prepuce may not be retractable, There may be ulceration or swelling of the glans penis that may be irregular. Clinical examination findings in cases of Amoebiasis of the penis could reveal some of the ensuing: The general and systematic examinations may be normal. Examination of the penis may show: Tight non-retractile foreskin, Ulceration of foreskin, Swelling of the foreskin, Swelling of the glans penis, Ulceration and swelling of glans penis., Swelling and inflammation of the shaft of the penis, Ulceration on the shaft of the penis, Development of an iatrogenic hypospadias which was not there before, The inguinal lymph nodes may not be palpable but sometimes they may be enlarged on one side or on both sides, The penile swelling may involve part of the penis but at times on rare occasions the entire penis may be swollen, the penile swelling could on rare occasions extend to the supra-pubic area, On rare occasions the swelling of the penis could extend to include the scrotum but this is extremely rare. Amoebiasis of the penis does mimic various common conditions that affect the penis including: squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, chancroid, primary syphilitic ulcer of the penis, granuloma inguinale, balanoposthitis, and many other lesions affecting the penis. A high-index of suspicion is required to diagnose Amoebiasis of the penis. Clinicians need to be aware that male homosexuals who practice penetrative penis-anal coital activity have a higher risk of developing amoebiasis of the penis especially in Amoebiasis endemic countries. If an individual is suspected to have balanoposthitis or non-specific infection of the penis and is treated with antibiotics but the lesion does not respond to treatment, amoebiasis of the penis should be suspected. Secretions and discharges from the penile ulcer as well as biopsies of the penile lesion should be submitted for pathology examination which would demonstrate trophozoites, entamoebae as well as inflammatory cells. Even if carcinoma of the penis is initially suspected biopsy of the penile lesion would show features of Amoebiasis in the absence of any features of malignancy but in the very rare situation of a combination of Amoebiasis of the penis and carcinoma of the penis microscopic pathology examination of a biopsy specimen of the penile lesion would show features of Amoebiasis and carcinoma of the penis. .Amoebiasis of the penis does quickly and effectively respond to anti-amoebic medicaments.

Effects of mode of delivery on sexual functions of parturients in Nigeria: a prospective cohort study.

Female sexual function disorders (FSFDs) have received less attention than male sexual function disorders, despite being more prevalent. Furthermore, most available literature is on the effect of vaginal delivery (VD) on sexual function, and studies on the effect of caesarean section (CS) are generally lacking. This study determined the comparative effect of CS and VD on FSFDs. A prospective cohort of postnatal mothers at two hospitals in Nigeria was studied. In the intervention group women delivered via CS whereas women in the control group had a VD. Both groups were followed up to 3months to determine the time to first coitus and other FSFs using a validated questionnaire. At 6weeks postpartum, mean time (days) to first coitus was shorter in the CS than in the VD group (29.2 ± 4.3 vs 32.1 ± 4.9; t = 2.38; p = 0.02). However, no difference was observed at 3months (37.3 ± 8.7 vs 40.9 ± 9.9; t = 1.83; p = 0.07). Also, there were no differences in mean Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) total scores at 6weeks and 3months (p > 0.05). Mean FSFI domain scores at 6weeks for orgasm, satisfaction, and pain were significantly higher in the CS group (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences in any of the domain scores at 3months (p > 0.05). Mode of delivery does not affect time to resumption of coitus after childbirth, and FSF disorders by 3months postpartum. Caesarean section should therefore not be recommended to women merely for early resumption of coital activity or preservation/maintenance of sexual function after childbirth.

Too Stressed for Sex? Low Sex Marriages in Singapore

This paper investigates the associations between stress and fatigue arising from hectic lifestyles and marital coital activity in Singapore, where the fertility rate is among the lowest in the world. Using data on 657 married women’s self-reported daily coital activity collected through online diaries over 14 weeks (n = 54,600), I estimate that marital sexual frequency is 3.69 and 2.55 per 30 days on average among women aged 25-29 and 30-34 respectively, well below ideal frequencies of 6.40 and 5.23. Results from two-way logistic models show that there is a strong positive weekend effect and a positive but weaker public holiday effect, with very low probabilities of sex during the workweek among older married women. Stress has a significant inhibition effect through the week among older women, and has a stronger effect on couples who are likely to want more children. On the other hand, fatigue reduces probability of sex mainly during the workweek, and has a stronger effect on couples who have already achieved their ideal family size. The results suggest that the incompatibility between demanding work-life environments and healthy marital sex lives contributes to the decline in coital frequency with age and helps to explain the very low fertility rate in Singapore.

Risky sexual behaviour and contraceptive use among young women in the Czech Republic.

This study aimed to obtain sexual and reproductive behaviour data of late adolescent women in the Czech Republic and to analyse the relationships between sexual behaviour and social, demographic, and behavioural factors. Data were obtained using the Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing method from 25 April to 2 May 2018 from a representative group of sexually active women aged 18-24 years. Results were statistically evaluated using sign schema on adjusted residuals. A total of 525 women participated (median age of coitarche - 16 years, condom use with/without hormonal contraception - 65%, unprotected sex - 9.3% in the sexual debut). Anamnestic artificial abortion and sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates were 5.3% and 3.8%, respectively. Early coitarche, number of sexual partners, history of abortion, and STDs were positively correlated with current hormonal contraceptive use; the number of sexual partners and use of hormonal contraception were negatively correlated. Hormonal contraceptive users were more likely vaccinated against human papilloma virus (HPV) in comparison with women without any contraception. There was no correlation between risky sexual behaviour, contraceptive use, and socio-demographic factors. Women with early coitarche and a high cumulative number of sexual partners have more unwanted pregnancies and STDs; moreover, those with regular coital activity without contraception are less frequently vaccinated against HPV.